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FINAL REPORT
WHO PROJECT
Mapping of National Tropical-Disease
Centers / Institutions in Nepal
Prof Dr Suman Rijal
Professor in Internal Medicine
& In-charge of Tropical Diseases
B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers/ Institutions in Nepal
2012
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Nepal, the land of Himalayas and natural beauties, also harbors communicable diseases
more commonly labeled as "Neglected Infectious Diseases". The tropical disease centers
included in this mapping contribute significantly, in research, training, clinical services or
policy making, to the diseases that are relevant in the context of tropical diseases in Nepal
and are endemic to the region. Eleven (11) communicable diseases were chosen because of
their significance in shaping Nepalese public-health policy. As these diseases are seen in
close association with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, we have also included the centers that
commit to the latter as well.
To initiate the mapping we divided the country profile into 5 development regions. Centers
that are included are Government managed, NGO's, Medical Schools and Universities
contributing to tropical disease activities. Most of the key institutes that contribute
significantly are in the central region in the country's capital, Kathmandu, with only a couple
of centers outside the capitol. Most of the institutes do contribute to clinical care services
but only few are currently actively involved in training or research.
In this report the SCOPUS database was used to enlist the publications in tropical disease
from each institute over the last 10 years. Some of the local medical journals which were not
included in this database would have been missed. The publications from Nepal are limited
in number and also most of the contributions have been made from a handful of institutes.
Significant research outputs are also mainly limited to few diseases namely leprosy, visceral
Leishmaniasis and enteric fever. The majority of the publications come from 4 institutes
namely Anandaban Leprosy Hospital, BPKIHS, Institute of Medicine (Tribhuvan
University) and Patan Academy of Health Sciences. These centers have excellent
collaboration with reputed tropical diseases institutes which has proved to be very fruitful.
It was also observed that some of the institutes have excellent laboratories but do not have
access to field sites or hospitals e.g. NPHL while some have a strong government mandate
and good field sites but lack adequate trained manpower and well equipped laboratories e.g.
VBDRTC.
Majority of the training in tropical diseases currently ongoing are refresher or short courses
mainly provided by the disease specific programmes. MPH in public health is available in 3
institutes and PhD in tropical diseases from 2 universities in Nepal.
There is definitely a need to augment the tropical diseases activities within the country. Key
scientists, experts and policy makers need to identify and prioritize the research agenda
taking into consideration the country and programme needs. The strengths of the individual
institutes should be capitalized and collaborations and networking should be formed to
conduct joint activities which include research and training programmes. Investment in
training scientists in the universities and upgrading and development of research
laboratories is essential. Most of the institutes lack adequate resources to undertake these
activities so external funding would be required. In the long term it will be important to
develop more centers especially from the endemic areas and in areas deprived of tropical
disease centers like Mid-west and Far-west regions of Nepal.
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Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers/ Institutions in Nepal
2012
TEAM MEMBERS
The project entitled “Mapping of National Tropical-Disease Centers / Institutions in Nepal”,
commissioned by WHO/SEARO, has been prepared by Tropical and Infectious Diseases
Unit, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. The report was drafted from
15th May to 30th June 2012.
The team members were:
1. Prof. Dr. Suman Rijal, Professor, Dept. of Internal Medicine, & In-charge Tropical and
Infectious Diseases Unit, BPKIHS
2. Dr. Kanika Deshpande Koirala, PhD research Fellow, BPKIHS.
3. Dr. Deepak Kumar Roy, Dental Surgeon, BPKIHS.
DISEASES COVERED
The following diseases were selected, based on their key significance to Nepal. Further, we
have classified those diseases in two broad categories: (1) Vector borne disease and (2)
Diseases other than vector borne diseases. The disease covered were not only neglected
tropical diseases (NTDs) but also those diseases which had a major role in reference to
Nepalese population and government policies.
Vector-borne diseases:
1. Malaria
2. Visceral leishmaniasis
3. Dengue
4. Filariasis
5. Japanese Encephalitis
Diseases other than Vector-borne diseases:
1. Leprosy
2. Intestinal helminth infections
3. Tuberculosis
4. Diarrheal diseases
5. Typhoid
6. HIV/AIDS
PROJECT OUTLINE
The project “Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers / Institutions in Nepal” aims
to identify Government Institutes, NGO's, Medical schools and research institutions
involved in tropical diseases research and training in Nepal. The centers
were included by their contributions to tropical medicine in terms of publications, trainings
given and capacity of the scientists.
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Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers/ Institutions in Nepal
2012
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 2
TEAM MEMBERS ............................................................................................................................... 3
DISEASES COVERED ........................................................................................................................ 3
PROJECT OUTLINE............................................................................................................................ 3
ABBREVATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 6
INTRODUCTION
NEPAL AND TROPICAL DISEASES ................................................................................................ 9
ORGANISATION OF HEALTH STRUCTURE IN NEPAL ............................................................ 10
BRIEF PROFILE OF TROPICAL DISEASES IN NEPAL ............................................................... 12
MAPPING STRATEGIES .................................................................................................................. 16
AREAS ADDRESSED IN THIS REPORT ........................................................................................ 17
METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................................. 18
SECTION I INSTITUTES PROFILE AND STRENGHTS
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 20
REGIONAL COMPARISONS ........................................................................................................... 23
COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF THE KEY INSTITUTES........................................................... 26
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE, TRIBHUVAN UNIVESITY .............................................................. 28
B.P. KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES................................................................... 30
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY ............................................................................................................ 33
NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY (NPHL) .............................................................. 35
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL DIVISON .............................................................. 37
NEPAL HEALTH RESEARCH COUNCIL ...................................................................................... 38
NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CENTER ......................................................................................... 40
NATIONAL CENTER FOR AIDS AND STD CONTROL............................................................... 42
SUKRARAJ TROPICAL & INFECTIOUS DISEASE HOSPITAL.................................................. 43
VECTOR BORNE DISEASE RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTRE ......................................... 45
KANTI CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL ................................................................................................... 46
PATAN ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES ............................................................................... 47
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (NAMS) ....................................................... 49
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ............................................ 51
MANIPAL COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. ......................................................................... 52
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SECTION II NGOs, INGOs Working in Nepal In Tropical Diseases and Funding
NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION ........................................................................................ 54
ANANDABAN HOSPITAL (LEPROSY MISSION NEPAL) .......................................................... 55
Walter Reed / AFRIMS Research Unit Nepal (WARUN) .................................................................. 57
OTHER INGOs working in Nepal in Tropical Diseases .................................................................... 58
SECTION III OUTPUT
PUBLICATIONS PAST 10 YEARS .................................................................................................. 60
ANNEX I ............................................................................................................................................ 66
ANNEX II QUESTIONNAIRES USED IN THE SURVEY ............................................................. 97
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ABBREVATIONS
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AFRIMS
Armed Forces Research Unit of Medical Sciences
AES
Acute Encephalitic Syndrome
ALH
Anandaban Leprosy Hospital
ART
Anti‐Retroviral Therapy
BNMT
Britain Nepal Medical Trust
BPKIHS
B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
CB‐IMCI
Community Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
CFR
Case Finding Rate
DF
Dengue Fever
DFID
Department for International Development
DHF
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
DHO
District Health Office
DoD-GEIS
Department of Defense - Global Emerging Infections Surveillance &
Response System
DOTS
Directly Observed Treatment Short Course
DPHO
District Public Health Office
DSS
Dengue Shock Syndrome
EDCD
Epidemiology and Disease Control Division
EHCS
Essential Health Care Services
EPI
Expanded Program on Immunization
EQAS
External Quality Assurances
FCHV
Female Community Health Volunteer
FY
Fiscal Year
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immuno Deficiency
Syndrome
HPs
Health Posts
INGO
International Non Government Organization
IOM
Institute of Medicine
JE
Japanese Encephalitis
JICA
Japan International Co‐operation Agency
KCH
Kanti Children’s Hospital
KUSMS
Kathmandu University, School of Medical Sciences
LEC
Leprosy Elimination Campaign
LF
Lymphatic Filariasis
MC
Microscopy Center
MCOMS
Manipal College of Medical Sciences
MD
Doctor of Medicine
MDA
Mass Drug Administration
MDG
Millennium Development Goal
MDT
Multi Drug Therapy
MOH
Ministry of Health
MPH
Masters in Public Health
MS
Master Of Surgery
MSc
Master of Science
NAMS
National Academy of Medical Sciences
NCASC
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
NEQAS
National External Quality Assurance Scheme
NGO
Non Government Organization
NPHL
National Public Health Laboratory
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NTC
NTD
NTP
OPD
ORC
PAHS
PCR
PHC
PHCCs
PMTCT
RHDs
SHPs
STIDH
TB
TLMI
TU
USAID
VBDRTC
VL
WARUN
WHO/SEARO
National Tuberculosis Control Centre
Neglected Tropical Diseases
National Tuberculosis Program
Out Patient Department
Out Reach Clinic
Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Primary Health Center
Primary Health Care Centers
Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission
Regional Health Directorates
Sub Health Posts
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital
Tuberculosis
The Leprosy Mission International
Tribhuvan University
United States Agency for International Development
Vector Borne Disease Research and Training Center
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Walter Reed Research Unit Nepal
World Health Organization/ South East Asia Regional Office
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Organization of Health Structure in the Ministry of Health and Population __________
Figure 2 Topographic Map of Nepal ___________________________________________________
Figure 3 Mapping of Key Institutes in Tropical and Infectious Disease Centers in Nepal________
Figure 4 The number of Institutes in the various regions of Nepal _________________________
Figure 5 The number of publications of key institutes in tropical and infectious diseases by
regions in the past 10 years. _________________________________________________________
Figure 6 The number of publications in Specific Diseases by Regions in the Past 10 years ______
Figure 7 The number of publications by the key institutes in tropical and infectious diseases in
Nepal the past 10 years. ____________________________________________________________
Figure 8 Publications by Institutes in Leishmaniasis _____________________________________
Figure 9 Publications by Institutes in Helminthiasis _____________________________________
Figure 10 Publications by Institute in Leprosy __________________________________________
Figure 11 Publications by Institute in Diarrheal Diseases _________________________________
Figure 12 Publications by Institute in Dengue __________________________________________
Figure 13 Publications by Institute in Japanese Encephalitis ______________________________
Figure 14 Publications by Institute in Malaria __________________________________________
Figure 15 Publications by Institute in HIV ______________________________________________
Figure 16 Publications by Institute in Tuberculosis ______________________________________
Figure 17 Publications by Institute in Filariasis _________________________________________
Figure 18 Publications by Institute in Typhoid __________________________________________
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Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers/ Institutions in Nepal
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INTRODUCTION
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NEPAL AND TROPICAL DISEASES
Geographical Location
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign
state located in South Asia. It lies between latitudes 26° and 31°N, and
longitudes 80°and 89°E.It covers an area of 147,181 square kilometers and is located in
the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the
south, east, and west by India.
Environment
The differences in elevation found in Nepal result in a variety of biomes, from tropical
bordering the Indian states Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in the south, to subtropical in the Hill
Region, to temperate on the slopes of the Himalaya, to grasslands and shrub lands and
rock and ice at the highest elevations.
Population
Nepal's population was around 26.6 million in 2011. The Nepalese are descendants of
three major migrations from India, Tibet, and North Burma and the Chinese province of
Yunnan.
Among the earliest inhabitants were the Kirat of east mid-region, Newar of the
Kathmandu Valley and aboriginal Tharu in the southern Terai region. The ancestors of the
Brahmin and Chetri caste groups came from India, while other ethnic groups trace their
origins to North Burma and Yunnan and Tibet, e.g. the Gurung and Magar in the west, Rai
and Limbu in the east (from Yunnan and north Burma via Assam), and Sherpa and Bhutia
in the north (from Tibet).
Nepal is a multilingual society. The major languages of Nepal are Nepali, Maithili,
Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, Newari/Nepal Bhasa, Magar, Rai, Awadhi, Limbu, and Bajjika.
Religion
There is diversity in religion beliefs also with Hinduism being the most practiced
followed by Buddhism, Islam, Mundhum, Christianity and other religions
Economy
Nepal's gross domestic product for 2008 was estimated at over $12 billion. About 25% of
the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25 a day. Agriculture
accounts for about 40% of Nepal's GDP. The country receives foreign aid from India,
Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, China, Switzerland,
and Scandinavian countries. The government's budget is about $1.153 billion, with
expenditure of $1.789 billion (FY05/06).
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ORGANISATION OF HEALTH STRUCTURE IN
NEPAL
The Department of Health Services under the Ministry of Health and Population is
responsible for the curative and preventive care activities in Nepal. The DHS comprises 7
divisions and 5 centers. The Epidemiology and Disease Control Division (EDCD) holds
the responsibility of controlling endemic diseases including vector borne diseases as well
as treatment of animal bites and prevention and tackling epidemics or pandemics. The
five Centers involved in tropical and infectious diseases and with a degree of autonomy in
personnel and financial management include: National Health Training Centre (NHTC),
National Health Education, Information and Communication Centre (NHEICC), National
Tuberculosis Control Centre (NTC), National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
(NCASC) and National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL).
