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Find a new group Add a title page called EVOLUTION to your notebook Annotate article Get ready for entrance quiz AP Biology Finish graphing and writing Environment Predator Variation Competition Adaptation Offspring DNA Population Traits Survival Disturbance AP Biology Test Results AP Biology AP Biology Chapter 22~ Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life AP Biology Evolution Evolution: the change over time of the genetic composition of populations Natural selection: populations of organisms can change over the generations if individuals having certain heritable traits leave more offspring than others (differential reproductive success) Evolutionary adaptations: a prevalence of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms’ survival and AP Biology reproduction November 24, 1859 Triassic 225 280 Carboniferous 350 Devonian 400 Silurian 430 Ordovician 500 Cambrian 570 Ediacaran 700 Precambrian, Proterozoic, & Archarozoic 4500 AP Biology Life’s Natural History is a record of Successions & Extinctions Seed Plants Land Plants Birds Mammals Reptiles Insects Amphibians Teleost Fish Chordates Permian Flowering Plants 180 Dinosaurs Jurassic Jawless Fish 135 Arthropods Cretaceous Molluscs 63 Multicellular Animals Tertiary Green Algae 1.5 Photosynthetic Bacteria Quaternary Anaerobic Bacteria mya Evolutionary history Linnaeus: taxonomy Hutton: gradualism Lamarck: evolution Malthus: populations Cuvier: paleontology AP Biology Lyell: uniformitarianism Darwin: evolution Mendel: inheritance Wallace: evolution Charles Darwin 1809-1882 British naturalist Proposed the idea of evolution by natural selection Collected clear evidence to support his ideas AP Biology Voyage of the HMS Beagle Invited to travel around the world 1831-1836 (22 years old!) makes many observations of nature main mission of the Beagle was to chart South American coastline Stopped in Galapagos Islands 500 miles off coast of Ecuador AP Biology Darwin found… birds Collected many different birds on the Galapagos Islands. Thought he found Finch? very different kinds… AP Biology Sparrow? QuickTime™ and a Photo - JPEG decompressor are needed to see this picture. Woodpecker? Warbler? But Darwin found… a lot of finches Darwin was amazed to find out: All 14 species of birds were finches… But there is only one species of finch on the mainland! Finch? Sparrow? Large Ground Small Ground Finch? Sparrow? QuickTime™ and a Photo - JPEG decompressor Finch Finch are needed to see this picture. How did one species of finches become so many different species now? AP Biology Woodpecker? Warbler Finch Woodpecker? Warbler? Veg. Tree Finch Warbler? Darwin’s finches Differences in beaks associated with eating different foods survival & reproduction of beneficial adaptations to foods available on islands Warbler finch Cactus finch Woodpecker finch Sharp-beaked finch Small insectivorous tree finch Large insectivorous tree finch Small ground finch Cactus eater Medium ground finch Insect eaters Seed eaters Vegetarian tree finch AP Biology Bud eater Large ground finch Darwin’s finches Darwin’s conclusions small populations of original South American finches landed on islands variation in beaks enabled individuals to gather food successfully in the different environments over many generations, the populations of finches changed anatomically & behaviorally accumulation of advantageous traits in population emergence of different species AP Biology Seeing this gradation & diversity of structure in one small, intimately related group of birds, one might really fancy that from an original paucity of birds in this archipelago, one species has been taken & modified for different ends. AP Biology Darwin’s finches Differences in beaks allowed some finches to… successfully compete successfully feed successfully reproduce pass successful AP Biology traits onto their offspring More observations… Correlation of species to food source Whoa, Turtles, too! AP Biology Essence of Darwin’s ideas Natural selection variation exists in populations over-production of offspring more offspring than the environment can support competition for food, mates, nesting sites, escape predators differential survival successful traits = adaptations differential reproduction adaptations become more AP Biology common in population Dispatch What is your plan to bring up your grade in this class? Make a pile of lab books. PUT A POST IT WHERE I AM CORRECTING Take out ECOLOGY TEST and look at what you missed AP Biology AP Biology 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. B or E 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. E 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. E 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. E 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. E 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. C 34. C 35. B 36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. C 42. C 43. D or C 44. E 45. E 4 stations Fossils DNA Embryos Homologous Structures AP Biology