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“Operation Barbarossa” was Germany’s
initial attack on Russia. It began on June 22,
1941.
 Hitler had said of such an attack that:

 “when
the attack on Russia starts the
world will hold its breath.”
Chief-of-Staff Halder wrote in his diary:
"It is the Führer's unshakable decision to
raze Moscow and Leningrad to the ground,
so as to be completely relieved of the
population of these cities, which we would
otherwise have to feed through the winter.
The task of destroying the cities is to be
carried out by aircraft."
 “Operation
Typhoon” (the code name given
for the attack on Moscow) a large part of
“Operation Barbarossa”, began on October
2nd, 1941. Hitler thought that once the heart
of Russia (Moscow) had been cut out, Russia
the whole nation would collapse.
The attack on Pearl Harbor might have been the
most risky military mission in recorded history.
 To pull off the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japan
had to make it a total surprise to America.
 So to bomb on Sunday in the early morning was
the best strategic move possible.
 Japan sent out warnings that they would attack
the Pacific. No one knew whether it would be
Hawaii or the Philippines.
 Japan sent battleships towards Hawaii, on
November 26.
 Japan then sent a coded message, to Japanese
diplomats in Washington.

 The
message was long, and by the time America
decoded it early Sunday morning December 7,
1941, Pearl Harbor was already under attack.
 It was too late, Japan had already bombed
American soil. 7:55 A.M., bombs fell to Pearl
Harbor from Japanese planes flying overhead
destroying ships on contact.
 By 9:30 A.M. the attack was over. America
had presumably lost 18 ships and over 300
military planes.
 More
than 2,400 people lost there lives
 Navy:
2008 dead
 Marine Corps: 109 dead
 Army: 218 dead
 Civilians: 68 dead

1,178 people were wounded
 SUNK
 USS
Arizona
 USS Oklahoma
 USS Utah
 USS California*
 USS West Virginia*
 USS Nevada*
 USS Cassin*
 USS Downes*
 USS Olgala*

*denotes ship was presumed sunk by the
Japanese and refloated by the US
 DAMAGED
 USS
Maryland
 USS Tennessee
 USS Pennsylvania
 USS Shaw
 USS Raleigh
 USS Honolulu
 USS Helena
 USS Curtiss
 USS Vestal
Japan’s B5N bomber could carry a one ton bomb
 The crew of the USS Ward saw a Japanese
submarine on the morning of the attack on Pearl
Harbor, fired on it and sank it.
 Two of Japan’s submarines were sunk before the
bombing reports were sent to Naval
Headquarters, but no one paid any attention.
 A little after 7 A.M. on December 7th a solider
saw a group of white dots heading for Pearl
Harbor.
 He called his commander, who thought that it
was nothing.


If the message from the USS Ward and the
solider were taken seriously the attack may
not have been so bad.
Everyone in Hawaii was issued a gas mask to be
carried at all times, if you were caught without
your gas mask you were fined.
 All families were ordered to blackout their
homes and build bomb shelters in case of
another attack.
 There were 145 warships and Coast Guard ships
in Pearl Harbor and within minutes of the attack
many ships were exploding and sinking.

The USS Arizona was hit with five
torpedoes.
 At the same time the USS West Virginia was
hit with five to seven torpedoes then slowly
sank to the bottom of the sea.
 A hole was torn in the side of the USS
Raleigh where it was hit by a torpedo.
 It shot down 5 planes and was bombed but
stayed afloat.


The USS Maryland was only hit by two bombs,
killing 4 men and wounding 14. There was little
damage done to the ship.
Pearl Harbor was not the only place attacked on
December 7th 1941. Bombs were also dropped on
area airfields and other naval bases.
Radio operators sent out this message:
“AIR RAID PEARL HARBOR
THIS IS NOT A DRILL”
 President
Roosevelt addresses the nation on
December 8th, 1941
 Yesterday,
Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will
live in infamy - the United States of America
was suddenly and deliberately attacked by
naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
December 8, 1941 (the next day) America
declared war on Japan, and the Nazis declared
war on America, drawing us into the hatred of
World War 2.
 The “sneak attack” was broadcast to America
through the radio. This sent a shock wave
through the country.
 Many people along the coast wanted Japanese
people removed from there area.
 A dark time for America’s many people who lost
their civil rights because of Pearl Harbor.






November 13th senior German commanders meet at
Orsha, a decision was made to start a second assault
on Moscow.
The Russians sent 100,000 more men, 300 tanks and
2,000 artillery guns the defend Moscow.
With 422 miles of anti-tank ditches being dug 812
miles of barbed wire entanglement and some 30,000
firing points Moscow had turned into a fortress.
Germany got 18 miles from Moscow center but
Russia held through 20 days into the second offensive
Germany lost over 155,000 men. They were killed,
wounded, or suffered from frostbite.
800 guns 300 artillery guns. A counter attack on the
Germans on December 5th. In January 1942 Germany
had lost the battle for Moscow (or “Operation
Barbarossa”)
On June 6th 1944 the United States landed at
Normandy, France.
 The code name for the invasion of Normandy
was “Operation Overlord.” The countries of
Great Britain and the U.S.A.
 The American general was General Dwight D.
Eisenhower before the amphibious invasion (the
night before d-day) the allies dropped thousands
of paratroopers behind Nazi defense with the
help of the France resistance they helped
sabotage the Nazis.
 No one knows the exact number of soldiers that
died on the beach of Normandy.

 Okinawa
was a very important battle in the
winning of the war.
 Okinawa is an island that is 60 miles long and
2 to 18 miles wide
 The battle began April 1st, 1945
 American
ships landed at Hagushi Bay led by
Lt. General Simon Bolivar Bucker
 He commanded 180,000 troops
 The
Japanese had 130,000 troops and
450,000 civilians
 The Japanese were commanded by Lt.
General Ushijima
 The Japanese lost the island on July 2nd of
the same year
 Several days prior to the loss of the island Lt.
General Ushijima committed suicide
 In
August 1945 the United States of America
dropped two atomic bombs, one on
Hiroshima Japan, the other on Nagasaki
Japan. America tested two different nuclear
weapons.
One was “Little Boy” it was dropped on
Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. It was 28
inches in diameter 120 inches long,
weighed 9,000 pounds, and carried
15,000 tons of high explosives.
(According to the U.S. National Archives)
On August 9th “Fat man” was dropped on
Nagasaki , it was 60 inches in diameter
128 inches long. It weighed about 10,000
pounds with approximately 21,000 tons
of high explosives. (According to the U.S.
National Archives).
 The
USS Missouri secured its place in history
as the site of Japan’s unconditional surrender
to the Allied Forces on Sept. 2, 1945, ending
World War II.
 The ceremony for the signing of the Formal
Instrument of Surrender was conducted by
Supreme Allied Commander, General Douglas
A. MacArthur.
 http://www.radiochemistry.org/history/nucl
ear_age/06_fdr_infamy.shtml
 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle
_of_okinawa.htm
 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSA
EBB162/
 http://www.ww2pacific.com/
 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle
_for_moscow.htm
 http://www.historyguy.com/normandy_links.
html