Figure 1 Organization of Health Structure in the Ministry of Health and Population
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At the regional level there are five Regional Health Directorates (RHDs) providing
technical supports as well as program supervision to the districts. There are regional and
zonal hospitals (15), which have been given decentralized authority. In addition, there are
training centers, laboratories, TB centers (in some regions) and medical stores at the
regional level.
At the district level, the structure varies between districts. Sixty‐one districts are managed
by the District Health Office (DHO) with support of the District Public Health Office
(DPHO), whereas the remaining 14 are managed solely by the DPHO. The DPHOs and
DHOs are responsible for implementing essential health care services (EHCS) and
monitor activities and outputs of District Hospitals, Primary Health Care Centers
(PHCCs), Health Posts (HPs) and Sub Health Posts (SHPs).
The service delivery outlets in the country include 3,129 SHPs, 676 HPs, 209 PHCCs, 65
district hospitals, 10 zonal hospitals, 2 sub regional hospitals, 3 regional hospitals, and 8
central level hospitals.
In addition there are autonomous health institutes/ universities under the Ministry of
health and Population namely BPKIHS, NAMS, KCH and PAHS which provide tertiary
care services.
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BRIEF PROFILE OF TROPICAL DISEASES IN NEPAL
Profile of the various disease included in the report was acquired from the Annual Health
Report of the Ministry of Health and Population.
MALARIA
Malaria control project was first initiated in Nepal in 1954 with the support from USAID
(then USOM). The objective of the project was to control malaria mainly in southern
Terai belt of central Nepal. In 1958, national malaria eradication program, the first
national public health program in the country was launched with the objective of
eradicating malaria from the country within a limited time period. Currently malaria
control activities are carried out in 65 districts at risk of malaria. The districts are divided
into four different categories as follows:
•High risk districts (13): Ilam, Jhapa, Morang, Sindhuli, Dhanusa, Mahottari, Kavre,
Nawalparasi, Banke, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur, and Dadeldhura
•Moderate risk districts (18): Panchthar, Dhankuta, Sunsari, Saptari, Siraha, Udayapur,
Sarlahi, Rautahat, Bara, Parsa, Makawanpur, Chitwan, Sindhupalchowk, Rupandehi,
Kapilvastu, Dang, Surkhet, and Doti
• Low risk 34 Districts (Minimal transmission) (34)
• No risk Districts (10)
The Global Fund is supporting malaria control program in the high risk 13 endemic
districts and moderate risk 18 endemic districts.
Annual Parasite Incidence (API) increased from 0.14 per 1,000 in 2009/2010 to 0.16 in
2010/2011.
KALA‐AZAR
The government of Nepal has committed to the regional strategy to eliminate Kala‐azar
and with India and Bangladesh and is signatory of the memorandum of understanding that
was formalized during the World Health Assembly held in May 2005 on Kala‐azar
elimination, with the target of achieving the disease elimination by 2015.
In 2005, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division (EDCD) of Department of Health
Services formulated a National Plan for the Elimination of Kala‐azar divided in it into
three phases:
Preparatory Phase: 2005‐2008; Attack Phase: 2008‐2015 and Consolidation Phase: 2015
onwards.
Kala-azar is considered a major public health problem and is endemic in 12 districts of
eastern and central Terai. Incidence of Kala Azar has decreased from 1.71 per 10,000
areas at risk population in 2008/2009 to 1.33 in 2009/2010 and to 0.94 in 2010/2011.
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Though the overall cases and incidence has been decreasing new endemic foci particularly
in the hilly districts are being reported.
LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS (LF)
Lymphatic Filariasis is a public health problem and main cause of morbidity, primarily,
lymph edema of legs and hydrocele in many endemic areas of the rural and slum areas of
the country. The government had initiated implementation of Mass Drug Administration
(MDA) in Parsa district in 2003.
Since then the program has expanded gradually in other endemic districts as well. MDA
has stopped in 5 districts (Parsa, Makawanpur, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, and Rupandehi) in
fiscal year 2010/2011 after completion of 5 rounds of MDA.
Wuchereria bancrofti is the only recorded parasite in Nepal. The mosquito, Culex
quinquefasciatus, an efficient vector of the disease has been recorded in all the endemic
areas of the country.
Goal
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis from Nepal by the year 2020 by reducing the disease in
population to such a level that there will be no transmission of the disease to the people
living in Nepal.
DENGUE
Dengue, a mosquito‐borne disease emerged in Nepal in the form of Dengue Fever (DF),
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). The earliest
cases recorded were only in 2006. The sporadic cases continued and outbreaks occurred
in 2009‐2010. Dengue outbreak in 2006 had shown its face with 32 confirmed dengue
cases followed by 27 cases in 2007, 10 cases in 2008, 30 cases in 2009 and 917 cases in
2010 with major outbreak in Chitwan and Rupandehi districts.
Aedes aegipti (mosquito‐vector) has been identified in 5 peri‐urban areas of Terai region
(Kailali, Dang, Chitwan, Parsa and Jhapa) during entomological surveillance conducted
by EDCD during the year 2006‐2010, indicating local transmission of dengue. Studies
carried out in close collaboration of WARUN/AFRIMS in the year 2006 by EDCD/NPHL
showed all 4 sub‐types (DEN‐1, DEN‐2, DEN‐3 and DEN‐4) of Dengue virus circulation
in Nepal.
TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Nepal. About 45 percent of the
total population is infected with TB, of which 60 percent are adult. Every year, 40,000
people develop active TB, of whom 20,000 have infectious pulmonary disease. These
20,000 are able to spread the disease to others.
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Treatment by Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) has reduced the number
of deaths; however 5,000‐7,000 people still die per year from TB. Expansion of this cost
effective and highly successful treatment strategy has proven its efficacy in reducing the
mortality and morbidity in Nepal. By achieving the global targets of diagnosing 70
percent of new infectious cases and curing 85 percent of these patients will prevent
30,000 deaths over the next five years.
Short course (DOTS) has been implemented in all 75 district of the country and TB
patients are being treated with DOTS at 1,118 treatment centers and 3,103 sub centers.
The Treatment Success Rate (TSR) stands at 90 percent and Case Finding Rate (CFR) at
73 percent.
Targets
Targets linked to the MDGs and endorsed by the Stop TB Partnership:
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by 2005: detect at least 70 percent of new sputum smear‐positive TB cases and cure at
least 85 percent of these cases
by 2015: reduce prevalence of and death due to TB by 50 percent relative to 1990
by 2050: eliminate TB as a public health problem (<1 case per million population)
HIV/AIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS
The prevalence of HIV is rising rapidly in Nepal, and effective control measures – for
AIDS as well as for TB – are more important now than ever before. NTP is conducting
regular surveys to find the extent of HIV among TB patients. In 2006, 2.4 percent of
tuberculosis patients also had HIV infection. This could rise rapidly if HIV increases.
Fourth sentential site survey of HIV in Tuberculosis patients was conducted. This survey
is conducted in every two‐year interval of time.
HIV/AIDS
HIV in Nepal is characterized as concentrated epidemic, where majority of infections are
transmitted through sexual transmission. Prevention of HIV among key population is the
key programmatic strategies, while providing quality treatment, care and support for
infected and affected is equally important strategic directions to achieve the end results of
national response.
Since the detection of the first AIDS case in 1988, the HIV epidemic in Nepal has evolved
from a low prevalence to concentrated epidemic. As of 2011, national estimates indicate
that approximately 55,600 adults and children are infected with the HIV virus in Nepal. A
total of 18,396 cases of HIV out of them 7,437 advanced HIV infection cases had been
reported as of 2011. The estimated prevalence of HIV in the adult population is 0.33
percent.
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LEPROSY
Nepal Leprosy Control Program was started in the country in 1966.The country conducted
Leprosy Elimination Campaign in 1999 (LEC‐1) and again in 2001 (LEC‐2) which was an
active case detection activity. Leprosy has been declared as being eliminated from Nepal
in 2009.
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
Diarrhea is still a leading killer disease in Nepal. CB‐IMCI program intensely focuses on
management of diarrheal diseases among the under‐five year’s children. Standard diarrhea
case management with Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) continued feeding and Zinc
tablet have been providing in the health institutions. All health facilities and community
health volunteers have been serving as the primary health providers in the treatment of
Diarrhea with Low Osmolar Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) and Zinc
supplementation.
Incidence of Diarrheal Diseases
Annual incidence of diarrhea per 1,000 under‐five years’ children has decreased from 598
in FY 2009/2010 to 500 in 2010/2011. However cases of ‘Severe Dehydration’ have
remained constant at 0.4 percent in two consecutive years.
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
In fiscal year 2010/2011 a total of 1,367 AES cases were reported from 62 districts of
which 88 were laboratory confirmed JE cases from 29 districts. JE surveillance started in
2006 in high risk districts, following which the number of JE cases has drastically
reduced.
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MAPPING STRATEGIES
Nepal is divided administratively into 5 regions and 75 districts, the latter being the
administrative unit. Topographically there are 3 ecological zones that run from east to
west. Altitude increases from south to north: 20 districts in Terai plains in the south, 39
districts in the hill region in the middle, and the 16-district mountain region in the north.
Figure 2 Topographic Map of Nepal
DISTRICTS BY TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS
Mountain
Darchula
Bajhang
Bajura
Humla
Jumla
Kalikot
Mugu
Dolpa
Manang
Mustang
Rasuwa
Sindhupalchok
Dolkha
Solukhumbu
Sankhuwasabha
Taplejung
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Hill
Baitadi
Dadeldhura
Doti
Achham
Dailekh
Surkhet
Jajarkot
Salyan
Rukum
Rolpa
Pyuthan
Baglung
Gulmi
Myagdi
Parbat
Kaski
Syangja
Palpa
Tanahu
Lamjung
Gorkha
Terai
Dhading
Makwanpur
Nuwakot
Kathmandu
Lalitpur
Bhaktapur
Kavrepalanchok
Sindhuli
Ramechhap
Okhaldhunga
Khotang
Udaypur
Bhojpur
Dhankutta
Terhathum
Panchthar
Illam
Kanchanpur
Kailali
Bardia
Banke
Dang Deokhuri
Kapilvastu
Rupendehi
Nawalparasi
Chitwan
Parsa
Bara
Rauthat
Sarlahi
Mahottari
Dhanusha
Siraha
Saptari
Sunsari
Morang
Jhapa
Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers/ Institutions in Nepal
2012
AREAS ADDRESSED IN THIS REPORT
This report enumerates the number of institutes in the country actively involved in
tropical medicine activities. Profile, strengths, funding and outputs have been measured.
Regional comparison has been made. The number of institutes' present, infrastructure
available, strength of the institutes, number of scientists involved, and output in terms of
publications has been taken under consideration. Information regarding funding was
limited.
Publications are presented based on the number of papers each institutes published, the
journals they were published in, citations, disease of interest of the various institutes as far
as possible.
Lastly, the institutes were compared on the basis of the publications in the field of tropical
medicine.
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Profile and Strengths
o Regional comparisons
o Comparative summary of the key institutes
o Name of Institution / University
o Address and Contact Information
o Vision and Mission
o Tropical Diseases Studied
o Infrastructure – Facilities, Services
o Funding
o Prominent Scientists
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Outputs
o Publications
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METHODOLOGY
Mapping of the various institutes working in research related to tropical medicine was
done by gathering the information from Nepal Health Research Council and looking
for related publications from databases like SCOPUS and Pubmed. Institute websites
were referred to attain the institutes vision and goals and determine their contribution
for tropical medicine. Information was also collected using the Questionnaire attached
in Annex II, by telephone contact and sending out Emails. Further information was
filled after personal communication with the Principal Investigators.
The institutes that were included to make this report are listed below with those
making significant contribution to tropical disease research and training in bold:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Anandaban Leprosy Hospital
B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Chitwan Medical College
CIWEC clinic
College of Medical Sciences
Epidemiology and Disease Control Division
Gandaki Medical College
Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University
Janaki Medical College
Kanti Children's Hospital
Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Kathmandu Medical College
Kist Medical College
Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital
Lumbini Medical College and Research Center
Manipal College of Medical Sciences
National Academy of Medical Sciences
National Center for AIDS and STD control
National Medical College
National Public Health Laboratory
National Tuberculosis Center
Nepal Health Research Council
Nepal Public Health Foundation
Nepalgunj Medical College
Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center
Nyaya Health
Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital
Tribhuvan University
Universal College of Medical Sciences
Vector Borne Disease Research and Training Center, Hetauda
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SECTION I
INSTITUTES PROFILE AND
STRENGHTS
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INTRODUCTION
The comparison in this section of the report is to note the institutes in each of the
developmental regions of Nepal. The infrastructures of the institutes and trainings imparted
in the field of tropical medicine in undergraduate and postgraduate levels were estimated. It
includes the effort for the disease control and elimination of tropical diseases. In this
chapter, the institutes are analyzed and compared.
