Download Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems

Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 1 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
VIDEO SUMMARY
This video presents an inside look at the cardiovascular system, with images showing the
interior of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is essentially a muscle that functions as a very
powerful pump. It pumps blood throughout the body, first into the lungs, then back through
the heart, and then out to all parts of the body. The oxygen from the blood provides fuel for the
muscles and organs within the body.
Click here to watch video; 00:01:10
Discussion Questions
Show the video for Lesson 1. Then guide students in discussing their responses to these
questions.
1. Where is the heart located inside the chest cavity? Based on the functions of the
cardiovascular system, why does this location make sense?
The heart is located between the lungs, which makes sense because it pumps blood in a
circuit through the lungs and around the body.
2. Why is it important to understand that your heart is a muscle? What does that fact tell you
about how you can protect the health of your heart?
Just like other muscles in the body, the heart can be strengthened with exercise or damaged
with unhealthful behaviors.
3. Based on the information in the video, what risks do you think smoking and exposure to
secondhand smoke pose to the health of your cardiovascular system?
Smoking makes the heart and lungs less able to circulate oxygen throughout the body, which
means that the muscles and organs receive less fuel.
Create
Advocacy This skill calls for the use of persuasion to promote positive health choices personally
and for others.
Have students work with partners or in small groups to plan and make a model or a diagram
showing the essential features of the cardiovascular system. Explain that this model or diagram
should be appropriate for introducing the cardiovascular system to children in the early grades
of elementary school. Have group members practice explaining their model or diagram. Then, if
possible, have students present their projects to younger children at a local elementary school.
•
Visit the Texas Heart Institute for links to detailed diagrams of the heart and blood vessels.
•
This article at KidsHealth.org explains why secondhand smoke is dangerous and what teens
can do to avoid it.
Go to Fitness Zone Online for additional fitness activities,
videos, and podcasts.
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 15
WEB LINKS AND ADDITIONAL GLENCOE RESOURCES
Name _________________________________________ Date _______________ Class ____________
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 1 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
VIDEO SUMMARY
This video presents an inside look at the cardiovascular system, with images showing
the interior of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is essentially a muscle that
functions as a very powerful pump. It pumps blood throughout the body, first into the
lungs, then back through the heart, and then out to all parts of the body. The oxygen
from the blood provides fuel for the muscles and organs within the body.
After you have watched the video, write your responses to these questions.
1.
Where is the heart located inside the chest cavity? Based on the functions of the
cardiovascular system, why does this location make sense?
2.
Why is it important to understand that your heart is a muscle? What does that fact
tell you about how you can protect the health of your heart?
3.
Based on the information in the video, what risks do you think smoking and exposure
to secondhand smoke pose to the health of your cardiovascular system?
Chapter 15
00
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 2 The Respiratory System
VIDEO SUMMARY
Our lungs, the central organs of the respiratory system, are cleverly designed to get rid of the
carbon dioxide that we do not need and exchange it for the oxygen that we do need. The lungs
wrap around the heart and take up most of the room in the chest, and each lung is divided into
lobes. The air we breathe goes through the trachea and into the lungs, moving down smaller
and smaller tubes. It is essential to keep these tubes clear to avoid the risk of infection.
Click here to watch video; 00:02:45
Discussion Questions
Show the video for Lesson 2. Then guide students in discussing their responses to these
questions.
1. The narrator of the video mentions one reason that most of us no longer have clean, pink
lungs. What is that reason? What can you do to protect your lungs from that problem?
Many of us live in cities, where we are exposed to pollutants in the air. To protect your lungs,
try to minimize your exposure to pollutants like vehicle exhaust.
2. What other factors pose risks to the health of your lungs? What can you do to reduce or
avoid those risks?
Smoking also poses serious risks to the health of your lungs. Do not use tobacco products,
and avoid contact with secondhand smoke as often as possible.
3. How can regular and careful hand washing help protect the health of your lungs?
Regular hand washing minimizes the risk of spreading bacteria that could cause respiratory
infections.
Role-Play
Refusal Skills This skill involves strategies to refuse behaviors that may put one’s health at risk.
Avoiding tobacco use is one of the most important steps teens can take to protect the health of
their respiratory systems. Have students meet in groups to practice using refusal skills to say no to
tobacco. Ask students to perform their skits for the class, then lead a discussion about other ways to
protect the health of the respiratory system.
WEB LINKS AND ADDITIONAL GLENCOE RESOURCES
This article on the American Lung Association Web site shows a detailed diagram of the
respiratory system, with a brief explanation of each part.
•
Asthma is an inflammatory condition in which the tubes in the lungs become inflamed, causing
difficulty breathing. This article at KidsHealth.org gives specific suggestions for managing
asthma successfully.
Go to Fitness Zone Online for additional fitness activities,
videos, and podcasts.
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 15
•
Name _________________________________________ Date _______________ Class ____________
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 2 The Respiratory System
VIDEO SUMMARY
Our lungs, the central organs of the respiratory system, are cleverly designed to get
rid of the carbon dioxide that we do not need and exchange it for the oxygen that we
do need. The lungs wrap around the heart and take up most of the room in the chest,
and each lung is divided into lobes. The air we breathe goes through the trachea and
into the lungs, moving down smaller and smaller tubes. It is essential to keep these
tubes clear to avoid the risk of infection.
After you have watched the video, write your responses to these questions.
1.
The narrator of the video mentions one reason that most of us no longer have clean, pink
lungs. What is that reason? What can you do to protect your lungs from that problem?
2.
What other factors pose risks to the health of your lungs? What can you do to reduce
or avoid those risks?
3.
