Download Ch. 4 Part 3 - MrsSconyersAnatomy

Ch. 4 Part 3
Connective tissues
Connective Tissue
• Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in
the body
• Functions:
– Binds together, supports and strengthens other body
tissues
– Protects and insulates internal organs
– Compartmentalizes structures such as skeletal
muscles
– Serves as major transport system within the body
– Primary location of stored energy reserves
– Main source of immune responses
Connective Tissue
• Consists of 2 basic elements
• Extracellular matrix
– Material located between its widely spaced cells
– Consists of protein fibers and ground substance
– Usually determines characteristics (ex: bone –
hard and inflexible)
• Cells
Connective Tissue Cells
• Vocab
– Blast = to bud or sprout (immature cells)
• Fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast
– Cyte (mature cells)
• Chondrocyte, osteocyte
- “blast gives rise to cyte”
Connective Tissue Cells
• Macrophages
– Irregular shape with short branches
– Where: wandering and fixed (lungs, spleen)
– Function: engulf bacteria and cellular debris
• Fibroblasts
– Large, flat cells with branches
– Where: several types of tissue
– Function: migrate through C. T. secreting fibers
Connective Tissue Cells
• Plasma cells
– Small
– Where: most places, especially gastrointestinal
and respiratory tracts
– Function: secrete antibodies for immune response
• Mast cells
– Where: alongside blood vessels
– Function: produce histamine for inflammatory
response; can bind to and kill bacteria
Connective Tissue Cells
• Adipocytes
– Also called fat or adipose cells
– Where: deep to skin and around organs
– Function: store triglycerides (fats) as energy
• White blood cells
– Not normally in C. T. but can migrate there in
response to infection
Connective Tissue Cells
Checkpoint
• In what ways do connective tissues differ from
epithelia?
• What are the features of the cells of
connective tissue?
Extracellular Matrix
• Two major components
• Ground substance
– Component of C. T. between cells and fibers
• Fibers
– Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers
Connective Tissue Types
• Embryonic – we will not study
• Mature – we will study
– Loose
• Areolar, adipose
– Dense
– Cartilage
• Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
– Bone
– Liquid
• Blood
Mature Connective Tissue Types
• Areolar C. T.
– Contains: fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast
cells, adipocytes, white blood cells, collagen fibers, elastic
fibers, and reticular fibers
– Where: form subcutaneous layer – attaches skin to
underlying tissues
• Adipose
–
–
–
–
Single cells filled up with single, large triglyceride droplet
Cytoplasm and nucleus pushed aside
Found everywhere areolar is found
Requires blood flow – heavier = more blood vessels = high
blood pressure
Areolar
Adipose
Mature Connective Tissue Types
• Cartilage
– Collagen and elastic fibers in a gel-like substance
– Can endure stress
– Chondrocytes – mature cartilage cells; occur singly
or in groups within lacunae
– Has no blood supply – heals poorly after injury
– 3 types – hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
Cartilage
Mature Connective Tissue Types
• Bone
– Also called osseous tissue
– Includes marrow, endosteum, periosteum
– Basic unit of compact bone is osteon or Haversian
system
• Blood
– Consists of: plasma, red blood cells, white blood
cells, platelets
Bone
Blood
Checkpoint
• Describe the following:
– Areolar connective tissue
– Adipose tissue
– Cartilage
– Bone tissue
– Blood tissue