Download University of Victoria Faculty of Education School of Exercise

University of Victoria
Faculty of Education
School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education
EPHE 241 Introduction to Human Systemic Physiology
Former EPHE 241B
Calendar Description
Units: 1.5
Hours: 3-2
The study of the integrated functions of physiological systems with emphasis on the
nervous, endocrine, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Prerequisite: EPHE 141.
Textbook
Stanfield, C.L. (2011). Principles of Human Physiology (4th ed.). San Francisco:
Pearson, Benjamin Cummings.
Method of Instruction
Lecture, laboratory, self-directed readings and critical thinking tasks. This course has 3
hours a week lecture and 2 hours a week laboratory.
Moodle
Powerpoint slides of lectures will be made available on Moodle. These slides are
designed to supplement the lecture material and will not contain all the lecture
information and will not necessarily include all slides/material shown in class.
Evaluation:
• midterm examination 25%
• final examination
35%
• laboratory
40%
Percentage Grading (as set by University of Victoria effective May 1, 2012)
>90
85-89
80-84
A+
A
A-
77-79
73-76
70-72
B+
B
B-
65-69
60-64
51-59
C+
C
D
<50 F
Note: You must pass the laboratory portion of the course in order to write the final
exam.
2
Course Objectives
The Nervous System
• Describe the major components of the nervous system and the direction of
information flow within and among them.
• Describe the propagation of action potentials from axon hillock to axon terminal
and compare propagation in myelinated and unmyelinated axons.
• Identify the various properties of graded potentials, including direction of change
in potential, magnitude of change and temporal and spatial summation.
• Describe the communication across chemical synapses. Explain how
neurotransmitters are released and describe their actions after release.
• Name the major classes of neurotransmitters.
• Describe the function of sensory receptors and explain how they perform that
function.
• Identify the sensory transduction mechanism for each of the special senses.
• Describe the neural pathways of the different sensory systems from sensory
receptor to cerebral cortex.
The Muscular System
• Describe the sequence of events that occurs in the crossbridge cycle and relate
this sequence to the sliding-filament model of muscle contraction.
• Identify the various factors that affect the force of muscle contraction.
• Name the three types of skeletal muscle fibers and describe the major differences
among them.
• Describe the major characteristics of smooth and cardiac muscle and compare
these muscle types to skeletal muscle and each other.
The Endocrine System
• Name the primary and secondary endocrine glands and the hormones
associated with each
• Describe the links of the hypothalamus with the anterior and posterior pituitary
lobes
• Describe the role of tropic hormones in regulating the release of other hormones.
Include feedback oops in your description
• Describe the types of interactions between hormones acting on the same target
cell, including additive, synergistic, and permissive interactions.
The Respiratory System
• Describe the mechanics of breathing. Name the muscles of respiration.
• List the normal and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial and
mixed venous blood and explain how they contribute to the exchange of gases.
• Identify the neural mechanisms that establish the respiratory rhythm.
• Distinguish between the respiratory centers that establish the rhythm and those
that regulate the rhythm.
EPHE 241
3
• Explain the role of peripheral and central chemoreceptors in the control of
ventilation.
The Cardiovascular System
• Explain the following events in the cardiac cycle: changes in ventricular, aortic and
atrial pressure; changes in ventricular volume; and heart sounds.
• Trace the path of action potentials through the conduction system of the heart and
relate the heart’s electrical activity to its pumping action.
• Explain how each of the following variables affects cardiac output: sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous activity, circulating epinephrine, afterload, preload,
end-diastolic volume, ventricular contractility and filling time.
• Describe the physics of blood flow through blood vessels. Explain the concepts of
pressure gradients and resistance.
• Explain the role of arterioles in varying resistance. Describe how intrinsic control
of vascular resistance regulated blood flow to organs. Explain the role of
extrinsic control of arteriole radius in determining mean arterial pressure.
• Explain how mean arterial pressure influences blood flow to individual organs and
to the entire systemic circuit, and identify the factors that determine mean arterial
pressure.
• Describe what the arterial baroreceptor is and explain how it regulates mean
arterial pressure.
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Acid-Base Balance
• Explain the concept of balance
• Describe how aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide regulate plasma sodium
levels.
• Explain the role of aldosterone in potassium balance
• Describe the major hormone systems that regulate calcium balance.
• Describe the various factors that influence acid-base balance
• Explain how buffers in the blood, the actions of the respiratory system and the
kidneys compensate for acid-base disturbance.
Course Schedule
Date
Week 1 (Thu)
Topic
Introduction to course, readings and laboratory
Week 2 (Mon) Basic Concepts in Physiology
•
organization
•
homeostasis
•
cellular transport [a review]
EPHE 241
Text Readings
2-17
94-125
4
Weeks 2, 3 & The Nervous System
4
•
overview and basic concepts
(Thu/Mon/Thu
bioelectricity & potentials (on your own)
/Mon)
•
synapses and neural integration
•
integrated CNS function:
•
reflexes
•
voluntary motor control
•
sensory physiology
Weeks 4, 5, &
6
(Thu/Mon/Thu
/Mon/Thu)
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
The Muscular System
• overview
• contraction of skeletal muscle
• factors affecting the force of contraction
• comparisons between skeletal, smooth and
cardiac muscle
Family Day – no class
Midterm Exam
Reading Break
The Endocrine System
The Respiratory System
Week 11 & 12 The Cardiovascular System
•
overview
•
the blood
•
the heart as a pump
•
cardiac output and its control
•
regulation of arterial blood pressure and flow
Week 13
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance/ Acid-Base
Balance
The Whole Body: Integrated Physiological
Responses to Exercise
Week 14
Review
EPHE 241
166-195
196-214
216-219
236-242
252-269
284-295
322-334
334-350
350-359
150-165
475-480
491-498
436-450
360-382
383-394
396-434