How can regular and careful hand washing help protect the health of your lungs?
Chapter 15
00
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 3 The Digestive System
VIDEO SUMMARY
The digestive system goes to work even before you take your first bite of food. If you are hungry
and you see or smell food, automatic signals release saliva in the mouth and digestive juices
in the stomach. Carbohydrates begin to be absorbed in the mouth, but most digestion begins
when the chewed food reaches the stomach. In the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed into
the blood supply. The nutrient-rich blood is filtered by the liver and then circulated throughout
the body.
Click here to watch video; 00:02:27
Discussion Questions
Show the video for Lesson 3. Then guide students in discussing their responses to these
questions.
1. What causes the “tummy rumble” mentioned in the video?
Signals from the brain cause your stomach to contract and release acids and enzymes.
2. According to the video, how many fruits and vegetables should you eat each day? How
does fruit juice fit into the daily requirements for fruits and vegetables?
You should eat five servings of fruits and vegetables every day, but fruit juice in any quantity
only counts as one serving.
3. How does the fiber found in whole fruits and vegetables aid in digestion?
Fiber cannot be digested, but it helps to move wastes along the digestive system.
4. What do you do—or could you do—to include the recommended amount of fruits and
vegetables in your daily diet?
Answers will vary.
Survey
Decision Making This skill requires speculation into the future based on a particular action.
As a class, have students create a survey about food choices and eating habits. Surveys should
include questions about fruit and vegetable consumption, meal frequency, and overall digestive
health. Allow participants to respond anonymously to the surveys. When surveys are returned,
have students form groups and discuss how food choices and eating habits affect the health of the
digestive system.
•
This article at KidsHealth.org gives an overview of the structure and function of the digestive
system. It also includes information about possible problems with the digestive system.
•
Some teens find it challenging to include five fruits and vegetables in their daily diets. This article
at KidsHealth.org gives easy-to-follow suggestions for including the recommended amount.
Go to Fitness Zone Online for additional fitness activities,
videos, and podcasts.
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 15
WEB LINKS AND ADDITIONAL GLENCOE RESOURCES
Name _________________________________________ Date _______________ Class ____________
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 3 The Digestive System
VIDEO SUMMARY
The digestive system goes to work even before you take your first bite of food. If you
are hungry and you see or smell food, automatic signals release saliva in the mouth
and digestive juices in the stomach. Carbohydrates begin to be absorbed in the
mouth, but most digestion begins when the chewed food reaches the stomach. In the
small intestine, nutrients are absorbed into the blood supply. The nutrient-rich blood
is filtered by the liver and then circulated throughout the body.
After you have watched the video, write your responses to these questions.
1.
What causes the “tummy rumble” mentioned in the video?
2.
According to the video, how many fruits and vegetables should you eat each day?
How does fruit juice fit into the daily requirements for fruits and vegetables?
How does the fiber found in whole fruits and vegetables aid in digestion?
4.
What do you do—or could you do—to include the recommended amount of fruits
and vegetables in your daily diet?
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 15
3.
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 4 The Excretory System
VIDEO SUMMARY
The kidneys, which are organs of the excretory system, respond directly to the amount and
kind of liquid taken into the body. In this video, three rugby players drink different forms of
liquid: one has salted water, one has plain water, and one has no water at all. After more athletic
exertion, the urine output of all three is measured. The results of the experiment show that you
can rehydrate the body more quickly after exercise by “tricking” the kidneys into retaining more
fluids.
Click here to watch video; 00:02:09
Discussion Questions
Show the video for Lesson 4. Then guide students in discussing their responses to these questions.
1. Why did the rugby player who drank the salt solution produce less urine than the player who
drank pure water?
The salt solution causes the blood to become less diluted, causing the kidneys to hold on to
the extra volume.
2. Based on the information in the video, why do you think health professionals recommend
drinking eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day?
Drinking plenty of water allows the kidneys to maintain the correct water balance in the body
and to effectively filter wastes from the blood.
3. Why is it important to drink when you feel thirsty?
Thirst is a signal from your brain that your body is in need of fluid.
Survey
Communication This skill is an interactive process between and among individuals to clarify
ideas, thoughts, needs, and feelings.
Have students work together to create a set of survey questions they can use to find out how
much water teens think they should drink each day and how much water they actually do drink.
Then have each student use the planned questions to gather information from at least five students.
Have students combine the responses they have gathered and create a graph or chart showing the
results of their survey.
•
This article at KidsHealth.org presents a clear discussion of the excretory system, including where
it is, what it does, and what kinds of health problems might be related to it.
•
This article the National Kidney Foundation Web site explains why some people need
hemodialysis and how the procedure is performed.
Go to Fitness Zone Online for additional fitness activities,
videos, and podcasts.
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 15
WEB LINKS AND ADDITIONAL GLENCOE RESOURCES
Name _________________________________________ Date _______________ Class ____________
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and
Digestive Systems
Lesson 4 The Excretory System
VIDEO SUMMARY
The kidneys, which are organs of the excretory system, respond directly to the
amount and kind of liquid taken into the body. In this video, three rugby players
drink different forms of liquid: one has salted water, one has plain water, and one has
no water at all. After more athletic exertion, the urine output of all three is measured.
The results of the experiment show that you can rehydrate the body more quickly
after exercise by “tricking” the kidneys into retaining more fluids.
After you have watched the video, write your responses to these questions.
1.
Why did the rugby player who drank the salt solution produce less urine than the
player who drank pure water?
2.
Based on the information in the video, why do you think health professionals recommend drinking eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day?
3.
Why is it important to drink when you feel thirsty?
Chapter 15
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.