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Human Growth Study Guide Test 1 1. The term teratogen refers to which of the following: -a toxic agent of any kind that can cause abnormalities in the developing embryo/fetus -a drug (legal or illegal) that can cause abnormalities in the developing embryo/fetus -an environmental pollutant that potentially cause abnormalities in the developing embryo/fetus 2. How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell? -46 -23 -92 -12 3. A person who studies the processes involved in human development is call a? -pediatrician -developmental psychologists -pediatric nurse -school psychologist 4. Which of the following disorders is not associated with mental retardation? -cystic fibrosis -Down Syndrome -Fragile X syndrome -Prader-Willi Syndrome 5. Which of the following approaches was that used by Sigmund Freud? -Psychosexual approach -psychodynamic approach -evolutionary approach -behavioral approach 6. What disorder is caused by the abnormal shape of red blood cells? -Tay-Sachs disease -PKU -sickle-cell anemia -cystic fibrosis 7. The fetal period of development occurs during which of the following? -9 through 38 weeks -39 through 52 weeks -2 through 8 weeks -conception through 2 weeks 8. Which of the following is not one of the bases of DNA? -thymine -nucleases -adenine cytosine 9. The study of patterns of animal behavior that is guided by instinct, is referred to as? -ethology -development -biology learning 10. Which of the following aspects of the newborn’s functioning is NOT assessed in the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale? -eating -sleeping and waking -moving -responding to sound 11. A mother and a father have four children (biological not adopted). All four children have blue eyes. Which of the following statements must be true? -both parents have blue eyes -each parent has brown eyes, but also has a recessive gene for blue eyes -one parent has blue eyes, and other has brown eyes, with a recessive gene for blue eyes -both parents have brown eyes, but only one has a recessive gene for blue eyes 12. The use of a word, picture, gesture, or other sign to represent past and present events, experiences, and concepts is evidence of? -adaptation -deferred imitation -symbolic representation -habituation 13. The view that by observing the behavior of others and the resulting consequences can influence our own behavior is known as? -classical conditioning -operant conditioning -epigenetic principle -social learning theory 14. According to Erik Erikson, there are _________ stages of human development. -3 -8 -6 -2 15. When developmental researchers consider periods of development arranged according to age, they are taking which type of approach? -transitional -chronological -traditional -critical 16. Which of the following substances when used by pregnant women has NOT been associated with fetal abnormalities? -tobacco -alcohol -cocaine -all are associated with fetal abnormalities 17. Growth in height would be an example of? -maturation -assimilation -accommodation -enculturation 18. Tom and Forrest are dizygotic twins. Therefore, they: -come from different environments -share the same genotype -are no more alike than any other two siblings -resulted from the division of a single fertilized ovum 19. According to Freud, the part of the human mind concerned with following the rules of society and may experience feelings of guilt when one violates social norms: -id -superego -ego libido 20. Defects in the sex chromosomes may involve any of the following except: -the presence of autosomes -the absence or inactivity of a chromosome -chromosomal breakage -the presence of extra chromosomes 21. The sickle-cell trait is an example of: -dominance -incomplete dominance -codominance -recessive alleles 22. A high school student who sucks his or her thumb when stressed is an example of? -Bandura’s notion of social learning -Freud’s notion of a fixation -Piaget’s notion of accommodation -Darwin’s notion of natural selection 23. Studies of twins show that similarity in activity level and sociability: -does not occur -diminishes in adolescence -diminishes in later adulthood -lasts a lifetime 24. When does the brain growth spurt occur in children? -the first month after birth -the first 2 years -between the 1st and 2nd year of life -the month before birth 25. Which of the following is not part of the social context for a given individual? -peers -family -culture -genes 26. If a disorder is caused by a recessive gene carried by both parents, what percent of their children would be expected to inherit the disorder? -0 percent -25 percent -50 percent -75 percent 27. Exposure to toxins during weeks 3 to 5 during a pregnancy may result in which of the following types of defect? -brain -genitalia -heart -ears 28. The child is able to use a pincer grasp, with thumb opposing the forefinger, around the age of? -not until 18 months -not until 6 months -not until 12 months -not until 24 months 29. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development focus on: -a hierarchy of needs -infancy and childhood developmental needs -conflicts throughout the lifespan -pleasurable erogenous zones 30. Which of the following is NOT a sex-linked disorder?” -hemophilia -Down Syndrome -Fragile X Syndrome -color blindness 31. Chomsky’s term for an innate set of mental structures that aid children in language learning. -receptive language -the glia -plasticity -language acquisition device (LAD) 32. Dr. Mariano is designing an instrument to measure the musical preference of college students. The students will be asked to respond to a printed list of questions. Dr. Marciano is conducting a: -survey -case study -naturalistic observation -psychological test 33. The view of language acquisition proposed by _______assumes that children are biologically pre-wired to learn language. -Jean Piaget -Noam Chomsky -T. Brazelton -Arnold Gesell 34. Which of the following refers to the basic developmental process in the individual those changes as a result of experience or practice? -maturation -aging -growth -learning 35. A healthy fetus reaches viability at? -24 weeks -48 weeks 36. Children with marasmus have a diet that is deficient in? -carbohydrates -fats -both protein and total calories -6 weeks -12 weeks -both carbohydrates and total calories 37. A procedure in which individual genes are repaired or substituted to correct defects is called? -behavioral genetics -gene therapy -amniocentesis -cloning 38. According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, what stage of development would a child who is entering school be starting? -industry vs. inferiority -initiative vs. guilt -intimacy vs. isolation -ego identity vs. ego diffusion 39. The tendency to assume that one’s own beliefs are normal and those of others are abnormal is referred to as? - socialization -ethnocentrism -indoctrination -cohesion 40. The chance that a child is born with Down Syndrome has been shown to be related to which of the following: -mother’s age -parents’ ethnic background -father’s age -mother’s age 41. Pregnant mothers who are malnourished are at increased risk of having a baby with which of the following problems? -heart disease -deformed genitalia -hyperactivity -deformed eyes 42. Infants begin to engage in social games, such as peek-a-boo, bye-bye, and patty-cake at around what age? -8 months -2 months -12 months -4 months 43. During the phallic stage, pleasure is focused on what body part? -genitals -mouth -hand -anus 44. The teeth form under the gums of the unborn embryo/fetus around this week of the pregnancy? -not until after birth -24th -32nd -12th 45. A researcher studies a group of 1-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and 7-year-olds for one day, and compares the different age groups in terms of their independence. What time-associated design is the researcher using? -sequential -cross-sectional -age cohort -longitudinal 46. A researcher studies how the children receive on a spelling test are affected by the amount of food they ate for lunch. What is the independent variable? -amount of food eaten for lunch -words on the spelling test -scores on the spelling test -children’s age 47. Developmental neuroscience looks at the role that ____ play (s) in development. -biological brain processes -accommodation -genetics self-actualization 48. Traditional childbirth is typically done? -at home -in a hospital -in a birthing center -any of the above 49. The procedure referred to as the amniocentesis is not performed until this week of pregnancy? -20th -24th -32nd -15th 50. Down Syndrome becomes progressively more common as the? -mother’s age increases -number of prior pregnancies increases -number of prior children increases -father’s age increases