Download Ivan, 9.17.04 4:15 pm EDT Hurricane Ike Storm

Tropical Cyclones
Chapter 11
Meteorology 1010
Professor Bunds
Utah Valley University
typhoons
hurricanes
cyclones
Tropical Cyclone Naming, Paths and
Seasons
Paths of All Tropical Cyclones 1985 - 2005
Hurricane Air
Flow
Upper Level Hurricane Air Flow
Hurricane Rankings
SaffirSimpson
Category
Maximum sustained wind
speed
Minimu
m
surface
pressure
Storm surge
mph
m/s
kts
mb
ft
m
1
74-95
33-42
64-82
greater
than 980
3-5
1.0-1.7
2
96-110
43-49
83-95
979-965
6-8
1.8-2.6
3
111-130
50-58
96-113
964-945
9-12
2.7-3.8
4
131-155
59-69
114-135
944-920
13-18
3.9-5.6
5
156+
70+
136+
less
than 920
19+
5.7+
Hurricane Formation
• Powered largely by warm water
• Hurricanes are most common late summer
to fall – ‘hurricane season’
– Varies by region
• Weaken over land
– Usually weaken as they approach coastline
also
• Form near but not over equator, given
proper conditions (next slide)
Ingredients for Hurricane Formation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Warm water – at least 80oF
Relatively cool air at altitude
Relatively moist air at moderate altitude (3
miles up)
At least 300 miles from the equator
Little wind shear between surface and upper
air (6 miles up)
Divergence aloft
A trigger – e.g., big thunderstorms
Hurricane Hazards
• Storm Surge
– On average, the biggest threat to life and
property
• Winds
• Flooding from extreme precipitation
– Can cause major problems far inland
Galveston
Hurricane, 1900
> 10,000 fatalities,
worst natural
disaster in U.S.
history
Storm
Surge
Tropical Cyclone
Winds & Storm Surge
Hurricane Ike Storm Surge
September 2008
Hurricane Ivan
10 am Friday
Link to visible loop
Hurricane Ivan
Link to visible loop
10 am Friday
Hurricane Ivan 1:45pm Thursday
Hurricane Ivan 1:45pm Thursday
link to infrared loop
Hurricane
Ivan 9:45pm
Friday
link to infrared loop
Hurricane Ivan 9:45pm Friday
link to infrared loop
Link to visible loop
Link to IR loop
Ivan, 9.15.04 11:15 am EDT
Ivan, 9.15.04 10:45 am EDT
Mississippi Delta
Mississippi ‘wants’ to
follow course of
Atchafalaya River
Active Lobe
~ 500 years old
Mississippi River Delta
Ivan, 9.17.04 4:15 pm EDT
Hurricane Ike Storm Surge
September 2008
Path of hurrican and locations of tidal gauges that recorded
storm surge, as shown on following slides
This and following photos are of Galveston, TX, and nearby areas
Houston, TX
High Island, Texas
Gilchrist,
Texas
Orange, Texas