KEY INSTITUTES IN TROPICAL MEDICINE
For this mapping, 31 institutes were included, comprising of universities, medical colleges,
governmental organizations, NGO’s and a few hospitals. The institutes were analyzed by
their profile and strengths, profile of scientists, research conducted, publications, available
infrastructure, contribution in control and elimination of these diseases. The funding sources
could not be obtained for most of the institutes.
The output was measured in terms of publications and the platform of dissemination of
information. Researches in relation to tropical medicine were included, from basic science,
clinical and community level studies as well as research done by International organizations.
Of the 31 Institutes mapped, 17 key institutes were noted because of their significant
contribution in research, number of publications, training programs in tropical medicine.
Most of the listed institutes are relatively new and are planning to expand their
infrastructure and laboratory facilities in to well equip to take effective measures to work in
eliminating and treating tropical diseases.
We have listed the key institutes as Government, Non Government, Medical Schools and
Universities.
Government
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Epidemiology and Disease Control Division
Kanti Children's Hospital
National Center for AIDS and STD control
National Public Health Laboratory
National Tuberculosis Center
Nepal Health Research Council
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital
Vector Borne Disease Research and Training Center, Hetauda
NGO and INGO
1. Anandaban Leprosy Hospital
2. CIWEC clinic
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Medical College
1. Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University
2. Manipal College of Medical Sciences
Universities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
National Academy of Medical Sciences
Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Tribhuvan University
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TROPICAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTES OF NEPAL,
KATHMANDU IN A SEPARATE MAP. (GOOGLE MAPS)
Figure 3 Mapping of Key Institutes in Tropical and Infectious Disease Centers in Nepal
Of the 17 institute that have significantly contributed 16 are located in the central region and
one each in the Eastern and Western regions. In the Central Region all except one are
located in the Kathmandu valley.
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REGIONAL COMPARISONS
It is clear that the bulk of tropical medicine institutes in Nepal are in the Central
developmental region, as shown in Figure 4. Out Of 31 institutes reviewed for this report, 23
were in the Central region, 4 in the Western, 2 in the Eastern, and 1 each in the Mid-western
and Far-western development region. Kathmandu belongs to the Central region and almost all
of the institutes in this region are situated in and around the Kathmandu valley.
Figure 4 The number of Institutes in the various regions of Nepal
Figure 5 The number of publications of key institutes in tropical and infectious diseases by regions in the
past 10 years.
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Of the 17 key institutes that were noted because of their significant contribution in
research, number of publications, training programs in tropical medicine, 16 are located in
the Central region, one each in the Eastern and Western region. The publications from the
3 regions are shown in Fig 5.
Figure 6 The number of publications in Specific Diseases by Regions in the Past 10 years
Most of the papers published in visceral leishmaniasis or Kala Azar are from BPKIHS. The
research published has helped shaping the health policy for VL and thus also has a role in
reducing the burden of the disease in the country.
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Figure 7 The number of publications by the key institutes in tropical and infectious diseases in Nepal
the past 10 years.
BPKIHS has the maximum number of publications is the past 10 years among the key
institutes listed in this report. The strength of BPKIHS is that it is situated in an
endemic area and has adequate number of scientists, good infrastructure and well
equipped laboratories. Its research is mainly conducted in VL and JE with the support
of good International collaboration.
This is followed by IOM, the oldest medical school and has a research department with
adequate number of scientists including clinicians, microbiologists and epidemiologists
conducting research in tropical medicine.
PAHS has expertise in Enteric fever and Anandaban a leprosy hospital does most of its
research in Leprosy
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COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF THE KEY
INSTITUTES
Profile
Page
No
55
30
37
Name Of
Institute
ALH
BPKIHS
EDCD
Region
Central
VL, JE, TB
Central
VBD, diarrheal
diseases
Malaria, Diarrheal
diseases,
Central helminthiasis and
TB
IOM
46
KCH
Central
51
KUMS
Central
52
MCOMS
Western
49
NAMS
Central
NCASC
Leprosy
Eastern
28
42
Main Diseases
Covered
Central
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JE, diarrheal
diseases
Malaria,
Dengue,
Helminthiasis
Tuberculosis,
Typhoid
HIV/AIDS,
Malaria,
Leprosy,
Helminthes,
TB, Filariasis
Strengths
Scientists, research
laboratories,
specialized hospital
Scientists including
entomologist,
Endemic location,
tertiary care hospital,
VL specialized
centre, research
laboratories, and
international
collaboration.
Surveillance data,
develop policies,
trained
epidemiologists
Scientists, research
laboratories, tertiary
care hospital
Publications
No. in last
10 Years
Training
33
Refresher
trainings.
147
MD (Micro.),
MPH, PhD and
short courses
for doctors.
Refresher
courses in
VBD.
82
Tertiary care hospital
facilities.
MD (microb.),
and MPH
MD and short
term trainings.
Tertiary care hospital
11
MD (Micro.)
Tertiary care hospital
31
MD (Micro.)
HIV/AIDS,
Japanese
Encephalitis
Tertiary care hospital
3
HIV
Support HIV/AIDS
care in Nepal.
Coordinate related
activities
15
Short term
trainings.
Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers/ Institutions in Nepal
2012
38
NHRC
Central
Dengue,
Malaria,
Tuberculosis,
HIV
Trained researchers,
provide funding,
monitor biomedical
research
Well equipped
laboratories and lab.
Personnel, Expertise
in Quality control.
Well equipped
laboratories and lab.
Personnel, Expertise
in Quality control.
Scientists, Tertiary
care hospital,
research laboratories,
international
collaborations
2
Short trainings
in research
methodology.
6
Refresher
trainings for
laboratory
personnel
7
Refresher
trainings.
31
PhD, Refresher
trainings.
35
NPHL
Central
VBD, JE,
diarrheal
diseases.
40
NTC
Central
Tuberculosis
47
PAHS
Central
Enteric fever
Central
HIV/AIDS,
Malaria,
Japanese
Encephalitis,
Leishmaniasis
Hospital services in
tropical diseases
12
Short term
trainings
Central
Kala Azar,
Malaria, JE,
Dengue
Location in endemic
region, equipped
laboratory,
entomologist.
5
Refresher
trainings
43
45
STIDH
VBDRTC
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INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE,
TRIBHUVAN UNIVESITY
Registered Date: 1978
Contact Information
Address: Maharajgunj, Kathmandu
Phone: +977-01-4410911/4413729
Email: [email protected]
Fax: +977-01-4418186
Website: http://www.iom.edu.np/
http://www.teachinghospital.org.np/
Dean: Professor Dr Kumud Kumar Kafle
Vision and Mission:
To play a role model in providing excellent medical education, health services and research
work, not only in Nepal, but in the whole world.
Tropical Diseases Studied:
Vector borne: Malaria, leishmanisis, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and Dengue
Diarrheal diseases: Rotavirus, Bacteria and intestinal parasites
Others: HIV/ AIDS, TB, Enteric fever, Helminthiasis and Coccidian parasites
Infrastructure, Hospital facilities and training programmes:
IOM has a 444 bed tertiary level hospital. The institute conducting four programs in
Certificate level, 11 programs in Bachelor level, 26 programs in Masters Level including
MPH and 4 programs in MCh. IOM has already started the process of starting DM (Doctor
of Medicine) in medicine, postgraduate programme in dental, PhD programme in
nursing and microbiology. There is a separate Research Department established in 2008.
Research:
Objectives of Research Department








To activate and promote research activities of various Campuses and their Departments
To provide technical expertise as per their need
To conduct research methodology workshops and trainings for faculties and post graduate
students
To build up collaboration in research with various national and international organizations
To identify and explore research areas.
To support teaching/learning activities.
To monitor the progress of enrolled research work in the institute
To help in the publication of research articles
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Activities of the department:
Conduct workshop on Research Methodology for Postgraduate Students and Faculties,
Joint research with various agencies like Nick Simons Institute, Research Conference on
Health Science
More than 15 projects in Tropical Diseases have been handled by the Institute
Sources of Funding:
National: University commission grant (UCG); NHRC, Ministry of Science and
Technology
International: WHO-TDR, JICA, USAID, DFID
Prominent Researchers:
Prof. Dr. Jeevan B. Sherchand: A microbiologist currently the Research Director at IOM
and has been a PI of several research projects. His field of research includes malaria,
lymphatic filariasis, and diarrheal diseases including Rota virus, helminthiasis and TB-HIV
co-infection.
Professor Chitra Kumar Gurung: A Statistician and has conducted several operational
research in visceral leishmaniasis as PI.
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B.P. KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Registered Date: 1994
Contact Information
Address: Dharan
Phone: +977-025-525555/521017
Email: [email protected]
Fax: 025-520251
Website: http://www.bpkihs.edu/
Vice Chancellor: Prof. Dr. B P Das
Vision and Mission:
An autonomous Health Sciences University with a mandate to work towards developing
socially responsible and competent health workforce, providing health care & involving in
innovative health research. A centre of national importance to produce skilled health
workforce to meet the country's need and also to function as a centre of excellence in the
field of tropical and infectious diseases.
Tropical Diseases Studied: Leishmaniasis, Japanese Encephalitis, Leprosy,
Helminthiasis and Tuberculosis.
Infrastructure, Hospital facilities and training programmes:
A 700-bedded Central Teaching Hospital with state of the art facilities. It has well
equipped Specialized Laboratories like a Molecular Biology Laboratory and a Japanese
Encephalitis Reference Laboratory.
It conducts more than 30 postgraduate, undergraduate, and university certificate programs.
It has four colleges: Medical, Dental, Nursing, and Public Health. The medical college has
well-established major clinical and basic science departments.
Postgraduate programs (MD, MS, and MSc) were started in 1999. The School of Public
Health was established in 2005, and it runs a two-year MPH program. Doctor of
Philosophy (PhD) program in Tropical Medicine has also been introduced. The Institute
has innovative approach of community-based training of students, and providing services
to the local people through the concept of Teaching District Hospitals (learning by doing at
community level).
Centre of Tropical and Infectious Diseases has been established in 2012 which is equipped
with a molecular laboratory, inpatient ward and training centre which includes a library and
computer laboratory. Since 2009 a 5 week short term training in tropical diseases for
Nepalese doctors is being conducted. Since 2012 a PhD programme in Tropical Diseases
has also been started.
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Research:
Along with teaching and clinical services research is one of the core activities here at
BPKIHS. BPKIHS has established itself not only as a National referral centre for VL but
also conducted over 15 research projects over the last 10 years. The field of research
includes epidemiological and socio-economic studies, operational research, clinical trials
of VL drugs, community trials of LLIN, pharmacovigilance, validation of diagnostic tests,
drug resistance studies in Leishmania, entomological and molecular biology studies.
These collaborative research projects have been supported by European Commission,
WHO, WHO/TDR and other foundations. Research work has been conducted in
collaboration with reputed institutes in Asia (BHU, Varanasi and ICDDR, Bangladesh)
Europe (Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Geneva University Hospital,
Switzerland, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, etc). Around 90
research publications have been made over the last 10 years in international peer reviewed
journals.
In Japanese encephalitis a project on surveillance of Acute Encephalitis syndrome and Hib
meningitis supported by WHO-IPD is ongoing. A randomized clinical trial of intravenous
immunoglobulin is being conducted in collaboration with Liverpool University.
Sources of Funding:
National: Research grant from BPKIHS; Indo-Nepal Corpus Fund; NHRC
International: WHO-TDR, European Commission, Institute of tropical Medicine,
Belgium.
Prominent Researchers/Clinicians:
Dr. Suman Rijal is Professor in Department of Internal Medicine and In charge of the
Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit at BPKIHS. The field of research expertise is VL
and fever syndromes. He has been the PI in more than 10 research projects in the tropics.
He is also a member of the WHO expert committee on Leishmaniasis and the Regional
Technical Advisory Group on Kala-azar elimination.
Dr Rupa Rajbhandari Singh is Professor in Department of Pediatrics and Rector
BPKIHS. Her field of expertise is in Japanese encephalitis in which she conducted a
clinical trial as Principal Investigator and in VL.
Dr Basudha Khanal is Professor in Department of Microbiology and her field of expertise
is in Japanese encephalitis and VL mainly in validation of diagnostic tests. She is the focal
person for MoH/ WHO-IPD surveillance of AES and Hib meningitis. Her expertise also
extends in the field of GLP.
Dr Murari L Das is Professor of Microbiology (Entomology) and has conducted several
researches in vector studies as Principal investigator.
Dr Nisha K Bhatta is Professor of Pediatrics and her expertise is in JE and diarrheal
diseases.
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Dr Narayan Bhattarai, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology is a molecular
biologist and his expertise is in VL. He has participated in several research studies and
currently is a PI in a collaborative research project supported by ITM, Antwerp.
Dr Nilambar Jha, Professor in School of Public Health is an epidemiologist and his
expertise includes epidemiology of tuberculosis and TB-HIV co-infections.
