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Dictionary for Abbreviation: WWW inventor Tim Berners-Lee Akamai—Hawaiian for intelligent and clever and informally cool. global internet content delivery (world-wide wait) ADSL AES Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (Dnload 8Mb, Up800Kb) Advanced Encryption Standard (Belgium, Rijndael encryption algorithm) US Dept Commerce announced 10/2/2000.Will replace DES (data encryption standard. Rijndael was developed by Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen of Proton World International and Vincent Rijmen of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Each candidate algorithm was required to support key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. They were evaluated for the strength of their security as well as for their speed and versatility across a variety of computer platforms. According to NIST, Rijndael was selected because it had the best combination of security, performance, efficiency, implementability and flexibility. A technical analysis of the AES candidates is posted on NIST's Web site. http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption/aes/ Singh 12 日將 1 萬英鎊(15,000 美元)的獎金頒給由 Fredrik Almgren 為首的瑞典密碼破解小組 時說:「這是歷來被破解的密碼中,難度最高的。」 Almgren 從事網際網路安全工作,他與軟 體開發人員 Torbjorn Granlund,以及三位來自斯德哥爾摩皇家技術學院的電腦高手共同研究密碼 破解之道。 AGCT APIA APNG APNIC APTLD ARP Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine—four nucleotide bases Asia & Pacific Internet Association Asia Pacific Networking Group Asia Pacific Network Information Center Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. ARM ASO ASP ATM AWT Beowulf Address Support Organization (See DNSO, PSO) Active Server Pages (Server side scripting environment) Asynchronous Transfer Mode Abstract Windows Toolkit a kind of high-performance massively parallel computer built primarily out of commodity hardware components, running a free-software operating system like Linux or FreeBSD, interconnected by a private high-speed network. It consists of a cluster of PCs or workstations dedicated to running high-performance computing tasks. The nodes in the cluster don't sit on people's desks; they are dedicated to running cluster jobs. It is usually connected to the outside world through only a single node. BIND BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain (is vulnerable in older versions) Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (blueprint WORLDWIDE, a non-profit organization by IBM and MDS proteomics, will maintain) New Company Founded by IBM and MDS Proteomics will Help Accelerate Drug Discovery with the World's Most Comprehensive Collection of Biomolecular Data BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BGP Border Gateway Protocol Bluetooth (Harald Bluetooth, King of Norway..) 2.45GHz, 10m-100m 1Mb/sec, 1998 Wireless IEEE802.11 C4ISR Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillence, Reconnaissance 指管通資情監偵 CBETA CCIRN CcTLD CDMA CDE CDN CDSP CDWA CIDR CIMI CIX Cookie Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association Coordinating Committee for Inter-Continental Research Networking Country Code Top Level Domain Code Division Multiple Access (See also TDMA) Cash, Distribution,Engineering Content Delivery Network Content Delivery Service Provider (Akamai e.g.) Categories for the Description of Works of Art Classless Inter-Domain Routing Consortium for Computer Interchange of Museum Information Commercial Internet Exchange A cookie is a way for web sites to recognize whether or not you have visited the site before. It is a piece of data given to a browser by a web server, so that the browser will hand it back to the server on subsequent visits. Bank One uses cookies in places where you need to register, such as Bank One OnLine Services, or where you are able to customize the information you see. Recording a cookie at such points makes your online experience easier and more personalized. CNRI Corporation for National Research Initiatives GHR Global Handle Registry CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture COTS Commodity off the shelf CRM CSCW CSDGM CSS Customer Relationship Management Computer-Supported Cooperative Work Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Cascading Style Sheets (adding style to web document) W3C.org See XSL DARPA DDOS DHCP DICOM DES DMCA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DMZ DNSO DTD DWDM EAD EBTI ECAI EIP ENUM ERP ESP EST ETSI EXIF FDDI FGDC FMC GILS GPRS GRE GSM Distributed Denial-of-Service attack Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine Data Encryption Standard ( Kerberos MIT) Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which bars companies from distributing technology that can bypass copyright protection measures. DeMilitarized Zone Domain Name Support Organization (See ASO, PSO) Document Type Description (CommerceNet Co.) Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Encoded Archival Description Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative Enterprise Information Portal tElephone Number Mapping services (resolution) mapping to DNS address Enterprise Resource Planning Encapsulating Security Payload (3 main components of IPSec: Key Management-security association, Authentication Header, and ESP) Expressed Sequence Tags single pass cDNA sequences European Telecommunication Standard Institute Exchangeable Image File Format Fiber Distributed Data Interface Federal Geographic Data Committee Fixed-Mobile Convergence Government Information Locator Service General Packet Radio Service Generic Routing Encapsulation (one of main tunneling protocols: IPsec, PPTP, L2TP and GRE) Global System for Mobile Communication HTTP HUGO HGNC ICANN ICMP ICR IDE IDNS IETF Hypertext Transfer Protocol Human Genome Organization HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/ International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Internet Control Message Protocol Intelligent Character Recognition Integrated Development Environment Internationalized Domain Name System Internet Engineering Task Force--a volunteer organization which defines protocols for use on the Internet IETM Interactive Electronic Technical Manual IMLS Institute of Museum and Library Services IP-RAN IP based Radio Access Network IPSEC IP security Protocol ISOC Internet Society ISUP Signaling system 7 ISDN User Part ITSEC Information Tech. Security Evaluation and Certification Scheme ITU International Telecommunication Union JDK Java Development Kit JFC/Swing Java Foundation Classes JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group JSDT Java Shared Data Toolkit J2ME platform JavaTM 2 Platform, Micro Edition http://java.sun.com/j2me/ J2SE (standard edition) J2EE (enterprise edition) LAPDm Link Access Protocol for Dm channel LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (both control/data packet thru UDP) cf. PPTP control packet via TCP, data packet uses GRE via IP LOM Learning Object Metadata http://ltsc.ieee.org/doc/wg12/LOM-WD3.htm MAC Media Access Control address MARC MAchine Readable Cataloging MCU Multipoint Conferencing Unit Megaco Media Gateway control MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a music industry standard communications protocol that lets MIDI instruments and sequencers (or computers running sequencer software) talk to each other to play and record music. MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions: S/MIME(Secure) MIME extends the format of Internet mail to allow non-US-ASCII textual messages, non-textual messages, multipart message bodies, and non-US-ASCII information in message http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/MIME/MIME.html MMS MPEG MINC MTBF MRP NAP NARA NCSA Multimedia Messaging Service (Nokia) Moving Picture Experts Group Multilingual Internet Names Consortium Mean Time Between Failures Material Requirement Planning Network Access Point NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure NPACI New Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, UCSD Another PACI program center, develops a knowledge-based Info. Infrastructure to link HPComputers, data servers and archival storage systems, providing access to distributed computing power and info. resources. Network Information Center National Infrastructure Protection Center 155M OC12 622M OC48 2.4G OC192 9.6G OC768 40G Optical Character Recognition Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development Ontology Inference Layer is obviously a semantic web technology, and NIC NPIC OC3 OCR OECD OIL National Archives and Records Administration National Computational Science Alliance (formerly National Center for Supercomputing Applications) one of the two knowledge centers under the new PACI program (to build a national technology grid, integrating instruments, computers, communications and databases via Internet (&NGI) to form a powerful PSE and collaborative scientific experiments.) according to the OIL FAQ OIL is intended to solve the findability problem, support e-commerce, and enable knowledge management http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tmrdfoildaml.html OLE Object Link and Embedding: OLE Automation allows applications to communicate, exchange data, and control one another. It allows a client application to create and control an object, using the exposed object's interface. An Automation object is an object that is exposed to other applications or programming tools through Automation interfaces. PACI Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure NSF 1997 PACS Picture Archiving Communication System PAP Password Authentication Protocol PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PCS Personal Communication System PDA Personal Digital Assistant PDF Portable Document Format PDM