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4/17/2012 th 5 Six Weeks Review! What is osmosis? The movement of water across a membrane How do particles move? High to low concentration What are nerve cells called? Neurons • What are the male parts? Stamen (anther & filament) • What are the female parts? Pistil (stigma, style & ovary) What trophic level contains the most energy? Primary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Producer Secondary Consumer Producers Why did the birds below develop different shaped beaks? Different available food resources What is secondary succession? Give two examples. Rebuild of community after a natural disaster. Forest Fire Flood or Tsunami Avalanche or Mudslide What happens as a result of secondary succession? Most of the species die. What is primary succession? The building of a community where no soil is a present. What are pioneer species? Algae & lichens that create soil for primary succession to occur Which two species are more closely related? A. Culicomorpha & Blephariceromorpha B. Xylophaghomorpha & Tabanomorpha Give the subunits for the following biomolecules: a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Lipids d. Nucleic Acids a. Sugars b.Amino acids c. Fatty acids d.Nucleotides What do scientists mostly use to make models of extinct organisms? They examine fossils How does the circulatory & respiratory system work together? Brings oxygen to the cells & takes CO2 back to the heart & lungs Which organelle provides energy to the cell? 6 - Mitochondria What is an enzyme and how does it affect the reaction rate of a chemical reaction? Protein that speeds up the breakdown of substances Using fossils scientists can determine what about living organisms? Life has become more complex over time Which two species have the most characteristics in common? Chimpanzee and bonobo How does wind help flowers to reproduce? Carries the pollen In cats, the bones in the legs involved in walking are very similar to the bones in whales’ flippers that are involved in swimming. Although they have different functions, these bones, called homologous structures, lead us to the theory that cats and whales: have a common ancestor If there are 50,000 kilocalories of energy at the producer level in a habitat, how many kilocalories would be at the tertiary consumer level? 50 tertiary 500 secondary 5,000 primary 50,000 producer Which organelle controls the processes of the cell and contains DNA? 3 - Nucleus Which statement does not accurately describe natural selection? • Individual organisms change their genes to adapt to their environment. • The genetic composition of a population changes from one generation to the next. • More advantageous traits become more common in populations. • Beneficial and useful traits are inheritable. What does the cell membrane do? Regulates what enters & leaves the cell If there are 10 kilocalories of energy at the tertiary level in a habitat, how many kilocalories would be at the producer level? 10 tertiary 100 secondary 1,000 primary 10,000 producer How are viruses and prokaryotes different? A virus does not replicate on its own, but prokaryotic cells do replicate on their own. How can a scientist distinguish between virus and bacteria? A virus attacks the cell’s genetic material, while bacteria use toxins to kill a cell. Do the daughter cells produced from mitosis have the same number or half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell? Same number (Mitosis makes two identical cells) Decomposers like fungi and bacteria obtain carbon from dead plant matter and then release that carbon into the atmosphere. The same carbon is then returned to the plants for use in photosynthesis. What would happen if decomposers where removed? The amount of carbon flowing back into the atmosphere would decrease. In a habitat, horned toads eat ants and ants eat grass. What would happen if the number of horned toads increased? The number of ants will decrease & the amount of grass will increase • Which step is asexual and which is sexual? Fox Cat Mouse Rabbit Grass Explain which animals would be affected if a disease killed out all the grass. All would be affected because of lack of food. A farmer uses a pesticide on his crops to kill off the insects. Which organism in the food chain would be the first to decline in population? mouse Why is overfishing bad? The fish can’t adapt fast enough What is homeostasis? Give an example. Ability to maintain equilibrium – sweating when you are hot How does your body detect that you are hot? Nerve cells sense the change in temperature Why are photosynthesis & cellular respiration considered opposites? Photosynthesis uses CO2 & produces O2, Cellular respiration does the opposite Birds and reptiles have many similar structures. What is the best explanation for this? They have a common ancestor Unattached earlobes (E) are dominant to attached earlobes (e). A man with attached earlobes marries a woman who is heterozygous for the trait. What would the genotypes of their children be? E e e Ee ee e Ee ee Put the following in order from most to least complex Bacteria Animal cell Plant cell Virus Protist Animal cell Plant cell Protist Bacteria Virus What happens to the DNA during mitosis? It replicates (doubles) What is the significance of meiosis to a species? Genetic variation What are gametes & what is their function? Sex cells; provide half number of chromosomes What do all living things have? Genetic material In rabbits, black is dominant to white. If a rabbit has a litter of 8, of which 4 are black and 4 are white, what would the genotypes of the parents be? B b b Bb bb b Bb bb Fossils are the preserved remains of organisms that lived in the past. How can scientists use fossil records to describe the history of species on Earth? To show how species evolve from simple to more complex organisms.