Dr Nirmal Baral is Professor of Biochemistry and he has conducted several basic
researches in VL
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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Established: 1959
Contact Information:
Address: Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: +977-1-4331869
Website: http://www.tribhuvan-university.edu.np/
Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Dr. Hira Bahadur Maharjan
Vision and Mission:
Tribhuvan University (TU) is the first national institution of higher education in Nepal. The
Central Administrative Office and the Central Campus of the university are located on the
north east of Kirtipur, five kilometers from Kathmandu. The university at Kirtipur is spread
over an area of 154.77 hector.
Objectives:




To produce skilled manpower essential for the overall development of Nepal
To preserve and develop historical and cultural heritage of the nation
To accumulate, advance and disseminate knowledge
To encourage and promote research in Arts, Science, Medicine, Engineering,
Agriculture, Management, Education and other vocational fields
Tropical Diseases Studied: Malaria, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Lymphatic Filariasis
Infrastructure and training programs:
There are 5 technical institutes and 4 general faculties, 38 Central Departments, 4 Research
Centers and 60 Constituent campuses in TU and out of them 1 Institute, 3 Faculties, 32
Departments, 3 Research Centers and 2 Constituent campuses are at Kirtipur. The
university offers 115 courses for the technical proficiency certificate level. TU offers 1079
courses at Bachelor’s level and 1000 courses at Master’s level. It offers Ph.D. degree in
different disciplines both at the Technical Institutes and Faculties.
Academic Institute with post graduate research students and faculties involved in research
leading to Ph D / Masters Degree in Microbiology (Medical/Public Health & Environment)
Research:
Research Coordination Council: It formulates policies on TU research activities, approves
guidelines for researchers and coordinates the functions of university level research
organizations. The Research Division is the secretariat of the council which publishes TU
Journal, Research Bulletin and Statistical Bulletin. Besides, it monitors mini-researches for
teachers. It consists of 27 members.
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More than 5 projects have been handled by the Institute in Tropical Medicine in the past 10
years.
Sources of Funding:
National: Nepal health Research Council, Tribhuvan University, IoST, University Grants
Commission, VBDRTC, EDCD /MoHP
International: WHO Country Office and TDR
Prominent Researchers/Clinicians:
Dr Prakash Ghimire, A Microbiologist with expertise in the field of Malaria,
Leishmaniasis, Filariasis and Tuberculosis. He has conducted and has been involved in
many related projects.
Dr Megha Raj Banjara: An Epidemiologist and Lecturer in TU, has conducted several
operation research in VL as PI.
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NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY
(NPHL)
Established: 1968
Contact Information
Address: Teku, Kathmandu
Telephone: 977-1- 4261712
Fax: 977-1- 4262038
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.nphl.gov.np/
Director: Dr. Geeta Shakya
Vision and Mission:
National Public health Laboratory (NPHL) is a government national reference laboratory
under the Department of health services (DoHS) and Ministry of Health and Population
(MoHP). It is directly linked to different levels of 277 government laboratories in the
country. Networking, licensing, monitoring, supervision, capacity strengthening and
conducting research activities and National External Quality Assessment Scheme
(NEQAS) of the laboratories are the major functions of NPHL.
Tropical Diseases Studied: Japanese Encephalitis, Diarrheal diseases.
Infrastructure:
Currently, NPHL has facility of biosafety level (BSL) II lab with real time PCR (RT-PCR)
which is in use for testing viral load & Avian Influenza including Swine flu (H1N1). BSL
III Lab has been proposed for culture of viruses.
Services:
National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) is apex lab of MOHP it functions both as
reference lab and public health lab. It has following facilities.
1. WHO SEARO Accredited Measles/ Rubella lab.
2. National Influenza Center with BSl 2 lab, tissue culture facility, Characterization by HAI
and IFT testing and facility of nucleic acid sequencing
3. BSL 2 plus equivalent to BSL 3 lab constructed and will be functional after certain
modification.
4. BSL 2 lab (molecular biology) as HIV reference lab (Diagnostic service, EQAS, CD4
count/ CD4 % and viral load)
5. Routine/specialized lab facility.
6. Secretariat of laboratory containment for wild polio virus.
7. Secretariat for NSC and NTAC of Blood Transfusion Service.
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Besides routine/diagnostic services, NPHL provide following public health related
services.
1. Lab based surveillance on Acute Encephalitis syndrome/ Japanese encephalitis
2. Lab based surveillance on measles/rubella surveillance
3. Influenza surveillance through ten sentinel sites of National Influenza surveillance
Network.
4. Outbreak investigation for diarrheal diseases (Shigella, salmonella, Cholera, campylobacter
,Pathogenic E-coli, Febrile/ haemorrhagic fever (salmonella, Malaria, Dengue, leptospira
etc)
5. Water analysis for coli form
6. Organization of NEQAS on different disciplines of clinical pathology (Hematology,
Microbiology, Biochemistry).
7. Supervision and monitoring of peripheral labs




Research and Training:
MD thesis
Msc Microbiology thesis
PhD thesis
Training
o In service and refresher training for lab assistant and lab technician.
o HIV, VCT /STI training
o CD4 training
o ART monitoring training
o Training on influenza for sentinel sites of National Influenza Surveillance Network
o Training on emerging infectious zoonotic diseases ( Avian influenza, Brucellosis,
Leptospira, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis)
o Quality assurance training for laboratory and blood transfusion services
o Training on MAC Elisa for JE/Measles/ Rubella
o Bacteriological training
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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL
DIVISON
Contact Information:
Address: Department of Health Services, Teku, Kathmandu
Phone: 00977-1-4262268, 4255796
Director: Dr G D Thakur
Vision and Mission:
EDCD a division under the Department of Health Services has a Disease Control Section,
which looks after the vector borne diseases (Malaria, Dengue, Filariasis, Japanese
Encephalitis and Dengue) control program. It also holds the responsibility of investigating
endemic diseases and prevention and tackling epidemics or pandemics.
Services:




The institute is involved in planning, management, execution and supervision of
control programmes.
Training of health programmes.
Respond to outbreaks and epidemics.
Colaboration with research institutes on operational research
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NEPAL HEALTH RESEARCH COUNCIL
Established: 1982
Contact Information
Address: Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
Telephone: 977-1-4254220/4227460
Fax: 977-1-4262469/4268284
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.nhrc.org.np/
Director: Prof. Dr. Chop Lal Bhusal
Objectives:



To do or cause to do study and research on problems in the field of health being
encountered or likely to be encountered in future.
To conduct programs relating to consultancy service and information in order to make
the study and activities relating to health more useful, and
To acquire information about studies, researchers and works on various problems
relating to health in the world and inform it to HMG from time to time.
Tropical Diseases Studied: Dengue, Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV
Infrastructure:
NHRC is conducting researches on different tropical diseases since long time. There is a
tropical disease section at NHRC which works collaboratively with other government
agencies. NHRC hires the required human resources as per needed for study.
Services:
1.
2.
Screening, reviewing and approval of research proposals.
Providing technical guidance and possible support including services for scientists,
researchers.
3. Conducting training workshops in Health Systems Research Methodology, Research
Management and other fields of research.
4. Providing e-mail, photocopying and Med-line search facilities and other information
for researchers for a free.
5. Monitoring and evaluation of all the researchers conducted at the field level.
6. Providing various kinds of Research Grants to the most deserving researchers.
7. Compiling research related books, research reports, national and international
scientific journals and Bulletins.
8. Publishing and archiving research related materials including publication of Research
Journals, Bulletins and Reports.
9. Networking of health researchers and research institutions / agencies / organizations
involved in health research
10. Serving as a repository for research related information and resources.
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11. Disseminating activities for research based information.
12. Development of research proposals on health related sciences.
13. Developing and conducting collaborative research with research institutions / agencies
/ organizations within and outside Nepal.
14. Making collaborative work with WHO, bilateral, multilateral and other funding
agencies / organizations.
15. Developing the research units in the five development regions of Nepal and
coordinating the overall aspects of health research in these regions.
Research: Tropical Disease Research project, Nepal Health Research Council. The
project was implemented in different parts of Nepal.
Sources of Funding:
National: Government of Nepal
International: World Health Organization, Maryknoll Father and Brothers, USA
NHRC has funded research in various tropical and infectious diseases such as Malaria, JE,
VL, Dengue, TB, and HIV at various institutes within the country. It provides grants to
undergraduate as well as postgraduate researchers to encourage research activities in
Nepal.
Prominent Researchers:
Prof. Dr. Chop Lal Bhusal, currently the Executive Chairperson of NHRC has conducted
research in various Tropical Diseases like Dengue, Malaria, Tuberculosis, and HIV. He has
mainly focused on epidemiological studies.
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NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CENTER
Established: 1989
Contact Information
Address: Thimi, Bhaktapur Nepal
Ph: 00977-1-6630033, 6630073
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.nepalntp.gov.np/index.php
Director: Dr. K. K. Jha
Vision and Mission:
To make Nepal free of TB. To reduce the mortality, morbidity and transmission of
tuberculosis till it is no longer at public health problem in Nepal.
 To achieve 85% treatment success rate in new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis
cases and to achieve 70% case detection ratio in new smear positive pulmonary
tuberculosis cases.
 Achieve universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-centered treatment
 Reduce the human suffering and socioeconomic burden associated with TB
 Protect poor and vulnerable populations from TB, TB/HIV and multidrug-resistant TB
 Support development of new tools and enable their timely and effective use
Tropical Diseases Studied: Tuberculosis
Infrastructure:
The most efficient and cheapest mean for diagnosis of TB is sputum smear microscopy.
Well functioning laboratories with quality control is fundamental requirement for any TB
control programme.
The Nepal National Tuberculosis Control Programme operates a network of laboratories
with a well established quality control system throughout the country. The NTP laboratory
network is comprised of a well-functioning laboratory at the National Tuberculosis Centre
and 315 laboratories at the peripheral level, all of these integrated with the government
General Health Service’s laboratories or those run by NGO/INGOs.
NTP is aiming to upgrade the status of the Central Laboratory at NTC to becoming
National Reference Laboratory (NRL) which should be linked to a Supra National
Reference Laboratory (SNRL). NRL should be able to provide culture and drug sensitivity
testing under internationally acceptable quality assurance by SNRL.
Research:
Family and Community Volunteer based DOTS research is in progress in the remote hilly
areas of Nepal where institutional based DOTS are not feasible.
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Research is also underway to link private practitioners and the services they provide with
the NTP, to ensure that all patients receive a high standard of care and their results are
properly recorded and reported.
The NTP has carried out frequent surveys of drug resistance both in central as well as in
periphery level. The latest survey conducted in 2001/2002 showed multi drug resistance
(MDR) of 1.30% compared to 3.60% in 1998/1999 and 1.20% in 1996/1997. The latest
survey shows that Multi- Drug Resistant (MDR) TB is decreasing in newly registered cases
and it is a sign of good DOTS programme.
HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis:
The prevalence of HIV is raising in Nepal and effective control measures for AIDS as well
as for TB is more important now than ever before.
Sustaining and further enhancing partnership remains one of the primary objectives of the
NTP. In this regard initiation of collaboration with National AIDS Programme (NAP) is
one of the key achievements. A Core Group consisting members from NTP, NAP and other
partners has been established which is aiming to facilitate the formation of a National TB
HIV Collaboration Committee. Steps were also initiated to develop a joint collaboration
strategy document by both programmes.
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NATIONAL CENTER FOR AIDS AND STD
CONTROL
Contact Information
Address: Teku, Kathmandu
Telephone: +977-1- 426 1653, 426 2753, 425 8219
Fax: +977-1- 4261406
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.ncasc.gov.np
Director: Dr Krishna Kumar Rai
Vision and Mission:
The National AIDS Research Centre (NARC) aims to serve as one point source of
authentic, appropriate and viable information in different contents, categories for all HIV
and AIDS topics and will built a comprehensive database of information generated in
Nepal in the area of HIV and AIDS. The centre will features an extensive collection of
national and global reports, surveys, national policies, strategies, protocols, guidelines,
videos and electronic information on important HIV and AIDS issues. This is believed to
co-ordinate all the HIV and AIDS related researches, research papers, and related
publications. It is also to ensure all HIV and AIDS researchers are based on the needs to
improve the national response to HIV and AIDS, and are conducted with high quality.
Vision
Nepal will become a place where new HIV infection are rare and when they do occur,
every person will have access to high quality, life extending care without any form of
discrimination.
Goal: To achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.
Objectives
 Reduce new HIV infections by 50% by 2016, compared to 2010;
 Reduce HIV-related death by 25% by 2016 (compared with a 2010 baseline) through
universal access on treatment and care services;
 Reduce new HIV infections in children by 90% by 2016 (compared with a 2010
baseline).
 To strengthen HIV and AIDS information resources and co-ordinate for all HIV and
AIDS related researches are conducted with high quality; and
 To provide authentic information necessary for understanding the epidemic and
devising/reviewing effective health programme interventions to combat HIV and AIDS.