Product Data Management PDU Protocol Data Unit PGP Pretty Good Privacy (secure and signed E-mail transmission) Philip Zimmermann, the inventor of the encryption protocol, left Network Associates and joins Hush Communication, Dublin-Ireland based. PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor - free server-side HTML embedded scripting language. PLMN Public Land for Mobile Networks PICS Platform for Internet Content Selection PKI Public Key Infrastructure PLM Product Lifecycle Management POP Point of Presence POS Packet over SONET PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PSO Protocol Support Organization (See ASO, DNSO) PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PTO Public Telecommunications Operator PWM Pulse Width Modulation www.instantweb.com/o/oddparts/acsi/defines/pwm.htm P3P Platform for Privacy Preferences Project RDF Resource Description Framework An infrastructure that enables the encoding, exchange and reuse of structured metadata (D-Lib magazine, May 1998, www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html An application of XML that imposes structural constraints to provide unambiguous methods of expressing semantics. (Defines a resource as any object uniquely identifiable by a URI-uniform resource identifier) RPM Regenerative Power & Motion (http://home.earthlink.net/~fradella/homepage.htm) RTR Response Time Reporter (Cisco’s tool incorporated in hardware OS) RTR has a number of capabilities, but in essence what it does is send out network echo response packets, gathers the response information and then provides a basic report. It's also possible to measure jitter (variations in the timing between electronic pulses that can introduce errors), variation in delay and packet loss across the network, as well as create custom packets that mimic the behaviour of traffic generated by specific applications. RSI Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)。中文釋為重複施緊傷害。 RSVP SAP SAP SAS SCM SCORM Resource Reservation Protocol Service Access Points Systems, Applications, Products in Data Processing. Subscribers’ Auditing System Supply Chain Management Shareable Content Object Reference Model Initiative http://xml.coverpages.org/scorm.html SDH SEER SET SGML SIP SMIL SNP Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Scholars Engaged in Electronic Resources Secure Electronic Transaction Standard Generalized Markup Language Session Initiation Protocol ENUM Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (W3C) 1.0 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (for use in Mapping genetic distinctions) SNP Security Network Protocols developed by Chiao Tung Univ. SOHO Small Office Home Office SOP Standards of Procedure SS7 common channel signaling system #7 (or C7) SSO Single Sign On SSL Secure Sockets Layer STARTAP Science, Technology and Research Transit Access Point STS Sequence of Tagged Sites (STS content mapping) http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/94SANTA/informatics/alizadeh.html STM Synchronous Transfer Mode SVG scalable vector graphics http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/ (Available as: PDF, zip archive of HTML) SyncML SyncML is intended as a common language which enables the smooth and efficient synchronization of personal and business information over fixed or mobile networks. Its aim is to facilitate the synchronization of networked information with various devices running SyncML compatible applications. (NoKia) UMLS TDMA TEI UCAID Unified Medicine Language System (National Library of Medicine) Time Division Multiple Access (See also CDMA) Text Encoding Initiative University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (Internet 2) complements NGI UPS Uninterruptible Power Supplies VBNS very high speed Backbone Network Service VAI VBNS Approved Institution VPI VBNS Partner Institution VRML Virtual Reality Markup (Modeling) Language W3C World Wide Web Consortium WAP Wireless Application Protocol WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing WfMC Workflow Management Coalition http://www.wfmc.org/ WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WML Wireless Markup Language (a compressed XML) WSP Wireless Service Provider XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language XML Extensible Markup Language XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language (W3C) An XSL sheet and automatically generate a table of contents by Extracting all chapter titles from a document. (transform document Structure) see CSS XSLT XSL Transformation Anyone using XML can now take advantage of XSLT, a powerful new tool for manipulating, converting or styling documents, XPath adds a simple way of referring to parts of an XML document. Together, they strike a fine balance between simplicity of use and underlying power." YAC Yeast Artificial Chromosome library http://www.cephb.fr/ceph_yac.html