Download HighFour Biology Round 4 Category C: Grades 9 – 10 Tuesday

HighFour Biology Category C: Grades 9 – 10 Round 4 Tuesday, December 6, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer#1: Explanation: Answer #2: Explanation: Answer #3: Explanation: Answer #4: Explanation: Answer #5: Explanation: budding Budding is a form asexual reproduction in which outgrowths from the parent form and pinch off to live independently or remain attached to form extensive colonies. Cambrian explosion The Cambrian explosion is a relatively brief time in geologic history around 535-­‐525 million years ago, which saw the emergence of the first large, hard-­‐bodied animals. thermocline A thermocline is a narrow stratum of abrupt temperature change in the ocean and many temperate-­‐zone lakes. character displacement Character displacement is the tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species. Basidiomycota Members of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota are called club fungus. The name originated from the club-­‐like shape of the basidium. HighFour Biology Category C: Grades 9 – 10 Round 4 Tuesday, December 6, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer #6: Explanation: Answer #7: Explanation: Answer #8: Explanation: Answer #9: Explanation: Answer #10: Explanation: bioinformatics Bioinformatics is the use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets. associative learning Associative learning is the acquired ability to associate one environmental feature (such as color) with another (such as danger). body plan In multicellular eukaryotes, the body plan is the set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into the living organism. threatened species A threatened species is a species considered likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. carpel The carpel is the ovule-­‐producing reproductive organ of a flower. It consists of the stigma, style, and ovary. HighFour Biology Category C: Grades 9 – 10 Round 4 Tuesday, December 6, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer #11: Explanation: Answer #12: Explanation: Answer #13: Explanation: Answer #14: Explanation: Answer #15: Explanation: bottleneck effect Bottleneck effect is the genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, such as in the event of a natural disaster or human actions. The surviving population is typically no longer genetically representative of the original population. coral reef A coral reef is a warm-­‐water, tropical ecosystem dominated by the hard skeletal structures secreted primarily by corals. Some coral reefs also exist in cold, deep waters. cnidocyte A cnidocyte is a specialized cell unique to the phylum Cnidaria. It contains a capsule-­‐like organelle housing a coiled thread that explodes outward and functions in prey capture or defense. biological augmentation Biological augmentation is an approach in restoration ecology that uses organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem. territoriality Territoriality is a behavior in which an animal defends a bounded physical space against intrusion by other individuals, usually of its own species. HighFour Biology Category C: Grades 9 – 10 Round 4 Tuesday, December 6, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer #16: Explanation: Answer #17: Answer #18: Explanation: Answer #19: Explanation: Answer #20: Explanation: primitive streak The primitive streak is a thickening along the future anterior-­‐posterior axis on the surface of an early avian or mammalian embryo. It is caused by the piling up of cells as they gather at the midline before moving into the embryo. relative fitness Explanation: Relative fitness is the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals in the population. spatial learning Spatial learning is the establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure. Archaeplastida Archaeplastida is one of the super groups of eukaryotes in the proposed hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. This monophyletic group consists of the red algae, green algae, and the land plants. visceral mass The visceral mass is one of the three main parts of a mollusc and it contains most of the internal organs.