Tropical Diseases Studied: HIV/AIDS
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SUKRARAJ TROPICAL & INFECTIOUS DISEASE
HOSPITAL
Established: 1933
Contact Information
Address: Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
Tel: 977-1-4253395, 977-1-4253396
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.istidh.org/index.php
Director: Dr Indra Prasad Prajapati
Vision and Mission:
The STIDH development board has planned to develop the STIDH to an Institute of
Tropical Medicine (ITM).
Objectives:






Improvement of the quality of the existing services.
Expansion of the services in the field of infectious and Tropical diseases in the
regional, zonal and districts levels.
Teaching and training for the undergraduate and post graduate students both national
and international
Research activities
Collaboration with national and international stakeholder
Community services including mobile services.
Tropical Diseases Studied: HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Japanese Encephalitis,
Leishmaniasis
Infrastructure and Hospital Facilities:
STIDH is a 100 bedded hospital and provided all the services related to Tropical and
Infectious Diseases. The hospital is located at the center of Kathmandu having out patient’s
services, laboratory, X-ray services and 24 hrs emergency services. The hospital runs
DOTS clinic & HIV/AIDS counseling and clinic every day. The major disease are Typhoid
fever, Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar), Malaria, Tetanus, Rabies, Snake bite, Many animal
bites(dog bite, Monkey bite, leopard bite, Bear bite, Rat bite,etc) , Meningitis,
Encephalitis etc. As per hospital record, 17578 received OPD services last year (including
children).
Services:
Hospital provides quality services and also parted scientist research activities with the
collaboration of national and international collaborator.
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Research and Training:
Availability of fellowship and internship and training programs:
Hospital have own training hall with the capacity for 100 trainees at a time. It runs training
on Infectious and Tropical Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Rabies, Snake bites etc. Facilities are
available for foreigners for fellowship, internship and after related trainings.
Development of STIDH to an Institute of Tropical Medicine
The STIDH development board has planned to develop the STIDH to an Institute of
Tropical Medicine (ITM).
Objectives:
 Improvement of the quality of the existing services.
 Expansion of the services in the field of infectious and Tropical diseases in the
regional, zonal and districts levels.
 Teaching and training for the undergraduate and post graduate students both national
and international
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VECTOR BORNE DISEASE RESEARCH AND TRAINING
CENTRE
Contact Information:
Address: Bhutandevi – 8, Hetauda, Makwanpur District
Tel. No. : 977057521826
E. mail: [email protected]
Director: Ram Chandra Pathak
Vision and Mission:
The Vector Borne Diseases Research and Training Center (VBDRTC) is a semiautonomous institution of the MOHP. It was created with the support of USAID in the
context of the extinct Environmental Health Program (EHP).
Tropical Diseases Studied: Kala-azar, Malaria, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue
Infrastructure:
Laboratory equipped with PCR, Elisa test, Training halls.
Research and TrainingBasic malaria microscopic lab training, Refresher training, Middle level health worker
orientation, community level health worker orientation, Vector control inspector/Malaria
inspector orientation
Sources of Funding:
National: Government of Nepal
International: WHO, USAID
Prominent Researchers:
Ram Chandra Pathak, an Epidemiologist and the Director of VBDRTC have conducted
surveillance and epidemiological studies in Vector borne diseases.
Shisir Kumar Pant, an Entomologist works with the institute and is a part of the research
conducted at the institute.
Tropical Diseases studied: Malaria, Filaria, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, and Kala-azar
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KANTI CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL
Established: 1963
Contact Information
Address: Institute of Child Health Secretariat, Kanti Children’s Hospital
PO Box: 2664, Maharajgunj
Kathmandu 3
Fax: 977-1-442927
Phone: 977 1 4411140
Email: ich/[email protected]
Website: www.ich/kch.gov.np , http://www.ichkch.org/
Chairman: Mr. Sagar Chandra Rai
Vision and Mission:
The policy of the Board is to upgrade the KCH facilities, add more manpower and
technologies to better the quality of delivery of child health care to cater the growing
demand of the day.
Tropical Diseases Studied: Japanese Encephalitis, diarrheal diseases
Infrastructure and Hospital Facilities:
A 300-bed hospital and it is planned to upgrade into 500-bed hospital in the near future.
KCH is managed by Kanti Children’s Hospital Development Board (Board), which is an
autonomous corporate body under the Ministry of Health (MOH), Government of Nepal
(GON). KCH is the only children’s hospital of the nation.
Training:
KCH provides excellent facilities for those students who wish to do MDs in child health in
Nepal. In addition, it is also offering elective courses on child health care for foreign and
domestic students whoever wishes to join ICH/KCH. The institute will be the center of
learning for all post-graduate, under-graduate pediatric clinicians, paramedics and nurses.
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PATAN ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Registered Date: 2010
Contact Information
Address: Patan, Lagnkhel, Lalitpur
Phone: +977-01-5545112
Email: [email protected]
Fax: +977-01-5545114
Website: http://www.pahs.edu.np/
Vice Chancellor: Dr Arjun Karki
Vision and Mission:
The Patan Academy of Health Sciences is dedicated to sustained improvement of the
health of the people of Nepal, especially those who are poor and living in rural areas,
through innovation, equity, excellence and love in education, service and research.
Tropical Diseases Studied: Typhoid
Infrastructure and Hospital Facilities:
Patan Hospital is one of the largest hospitals in Nepal. It uses modern equipment and
facilities to provide treatment for almost 320 000 outpatients and 20 000 inpatients every
year. Patan Hospital staff conducts more than 10 000 operations annually. The hospital has
been operating with annual revenue of around US $3.5 million.
Research:
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit – Nepal hosted by Patan Hospital and the Patan
Academy of Health Sciences in Kathmandu Nepal works in close collaboration with
the Nepal Health Research Council at the Nepalese Ministry of Health and Population.
Established: 2003
Infrastructure: Laboratories including Microbiology, Biochemistry, Hematology and
Pathology, in the Clinical Research Unit
Research and Training:
PhD Training of clinicians and scientists. Research focus has been on enteric fever
(Typhoid and Paratyphoid) and other causes of febrile illness including typhus, infections
of the central nervous system and Hepatitis E. Plan to expand this work to include viral
causes of pneumonia, TB, emerging illnesses and other public health priorities in Nepal.
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Prominent Researchers:
Prof. Dr. Buddha Basnyat currently a consultant Physician at Patan Hospital leads the
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit- Nepal. His research interest lies in febrile
illness in the tropics. He is also the Medical Director of the Nepal International Clinic.
Dr. Amit Arjyal a PhD student and lecturer at PAHS conduct research in Enteric fever at
the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit- Nepal.
Abhilasha Karkey and Sabina Dangol are Microbiologists and PhD students at Oxford
University Clinical Research Unit – Nepal and a part of the team conducting research in
Enteric fever.
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (NAMS)
BIR HOSPITAL
Registered Date: 2004
Contact Information
Address: Bhotahity, Kathmandu
Phone: +977-01-4221119/4221988
Email: [email protected]
Fax: +977-01-4247032
Website: http://nams.org.np/
Director: Prof Dr Buland Thapa
Vision and Mission:



To make available quality medical service in the whole country
To produce highly trained manpower in the medical field in the country, and
To develop the academy as the national source center to conduct research studies in the
field of medical sciences.
Tropical Diseases Studied: HIV/AIDS, Japanese Encephalitis
Infrastructure and Hospital Facilities:
400 bed hospital with the new Trauma and Emergency Block, a further 200 beds will be
added. Beside the general medical service, Bir Hospital provides services in highly
specialized areas like Neurology, Neuro-Surgery, Cardiology, Cardio-thoracic and
Vascular Surgery, Burn and Plastic Surgery, Nephrology, Urology, G.I. surgery,
Gastroenterology, Hepatology (separate unit) and Radiotherapy.
Services:
Serves the community in most medical and surgical specialty and super-specialties through
emergency, outpatient and impatient facilities. Majority of outdoor examination service
and indoor beds in Bir Hospital are free. This is the only tertiary referral center in the
country which provides such free service.
Trainings:
MD/MS is a three year clinical training programme. The MD/MS clinical training
programme has been running in twelve subjects of medicine like Anesthesiology,
Dermatology, General Practice, General Surgery, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics &
Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Pediatric, Pathology, Radiology and
Radiotherapy.
Fellowship programme of 4 years duration is running in Neurosurgery. Higher specialist
training programme is being planned in nephrology, gastroenterology medicine,
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2012
cardiology, diabetes and endocrinology, hematology, tuberculosis and respiratory
medicine, burns and plastic, urology surgery, CTVS and gastroenterology surgery.
Three years Certificate Nursing and two years Post basic Bachelor Nursing programmes
are currently running in the institute. Master nursing programme is also planned.
Higher specialist training program in tuberculosis and respiratory medicine is planned.
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KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICAL
SCIENCES
Registered Date: 2001
Contact Information
Address: Dhulikhel, Kavre
Phone: 011-490497/490727
Email: [email protected]
Fax: 011-490707
Website: http://www.ku.edu.np/KUSMS/
http://www.dhulikhelhospital.org/
Dean: Dr. Narendra Bahadur Rana
Vision and Mission:
Kathmandu University, School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS) is an autonomous,
independent academic institution established in collaboration between Kathmandu
University and Dhulikhel Hospital. Aims to become a world-class university devoted to
bringing knowledge and technology to the service of mankind.
Tropical Diseases Studied: Malaria, Dengue, Helminthiasis, Tuberculosis, Typhoid
Infrastructure and Hospital Facilities:
The school has infrastructure and physical facilities at two locations: Basic sciences
building at a hilltop at Chaukot, Panauti Municipality-1 and the main teaching hospital is
situated at Dhulikhel. Both locations are in close access to the Kathmandu University
Complex.
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MANIPAL COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Registered Date: 1994
Contact Information
Address: Pokhara
Phone: +977-061-440387/440600
Fax: +977-061-440260
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.manipal.edu.np/Pages/welcome.aspx
Dean: Dr. B. M. Nagpal
Vision and Mission:
VISION
Global leadership in human development, excellence in education and health care
MISSION
 To be the most preferred destination for students and teachers of health sciences at all
levels of medical education in Nepal.
 International bonding to achieve all round recognition for excellence in health care
delivery among Southeast Asian Nations.
Tropical Diseases Studied:
HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Leprosy, Helminthiasis,
Tuberculosis, Filariasis
Infrastructure and Hospital facilities:
The 700-bed Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH) has been set up with the modern facilities
for medical education and health care.
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SECTION II
NGOs, INGOs Working in
Nepal in Tropical Diseases
and Funding
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NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION
CIWEC Clinic
Contact Address:
Address:
British-Indian Embassy Road, Lainchaur
P.O. Box 12895, Kathmandu, Nepal
Telephone: 977-1-442 4111/977-1-443 5232/977-1-441 3163/977-1-620 2217 (UTL)
Fax: 977-1-441 2590
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://ciwec-clinic.com/
Director: Dr. Prativa Pandey
Tropical Diseases Studied: Malaria, Diarrhea, Leishmaniasis, Filariasis, Typhoid
Infrastructure and Hospital Facilities:
The clinic provides emergency medical care 24 hours a day 365 days a year and also serves
as a family practice for the foreign residents and some Nepalese communities. The clinic
has a number of beds that are used when admission for more intensive monitoring and
treatment is required.
Research:
CIWEC clinic is renowned for its expertise & research in tropical illnesses associated with
travel and altitude
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS IN NEPAL
ANANDABAN HOSPITAL (LEPROSY MISSION NEPAL)
Established: 1957
Contact Information:
Address: Anandaban Leprosy Hospital, The Leprosy Mission Nepal
Lele, Lalitpur
P O Box 151, Kathmandu
Telephone: +977 (1) 429-0545 / 212-2379
Fax: +977 (1) 429-0538
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.tlmnepal.org/index.htm
Executive Officer: Mr. Shovakhar Kandel
Medical Superintendent: Dr Timothy G. Lewis
Vision and Mission:
 To maintain Anandaban Leprosy Hospital as the major leprosy referral hospital for the
Central Development Region (CDR).
 Operates under a series of 5-Year Agreements with the Ministry of Health,
HMG/Nepal (currently renewed 23 Nov 2000) and works to support the National Leprosy
Control Programme of HMG/Nepal.
 To provide additional technical support to Leprosy Elimination Programme in the
Central Development Region of Nepal.
 Through a project started in 1995, TLMI is involved in: capacity building; supervision
and monitoring; drug distribution to districts; and, extending disability care to the
periphery.
 Promising progress continues to be made in new case detection and treatment and this
has been demonstrated in the decreasing prevalence rates.
 Ongoing disability assessment and management remains poor amongst government
health workers and is a key to anticipating future workloads.
 Training continues to be a high priority and coverage of staff within high prevalence
districts is achievable.
Contribution to Tropical Medicine
Early diagnosis and treatment since 1978 has resulted in the elimination of disease as a
public health problem in Lalitpur district since 1995. In 2003, only 17 new cases were
found in this district (2003 population: 351,688).
Tropical Diseases Studied: Leprosy
Infrastructure and Hospital Facilities:
The largest Leprosy Hospital in Nepal, with 100 beds for leprosy patients and a further 25
for general admissions, situated 16km south of the capital, Kathmandu.
