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Biology Honors Final Review Bring the following materials to the test: 2 #2 pencils White-out Pen Text book Reading/Studying material Date and Time Block 1: Wednesday, June 18th, 10:30-12:30. Block 4: Tuesday, June 17th, 8:00-10:00 Chapters and concepts on the test Chapter 8: Chromosome: Structure and Organization Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes Diploid v. Haploid The Cell Cycle Mitsosis Meiosis Compare/Contrast Chapter 9 Mendel and his pea plant experiments Self-pollination vs. cross-pollination P, F1, F2 generations Mendel’s conclusions Principle of dominance Law of segregation Law of independent assortment Genetic crosses – Punnett squares Phenotype vs. Genotype Homozygous vs. Heterozygous Probability Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses Alternate patterns of inheritance Incomplete dominance Codominance Chapter 12 Chromosomes and inheritance in humans Sex determination Sex-linked inheritance Linkage groups and chromosome mapping Mutations Chromosome mutations (4 types) Gene mutations – Point vs. frameshift mutations Human inheritance patterns and disorders Pedigree charts Human genetic disorders (several) Chapter 10 Structure of DNA Shape Replication Structure of RNA RNA vs. DNA Types and functions Transcription – DNA mRNA Translation – RNA protein Chapter 13 DNA technology and manipulating genes Restriction enzymes Cloning vectors Making recombinant DNA Procedure Purposes DNA Technology techniques DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis Polymerase Chain Reaction Gene Therapy Human Genome Project Practical uses for DNA technology Human growth hormone and Insulin Cloning Stem cell research Chapter 14 Origins of Life Experiments done by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Oparin, Miller&Urey Formation of Earth*** Early Earth’s atmosphere*** Dating techniques Radioactive (Radiometric) and half-life Relative Formation of first organic compounds – Oparin, Miller and Urey*** Microspheres and coacervates*** First life forms and origins of heredity*** Role of RNA in formation of life*** Succession of life starting with prokaryotes*** Endosymbiosis*** Chapter 15 The fossil record Types Distribution Evidence Theories of evolution Lamarck and acquired characteristics Darwin His trip to the Galapagos His theories of descent with modification, natural selection Evidence for evolution Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures Embryology DNA Coevolution, Convergent evolution, Divergent evolution Chapter 16 Population genetics and variation Bell curve Gene pool and allele frequency – calculations Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium – 5 statements and calculations, equations Disrupting genetic Equilibrium Mutation Migration Genetic drift Nonrandom mating Natural selection – 3 types Stabilizing, directional and disruptive – examples and graphs Speciation Isolation Rates The Systems – Organs and Functions of each The digestive system – section 48-1 and 48-2 The Circulatory system – Section 46-1