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Services:
Comprehensive leprosy care, including MDT (362 received MDT and 634 received
specialized services during hospitalization in 2003), disability prevention and correction
(226 major and 217 minor operations in 2003), small-scale rehabilitation projects.
To date, 247 children of leprosy-affected families have received financial help to attend
school and 123 leprosy-affected people have been given loans to start a business, house
repair etc.
Research and Training:
Research is divided into Leprosy and Clinical groups. The Lab also publishes a number of
scientific papers.
Research Conducted:
Studies with regard to Skin tests, methyl prednisolone, Genetic susceptibility, Tiggers in
relation to Leprosy have been done with international collaborators.
Training
Basic health services staff, community volunteers and others have been trained in leprosy. National
level leprosy courses for doctors are run annually, and the hospital is recognized by IOM for
leprosy training of MDGP candidates.
Workshops on specialist topics for staff and NGOs supporting the government leprosy control
programme (e.g. last year a workshop was run for programme managers).
NETHERLANDS LEPROSY RELIEF (NLR)
Contact Address:
Chhaku Baku Marga, New Baneshore, Kathmandu
Dr K P Dhakal, Country Representative
[email protected], [email protected]
Tropical Diseases Studied: Leprosy and TB
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Walter Reed / AFRIMS Research Unit Nepal (WARUN)
Website: http://www.afrims.org/warun.html
Tropical Diseases Studied: Diarrhea, Typhoid
Infrastructure:
WARUN, the AFRIMS satellite laboratory in Nepal occupies a four storied building with
laboratories and a staff of 25 available to support the conduct of studies within Nepal.
Research:
Research in diarrhea and typhoid have been conducted by the institute in collaboration with
various hospitals in Nepal with funding from DoD-GEIS
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OTHER INGOs working in Nepal in Tropical Diseases
Organizations
Britain Nepal
Medical Trust
(BNMT)
Programs
Tuberculosis
Coverage
>35 districts – 5
regions
Leprosy Mission
Nepal
Leprosy
15 districts
Nepal Leprosy Trust
(UK)
Leprosy
7 districts
Netherlands Leprosy Leprosy and TB
Relief (NLR)
control
Population Services
International/Nepal
(PSI/Nepal)
HIV
All districts and VDCs
of
eastern and far western
regions
75 districts
United Mission to
Nepal (UMN)
HIV/AIDS
10 districts
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Contact
Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal
POB: 20564
www.britainnepalmedicaltrust.or
g.uk
[email protected]
[email protected]
Tikabhairav, Lele VDC,
Lalitpur, Nepal
[email protected]
Satdobato, Lalitpur, Nepal
Tel: 01‐5521622, 5523322
[email protected]
New Baneshwor, Kathmandu,
Nepal
Tel: 01‐6227564
[email protected]
Shree Mahalaxmi Sadan
GPO Box: 21976
Mahalaxmisthan, Lagankhel
Lalitpur, Nepal
Tel: 977‐1‐5553190/ 5550620
[email protected]
Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
Tel: 01‐4228118, 4268900
[email protected]
Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers/ Institutions in Nepal
2012
SECTION III
OUTPUT
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PUBLICATIONS PAST 10 YEARS
In his report the SCOPUS database was used as a tool to estimate the output of
publications each institute produced about each particular tropical disease.
“AFFIL (name) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (disease or pathogen name) AND PUBYEAR >
2001” Wherein, ABS stands for abstract, KEY for keywords, AFFIL for affiliation and
“PUBYEAR > 2001” to include only publications of the last 10 years.
Publications by the Listed Key Institutes by the Tropical Diseases included in this report
Figure 8 Publications by Institutes in Leishmaniasis
From a total of 117 publications 90 were from BPKIHS alone. BPKIHS has contributed
immensely in the research related to Leishmaniasis. There are Clinicians, Molecular
biologists, Epidemiologists, Entomologists involved in the research. The publications from
the Institute have made an impact on the country program and helped shaping the health
policies in VL.
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2012
Figure 9 Publications by Institute in Helminthiasis
Various projects have been handled by IOM in regard to Helminthiasis. The studies conducted are
mostly epidemiological studies.
Figure 10 Publications by Institute in Leprosy
Anandaban Leprosy Hospital is the largest leprosy hospital of the Nation and has
conducted lots of research in this regard. There are many INGOs and NGOs who have
played an important role in providing services to the people affected with leprosy as well
as conducting research in this field. International Nepal Fellowship (INF) is one such
organization; hence appreciating the work done in the field we have included the
contribution to the chart though the institute was not listed as a key institute in this report.
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2012
Figure 11 Publications by Institute in Diarrheal Diseases
The burden of Diarrhea in Nepal is great among children with especially by pathogens like
V cholera and Rota virus. Maximum research and publications are from IOM.
Figure 12 Publications by Institute in Dengue
The earliest recorded cases in Nepal were only in 2006. The sporadic cases continued and
outbreaks occurred in 2009/2010. Initially most of the reported cases had travel history to
neighboring country (India), however lately indigenous cases were also reported.
Studies carried out in close collaboration of WARUN/AFRIMS in the year 2006 by
EDCD/NPHL showed all 4 sub‐types (DEN‐1, DEN‐2, DEN‐3 and DEN‐4) of Dengue
virus circulation in Nepal.
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Figure 13 Publications by Institute in Japanese Encephalitis
Figure 14 Publications by Institute in Malaria
IOM has been conducting research in Malaria in four districts of southern Nepal. From a
total of 26 publications in Malaria 8 are from IOM.
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2012
Figure 15 Publications by Institute in HIV
Under the National Center for AIDS and STD control, The National AIDS Research
Centre (NARC) aims to serve as one point source of authentic, appropriate and viable
information in different contents, categories for all HIV and AIDS topics and will built a
comprehensive database of information generated in Nepal in the area of HIV and AIDS.
Most of the publications related to HIV/AIDS are by NACSC followed by IOM and TU.
HIV/AIDS is an area that has received a lot of contribution from INGOs and NGOs.
Figure 16 Publications by Institute in Tuberculosis
In order to improve the quality of care for people with tuberculosis in Nepal and to assist in
effective planning and implementing the TB control program, the NTP has been carrying
out the research on:
• MDR Surveillance
• Assessment of HIV among sputum smear pulmonary TB patients regularly.
• There are numbers of operational research in NTP work plan which has been
implementing in Collaboration with sub‐recipients.
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Figure 17 Publications by Institute in Filariasis
Out of 75 districts 60 are endemic for lymphatic filariasis in the country. The disease has
been detected in different topographical areas. More filarial cases are seen in Terai when
compared with the hills.
Figure 18 Publications by Institute in Typhoid
Kathmandu being the typhoid capital of the world, lots of research has been done by PAHS
(OUCRU-NP) in this regard. Research related to drug efficacy, burden of enteric fever,
PCR amplification of the pathogen have been conducted.
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ANNEX I
PUBLICATIONS BY DISEASES WITH CITATIONS
BPKIHS
HIV/AIDS
Karkee R., Shrestha D.B. HIV and conflict in Nepal: Relation and strategy for response (2006) Kathmandu
University Medical Journal, 4 NO. 3 (15), pp. 363-367. Cited 4 times.
Khanal B., Bhattacharya S.K., Karki B.M.S., Shariff M., Deb M., Niraula S.R., Rai L.Educating nurses to
build a care-with-confidence team [1] (2003) Education for Health, 16 (2), pp. 228-229.
Jha N. Teachers awareness and opinion about aids - a study from Eastern Nepal (2001) Journal of
Communicable Diseases, 33 (3), pp. 205-211. Cited 4 times.
Garg V.K., Agarwalla A., Agrawal S., Deb M., Khanal B. Sexual habits and clinico-etiological profile of
sexually transmitted diseases in Nepal (2001) Journal of Dermatology, 28 (7), pp. 353-359. Cited 3 times.
MALARIA
Sharma S.K., Manandhar D.N., Khanal B., Dhakal S., Kalra S., Das M.L., Karki P. Malarial nephropathy in a
tertiary care setup--an observational study. (2011) Nepal Medical College journal: NMCJ, 13 (2), pp. 123127.
Singh R.R., Chaudhary S.K., Bhatta N.K., Khanal B., Shah D. Clinical and etiological profile of acute febrile
encephalopathy in Eastern Nepal (2009) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 76 (11), pp. 1109-1111. Cited 1 time.
Shah D. Treating severe malaria: Artesunate or quinine? (2008) Indian Pediatrics, 45 (1), pp. 41-42. Cited 1
time.
Brown G., Torresi J., Flint S., Shrestha N.K., Schwartz E., Parise M. Delayed Onset of Malaria - Implications
for Chemoprophylaxis [4] (multiple letters) (2004) New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (2), pp. 195-197.
Cited 1 time.
JE
Singh R.R., Chaudhary S.K., Bhatta N.K., Khanal B., Shah D. Clinical and etiological profile of acute febrile
encephalopathy in Eastern Nepal (2009) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 76 (11), pp. 1109-1111. Cited 1 time.
Rayamajhi A., Singh R., Prasad R., Khanal B., Singhi S. Clinico-laboratory profile and outcome of Japanese
encephalitis in Nepali children (2006) Annals of Tropical Pediatrics, 26 (4), pp. 293-301. Cited 6 times.
DIARRHOEA
Amatya R., Poudyal N., Gurung R., Khanal B. Prevalence of cryptosporidium species in paediatric patients in
Eastern Nepal (2011) Tropical Doctor, 41 (1), pp. 36-37.
Jha N., Singh R., Baral D. Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding home management of
acute diarrhea in Sunsari, Nepal. (2006) Nepal Medical College journal: NMCJ. 8 (1), pp. 27-30. Cited 2
times.
Tamang MD, Sharma N, Makaju RK, Sarma AN, Koju R, Nepali N, Mishra SK. An outbreak of El Tor
cholera in Kavre district, Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2005 Apr-Jun; 3(2):138-42.
Sharma UK, Rauniyar RK, Bhatta N.Roundworm infestation presenting as acute abdomen in four cases-sonographic diagnosis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2005 Jan-Mar; 3(1):87-90
LEPROSY
Rijal A., Rijal S., Bhandari S.Leprosy coinfection with kala-azar (2009) International Journal of
Dermatology, 48 (7), pp. 740-742.
Javvadhi S., Das H., Agrawal S. Pattern and determinants of ocular complications in leprosy patients in
eastern Nepal. (2009) Nepalese journal of ophthalmology : a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the
Nepal Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH, 1 (1), pp. 2-8.
Prasad R., Singh R., Mishra O.P., Pandey M. Dapsone induced methemoglobinemia: Intermittent vs
continuous intravenous methylene blue therapy (2008) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 75 (3), pp. 245-247.
Cited 3 times.
Jawadhi S.S., Das H., Badhu B.P., Agrawal S. Variation of intraocular pressure in patients with leprosy
(2005) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 3 no. 3 (11), pp. 217-221.
Agrawal S., Agarwalla A. Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome: A clinico-epidemiological review (2005)
Journal of Dermatology, 32 (11), pp. 883-889. Cited 16 times.
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Javvadhi S.S., Das H., Badhu B.P., Agrawal S. Variation of intraocular pressure in patients with leprosy.
(2005) Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ), 3 (3), pp. 217-221.
Rijal A., Agrawal S., Agarwalla A., Lakhey M. Bullous erythema nodosum leprosum: A case report from
Nepal (2004) Leprosy Review, 75 (2), pp. 177-180. Cited 8 times.
Burman K.D., Rijal A., Agrawal S., Agarwalla A., Verma K.K. Childhood leprosy in Eastern Nepal: A
hospital-based study (2003) Indian Journal of Leprosy, 75 (1), pp. 47-52. Cited 8 times
HELMINTHIASIS
Sah S.P., Bhadani P.P. Enterobius vermicularis causing symptoms of appendicitis in Nepal (2006) Tropical
Doctor, 36 (3), pp. 160-162. Cited 10 times.
Kumari N., Kumar M., Rai A., Acharya A. Intestinal trematode infection in North Bihar. (2006) JNMA;
journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 45 (161), pp. 204-206.
Prasad R., Singh R., Joshi B. Lateral sinus thrombosis in neurocysticercosis (2005) Tropical Doctor, 35 (3),
pp. 182-183. Cited 1 time.
Rauniyar R.K., Thakur S.K.D., Panda A. CT in the diagnosis of isolated cysticercal infestation of extraocular
muscle (2003) Clinical Radiology, 58 (2), pp. 154-156. Cited 6 times.
LEISHMANIASIS
Das M, Roy L, Picado A, Kroeger A, Rijal S, Boelaert M. Deltamethrin and permethrin residue on longlasting insecticidal nets after 18 months of use in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area in Nepal. Trans R Soc
Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Apr;106(4):230-4. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
Picado A, Singh SP, Vanlerberghe V, Uranw S, Ostyn B, Kaur H, Das ML, Sundar S, Rijal S, et al. Residual
activity and integrity of PermaNet® 2.0 after 24 months of household use in a community randomised trial of
long lasting insecticidal nets against visceral leishmaniasis in India and Nepal. Trans R Soc Trop Med
Hyg. 2012 Mar;106(3):150-9. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
Decuypere S, Vanaerschot M, Brunker K, Imamura H, Müller S, Khanal B, Rijal S, et al. Molecular
mechanisms of drug resistance in natural Leishmania populations vary with genetic background. PLoS Negl
Trop Dis. 2012 Feb;6(2):e1514. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
Downing T,Stark O,Vanaerschot MImamura H,Sanders M,Decuypere S,de Doncker S, Maes I, Rijal S, et al.
Genome-wide SNP and microsatellite variation illuminate population-level epidemiology in the Leishmania
donovani species complex. Infect Genet Evol. 2012 Jan;12(1):149-59. Epub 2011 Nov 20.
Downing T, Imamura H, Decuypere S, Clark TG, Coombs GH, Cotton JA, Hilley JD, de Doncker S, Maes
I, Mottram JC, Quail MA, Rijal S, et al.Whole genome sequencing of multiple Leishmania donovani clinical
isolates provides insights into population structure and mechanisms of drug resistance. Genome Res. 2011
Dec;21(12):2143-56. Epub 2011 Oct 28.
Uranw S, Ostyn B, Rijal A, Devkota S, Khanal B, Menten J, Boelaert M, Rijal S. Post-kala-azar dermal
leishmaniasis in Nepal: a retrospective cohort study (2000-2010). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011
Dec;5(12):e1433. Epub 2011 Dec 20
Stauch A, Sarkar RR, Picado A, Ostyn B, Sundar S, Rijal S, et al.Visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian
subcontinent: modelling epidemiology and control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Nov;5(11):e1405. Epub 2011
Nov 29.
Gidwani K., Picado A., Ostyn B., Singh S.P., Kumar R., Khanal B., Lejon V., Chappuis F., Boelaert M.,
Sundar S.Persistence of Leishmania donovani antibodies in past visceral leishmaniasis cases in India
(2011) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 18 (2), pp. 346-348. Cited 2 times.
Ostyn B, Gidwani K, Khanal B, Picado A, Chappuis F, Singh SP, Rijal S et al. Incidence of symptomatic and
asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infections in high-endemic foci in India and Nepal: a prospective study.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Oct;5(10):e1284. Epub 2011 Oct 4.
Gidwani K, Picado A, Rijal S, Singh SP, et al. Serological markers of sand fly exposure to evaluate
insecticidal nets against visceral leishmaniasis in India and Nepal: a cluster-randomized trial. PLoS Negl
Trop Dis. 2011 Sep;5(9):e1296. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
Ouakad M, Vanaerschot M, Rijal S, et al.Increased metacyclogenesis of antimony-resistant Leishmania
donovani clinical lines. Parasitology. 2011 Sep;138(11):1392-9. Epub 2011 Aug 8.
Vanaerschot M, De Doncker S, Rijal S, et al.Antimonial resistance in Leishmania donovani is associated with
increased in vivo parasite burden. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23120. Epub 2011 Aug 1.
Harhay MO, Olliaro PL, Vaillant M, Chappuis F, Lima MA, Ritmeijer K, Costa CH, Costa DL, Rijal S, et al.
Who is a typical patient with visceral leishmaniasis? Characterizing the demographic and nutritional profile
of patients in Brazil, East Africa, and South Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Apr;84(4):543-50.
Matlashewski G,Arana B, Kroeger A, Battacharya S, Sundar S, Das P, Sinha PK, Rijal S, et al. Visceral
leishmaniasis: elimination with existing interventions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Apr;11(4):322-5.
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2012
Singh SP,Hirve S, Huda MM,Banjara MR, Kumar N, Mondal D, Sundar S, Das P, Gurung CK,Rijal S,et al.
Options for active case detection of visceral leishmaniasis in endemic districts of India, Nepal and
Bangladesh, comparing yield, feasibility and costs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2011 Feb 8;5(2):e960.
Picado A, Singh SP, Rijal S, et. al. Long lasting insecticidal nets for prevention of Leishmania donovani
infection in India and Nepal: paired cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2010 Dec 29;341:c6760. doi:
10.1136/bmj.c6760.
t'Kindt R, Scheltema RA, Jankevics A, Brunker K, Rijal S, et al. Metabolomics to unveil and understand
phenotypic diversity between pathogen populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2010 Nov 30;4(11):e904.
Khanal B, Rijal S, Ostyn B, et al.Serological markers for leishmania donovani infection in Nepal: Agreement
between direct agglutination test and rK39 ELISA. Trop Med Int Health. 2010 Nov;15(11):1390-4.
Dinesh DS, Das ML, Picado A, Roy L, Rijal S, et al. Insecticide susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes in
visceral leishmaniasis endemic districts in India and Nepal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Oct 26;4(10):e859.
Burniston I, Roy L, Picado A, Das M, Rijal S, et al. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
to identify host-feeding preferences of Phlebotomus species (Diptera: Psychodidae)in endemic foci of
visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal. J Med Entomol. 2010 Sep;47(5):902-6.
Meheus F, Balasegaram M, Olliaro P, Sundar S, Rijal S, et ai.Cost-effectiveness analysis of combination
therapies for visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Sep 7;4(9). pii:
e818.
Hirve S, Singh SP, Kumar N, et al. Effectiveness and feasibility of active and passive case detection in the
visceral leishmaniasis elimination initiative in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010
Sep;83(3):507-11.
Vanaerschot M, Maes I, Ouakad M, et al. Linking in vitro and in vivo survival of clinical Leishmania
donovani strains. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 17;5(8):e12211.
Rijal S, Uranw S, Chappuis F, Picado A, Khanal B, Paudel IS, Andersen EW, Meheus F, Ostyn B, Das ML,
Davies C, Boelaert M.Epidemiology of Leishmania donovani infection in high transmission foci in Nepal.
Trop Med Int Health. 2010 Jul;15 Suppl 2:21-8.
Khanal B, Picado A, Bhattarai NR, VAN DER Auwera G, DAS ML, Ostyn B, Davies CR, Boelaert M,
Dujardin JC, Rijal S. Spatial analysis of Leishmania donovani exposure in humans and domestic animals in a
recent kala azar focus in Nepal. Parasitology. 2010 May 12:1-7.
Bhattarai NR, Dujardin JC, Rijal S, De Doncker S, Boelaert M, Van der Auwera G.Development and
evaluation of different PCR-based typing methods for discrimination of Leishmania donovani isolates from
Nepal. Parasitology. 2010 May;137(6):947-57.
Clements MF, Gidwani K, Kumar R, Hostomska J, Dinesh DS, Kumar V, Das P, Müller I, Hamilton G,
Volfova V, Boelaert M, Das M, Rijal S, Picado A, Volf P, Sundar S, Davies CR, Rogers ME. Measurement
of recent exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of Indian visceral Leishmaniasis, by using human
antibody responses to sand fly saliva. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 May;82(5):801-7
Picado A, Das ML, Kumar V, Dinesh DS, Rijal S, Singh SP, Das P, Coosemans M, Boelaert M, Davies C.
Phlebotomus argentipes seasonal patterns in India and Nepal. J Med Entomol. 2010 Mar;47(2):283- 6
Rijal S, Bhandari S, Koirala S, Singh R, Khanal B, Loutan L, Dujardin JC, Boelaert M, Chappuis F. Clinical
risk factors for therapeutic failure in kala-azar patients treated with pentavalent antimonials in Nepal. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Mar;104(3):225-9.
Bhattarai NR, Van der Auwera G, Rijal S, Picado A, Speybroeck N, Khanal B, De Doncker S, Das ML,
Ostyn B, Davies C, Coosemans M, Berkvens D, Boelaert M, Dujardin JC. Domestic animals and
epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis, Nepal.. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Feb;16(2):231-7
Das ML, Roy L, Rijal S, Paudel IS, Picado A, Kroeger A, Petzold M, Davies C, Boelaert M Comparative
study of kala-azar vector control measures in eastern Nepal.. Acta Trop. 2010 Feb;113(2):162-6.
Picado A, Das ML, Kumar V, Kesari S, Dinesh DS, Roy L, Rijal S, Das P, Rowland M, Sundar S,
Coosemans M, Boelaert M, Davies CR. Effect of village-wide use of long-lasting insecticidal nets on visceral
Leishmaniasis vectors in India and Nepal: a cluster randomized trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Jan
26;4(1):e587.
Mondal D., Chowdhury R., Huda M.M., Maheswary N.P., Akther S., Petzold M., Kumar V., Das M.L.,
Gurung C.K., Ghosh D., Kroeger A. Insecticide-treated bed nets in rural Bangladesh: Their potential role in
the visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme (2010) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 15
(11), pp. 1382-1389. Cited 5 times.
Bhattarai NR, Dujardin JC, Rijal S, DE Doncker S, Boelaert M, VAN DER Auwera G. Development and
evaluation of different PCR-based typing methods for discrimination of Leishmania donovani isolates from
Nepal. Parasitology. 2010 Jan 29:1-11. [Epub ahead of print]
Vanlerberghe V, Singh SP, Paudel IS, Ostyn B, Picado A, Sánchez A, Rijal S, Sundar S, Davies C, Boelaert
M. Determinants of bednet ownership and use in visceral leishmaniasis-endemic areas of the Indian
subcontinent. Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print]
Rijal A Rijal S, Bhandari S. Leprosy co-infection with kala-azar.Int J Dermatol. 2009; 48(7):740-2.
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Bhattarai NR, Van der Auwera G, Khanal B, De Doncker S, Rijal S, Das ML, Uranw S, Ostyn B, Praet N,
Speybroeck N, Picado A, Davies C, Boelaert M, Dujardin JC. PCR and direct agglutination as Leishmania
infection markers among healthy Nepalese subjects living in areas endemic for Kala-Azar. Trop Med Int
Health. 2009;14(4):404-11
Bhattarai NR, Das ML, Rijal S, van der Auwera G, Picado A, Khanal B, Roy L, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D,
Davies CR, Coosemans M, Boelaert M, Dujardin JC. Natural infection of Phlebotomus argentipes with
Leishmania and other trypanosomatids in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic region of Nepal. Trans R Soc
Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
Hamarsheh O., Presber W., Yaghoobi-Ershadi M.-R., Amro A., Al-Jawabreh A., Sawalha S., Al-Lahem A.,
Das M.L., Guernaoui S., Seridi N., Dhiman R.C., Hashiguchi Y., Ghrab J., Hassan M., SchOnian
G.Population structure and geographical subdivision of the Leishmania major vector Phlebotomus papatasi as
revealed by microsatellite variation(2009) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 23 (1), pp. 69-77. Cited 9
times.
Kumar B., Ghimire A., Karki S., Upadhyaya P. Primary laryngeal leishmaniasis: A rare case report (2009)
Indian
Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 52 (1), pp. 62-64. Cited 2 times.
Alam M.Z., Kuhls K., Schweynoch C., Sundar S., Rijal S., Shamsuzzaman A.K.M., Raju B.V.S., Salotra P.,
Dujardin J.-C., Schonian G. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetic homogeneity of
Leishmania donovani strains in the Indian subcontinent (2009) Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 9 (1), pp.
24-31. Cited 29 times.
Das M, Banjara M, Chowdhury R, Kumar V, Rijal S, Joshi A, Akhter S, Das P, Kroeger A. Visceral
leishmaniasis on the Indian sub-continent: a multi-centre study of the costs of three interventions for the
control of the sandfly vector, Phlebotomus argentipes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008; 102(8): 729-41.
Alam MZ, Kuhls K, Schweynoch C, Sundar S, Rijal S, Shamsuzzaman AK, Raju BV, Salotra P, Dujardin JC,
Schonian G. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetic homogeneity of Leishmania donovani
strains in the Indian subcontinent. Infect Genet Evol. 2008 Oct 8; Epub.
Deborggraeve S, Boelaert M, Rijal S, De Doncker S, Dujardin JC, Herdewijn P, Buscher P. Diagnostic
accuracy of a new Leishmania PCR for clinical visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal and its role in diagnosis of
disease. Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Sep 16; Epub.
Ostyn B, Vanlerberghe V, Picado A, Dinesh DS, Sundar S, Chappuis F, Rijal S, Dujardin JC, Coosemans M,
Boelaert M, Davies C. Vector control by insecticide-treated nets in the fight against visceral leishmaniasis in
the Indian subcontinent, what is the evidence? Trop Med Int Health. 2008; 13(8): 1073-85.
Sundar S, Mondal D, Rijal S, Bhattacharya S, Ghalib H, Kroeger A, Boelaert M Desjeux P, Richter-Airijoki
H, Harms G. Implementation research to support the initiative on the elimination of kala azar from
Bangladesh, India and Nepal--the challenges for diagnosis and treatmentTrop Med Int Health. 2008;13(1): 25.
Boelaert M, El-Safi S, Hailu A, Mukhtar M, Rijal S, Sundar S, Wasunna M, Aseffa A, Mbui J, Menten J,
Desjeux P, Peeling R W. Diagnosis of kala-azar: a multi-centre study of the freeze dried DAT, rk39 strip test
and KAtex in East Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102 (1): 32-40.
Decuypere S, Vanaerschot M, Rijal S, Yardley V, Maes L, De Doncker S, Chappuis F, Dujardin JC. Gene
expression profiling of Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani: overcoming technical variation and exploiting
biological variation. Parasitology. 2008; 135(2): 183-194
Neupane D.P., Majhi S., Chandra L., Rijal S., Baral N. Erythrocyte glutathione status in human visceral
leishmaniasis (2008) Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 23 (1), pp. 95-97. Cited 2 times.
Bhadani P.P., Sen R., Singh R.K. Verrucous papillomatous lesion of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis:
Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of an unusual presentation [5] (2007) Acta Cytologica, 51 (2), pp. 252-254.
Das ML, Singh SP, Vanlerberghe V, Rijal S, Rai M, Karki P, Sundar S, Boelaert M. Population preference of
net texture prior to bed net trial in kala-azar endemic areas. PLoS Negl Dis. 2007; 1(3): e100
Khambu B, Mehta KD, Rijal S et al. Serum nitrite level and adenosine deaminase activity is altered in
visceral leishmaniasis. Nepal Med. Coll. J. 2007; 9: 40-43.
Das M.L., Deb M., Karki B.M.S., Sarif M., Khanal B., Bhattacharya S.K., Agrawal S., Koirala S. Use of
RK39 for diagnosis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Nepal (2007) Southeast Asian Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 38 (4), pp. 619-625. Cited 3 times.
Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling R W, Alvar J, Boelaert M. Visceral leishmaniasis:
what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007; 5(11): 873-882
Boelaert M, Bhattacharya S, Chappuis F, El-Safi S, Hailu A, Mondal D, Rijal S, Sundar S, Wasunna M and
Peeling W. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: visceral leishmaniasis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007; 5(11): 873882.
Rijal S, Yardley V, Chappuis F, Decuypere S, Khanal B, Singh R et al. Antimonial treatment of visceral
leishmaniasis: are current in vitro susceptibility assays adequate for prognosis of in vivo therapy outcome?
Microbes Infect 2007; 9(4):529-535.
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Baranwal A.K., Mandal R.N., Singh R. Fulminant hepatic failure complicating visceral leishmaniasis in an
apparently immunocompetent child (2007) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 74 (5), pp. 489-491. Cited 3 times.
Khambu B., Mehta K.D., Rijal S., Lamsal M., Majhi S., Baral N. Serum nitrite level and adenosine
deaminase activity is altered in visceral leishmaniasis. (2007) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 9 (1),
pp. 40-43. Cited 8 times.
Bhadani P.P., Sen R., Singh R.K. Verrucous papillomatous lesion of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis:
Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of an unusual presentation [5] (2007) Acta Cytologica, 51 (2), pp. 252-254.
Laurent T, Rijal S, Yardley V, Croft S, De Doncker S, Decuypere S, Khanal B, Singh R, Schonian G, Kuhls
K, Chappuis F, Dujardin JC. Epidemiological dynamics of antimonial resistance in Leishmania donovani:
Genotyping reveals a polyclonal population structure among naturally-resistant clinical isolates from Nepal.
Infect Genet Evol. 2006 Sep 26; Epub.
Sinha AK, Rijal S, Karki P, Majhi S. Incidence of magaloblastic anaemia and its correction inleishmaniasis- a
prospective study at BPKIHS hospital, Nepal.Indian J pathol Microbiol. 2006; 49:528-531.
Schenkel K, Rijal S, Koirala S, Koirala S, Vanlerberghe V, Van der Stuyft P, Gramiccia M, Boelaert M,
Visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern nepal: a cross sectional survey on Leishmania donovani infection and
its risk factors. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11:1792-1799.
Jacquet D, Boelaert M, Seaman J, Rijal S, Sundar S, Menten J, Magnus E. comparative evaluation of freeze
dried and liquid antigens in the direct agglutination test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Trop Med
Int Health. 2006;11:1777-1784.
Chappuis F, Rijal S, Soto A, Menten J, Boelaert M. A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the
direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis. BMJ. 2006;333: 723.
Rijal S, Koirala S, Van der stuyft P, Boelaert M. The economic burden of visceral leishmaniasis for
households in Nepal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 100: 838-841.
Chappuis F, Rijal S, Field validity, reproducibility and feasibility of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis
in rural Nepal Trop Med Int Health.2006; 11: 31-40.
Decuypere S, Rijal S, Yardley V, De Doncker S, Laurent T, Khanal B, Chappuis F, Dujardin JC. Gene
expression analysis of the mechanism of natural Sb(V) resistance in Leishmania donovani isolates in Nepal.
Antimicrob agents Chemother.2005; 49:4616-4621.
S.Decuypere, J.Vandesompele, V.Yardley, S.De Doncker, T.Laurent, S.Rijal, A.Llanos-Cuentas, F.Chappuis,
J.Arevalo, JC.Dujardin. Differential polyadenylation of ribosomal RNA during post-transcriptional
processing in Leishmania. Parasitology. 2005; 131:321-329.
Quispe-Tintaya KW, Laurent T, Decuypere S, Hide M, Banuls AL, De Doncker S, Rijal S, Canavate C,
Campino L, Dujardin JC. Fluorogenic assay for molecular typing of the leishmania donovani complex:
taxonomic and clinical applications. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2005; 192: 685-692.
Baral N, Mehta KD, Chandra L, Lamsal M, Rijal S, Koirala S. Adenosine deaminase activity in sera of
patiets with visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal. Tropical Doctor. 2005; 35: 86-88.
Yardley V, Croft S, De Doncker S, Dujardin JC, Koirala S, Rijal S, Miranda C, Llanos-Cuentas A, Chappuis
F.The sensitivity of clinical isolates of leishmania from Peru and Nepal to miltefosine. Am J Trop Med Hyg.
2005; 73; 272-275.
Sah S.P., Prasad R., Raj G.A. Fine needle aspiration of lymphadenopathy in visceral leishmaniasis (2005)
Acta Cytologica, 49 (3), pp. 286-290. Cited 2 times.
De Doncker S., Hutse V., Abdellati S., Rijal S., Singh Karki B.M., Decuypere S., Jacquet D., Le Ray D.,
Boelaert M., Koirala S., Dujardin J.-C. A new PCR-ELISA for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in blood of
HIV-negative subjects
(2005) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 99 (1), pp. 25-31. Cited 15
times.
Rijal S., Boelaert M., Regmi S., Karki B.M.S., Jacquet D., Singh R., Chance M.L., Chappuis F., Hommel M.,
Desjeux P., Van Der Stuyft P., Le Ray D., Koirala S. Evaluation of a urinary antigen-based latex
agglutination test in the diagnosis of kala-azar in eastern Nepal (2004) Tropical Medicine and International
Health, 9 (6), pp. 724-729. Cited 29 times.
Koirala S., Karki P., Das M.L., Parija S.C., Karki B.M.S. Epidemiological study of kala-azar by direct
agglutination test in two rural communities of eastern Nepal (2004) Tropical Medicine and International
Health, 9 (4), pp. 533-537. Cited 11 times.
Tintaya K.W.Q., Ying X., Dedet J.-P., Rijal S., De Bolle X., Dujardin J.-C. Antigen genes for molecular
epidemiology of leishmaniasis: Polymorphism of cysteine proteinase B and surface metalloprotease
glycoprotein 63 in the Leishmania donovani complex (2004) Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189 (6), pp.
1035-1043. Cited 52 times.
Boelaert M., Rijal S., Regmi S., Singh R., Karki B., Jacquet D., Chappuis F., Campino L., Desjeux P., Le
Ray D., Koirala S., Van Der Stuyft P. A comparative study of the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for visceral
leishmaniasis (2004) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70 (1), pp. 72-77. Cited 62 times.
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Rijal S., Chappuis F., Singh R., Boelaert M., Loutan L., Koirala S. Sodium stibogluconate cardiotoxicity and
safety of generics (2003) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97 (5), pp.
597-598. Cited 19 times.
Toran K.C., Prasad Sah S., Joshi A., Rani S. Ulcerative post-kala azar mucosal leishmaniasis masquerading
as a carcinoma - A case report (2003) Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 46 (3), pp. 487-489.
Cited 1 time.
Sangraula H., Sharma K.K., Rijal S., Dwivedi S., Koirala S. Orally effective drugs for kala-azar (visceral
leishmaniasis): Focus on miltefosine and sitamaquine (2003) Journal of Association of Physicians of India,
51 (JUL), pp. 686-690. Cited 17 times.
Rijal S., Chappuis F., Singh R., Bovier P.A., Acharya P., Karki B.M.S., Das M.L., Desjeux P., Loutan L.,
Koirala S. Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in south-eastern Nepal: Decreasing efficacy of sodium
stibogluconate and need for a policy to limit further decline (2003) Transactions of the Royal Society of
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97 (3), pp. 350-354. Cited 44 times.
Karki P., Koirala S., Parija S.C., Sethi M., Das M.L. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): A first
case report from Nepal (2003) Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 46 (2), pp. 214-215. Cited 1
time.
Karki P., Koirala S., Parija S.C., Sethi M., Das M.L. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): The first
case report from Nepal (2003) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 34 (1), pp.
22-23. Cited 2 times.
Chappuis F., Rijal S., Singh R., Acharya P., Karki B.M.S., Das M.L., Bovier P.A., Desjeux P., Le Ray D.,
Koirala S., Loutan L. Prospective evaluation and comparison of the direct agglutination test and an rK39antigen-based dipstick test for the diagnosis of suspected kala-azar in Nepal (2003) Tropical Medicine and
International Health, 8 (3), pp. 277-285. Cited 40 times.
Prasad Sah S., Kumar Sharma S., Rani S. Kala azar associated with malaria (2002) Archives of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, 126 (3), pp. 382-383. Cited 6 times.
Sah S.P., Rijal S., Bhadani P.P., Rani S., Koirala S. Visceral leishmaniasis in two cases of leukemia. (2002)
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 33 (1), pp. 25-27. Cited 5 times.
Prasad Sah S., Kumar Sharma S., Rani S. Kala azar associated with malaria (2002) Archives of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, 126 (3), pp. 382-383. Cited 6 times.
Sharma S.K., Das M.L., Rijal S., Sah S.P., Koirala S. Lymphatic Leishmaniasis - First case report from Nepal
(2001) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 32 (4), pp. 749-750.
Garg V.K., Agrawal S., Rani S., Joshi A., Agarwalla A., Das M.L., Koirala S. Post-kala-azar dermal
leishmaniasis in Nepal (2001) International Journal of Dermatology, 40 (3), pp. 179-184. Cited 14 times.
Gautam M.P., Rijal S., Ansari J.A., Dwivedi S. Kala-azar complicated with urinary tract infection and
typhoid fever (2001) Journal of Internal Medicine of India, 4 (3), pp. 147-149.
TUBERCULOSIS
Marahatta SB, Gautam S, Dhital S, Pote N, Jha AK, Mahato R, Mishra S, Poudel BH, Ramasoota
P, Kaewkungwal J, Singhasivanon P. katG (SER 315 THR) Gene Mutation in Isoniazid Resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2011 Jan;9(33):19-23.
Marahatta SB.Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis burden and risk factors: an update. Kathmandu Univ Med J
(KUMJ). 2010 Jan-Mar;8(29):116-25.
Gurung R., Bhattacharya S.K., Pradhan B., Gurung S., Singh Y.I. Phenotypic characterisation and drug
sensitivity testing of mycobacteria isolated from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (2010) Kathmandu University
Medical Journal, 8 (29), pp. 57-61.
Jain A.K., Singh M., Rijal R., Ramachandran V.G., Jena S.K. Comparison of culture and nucleic acid
amplification methods for diagnosis of tuberculosis of the dorsal spine (2010) Current Orthopaedic Practice,
21 (2), pp. 171-176.
Khaniya S., Koirala R., Shakya V.C., Adhikary S., Regmi R., Pandey S.R., Agrawal C.S. Isolated pancreatic
tuberculosis mimicking as carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature (2010) Cases Journal, 3 (1),
art. no. 18,
Khaniya S., Koirala R., Shakya V.C., Adhikary S., Regmi R., Pandey S.R., Agrawal C.S. Anorectal
tuberculosis coexisting with adenocarcinoma: An unusual association (2009) Cases Journal, 2 (9), art. no.
143, . Cited 1 time.
Karn N.K., Rao B.S., Prabhakar M.M. Minimal invasive anterior decompression in tuberculosis of
thoracolumbar junction of the spine - experience with SynFrame (2009) Journal of the Nepal Medical
Association, 48 (175), pp. 262-264.
Kumar B. Granuloma in sputum cytology of pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report (2009) Acta Cytologica,
53 (3), pp. 341-343.
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2012
Bhatta N., Dhakal S.S., Rizal S., Kralingen K.W.V., Niessen L. Clinical spectrum of patients presenting with
bronchiectasis in Nepal: Evidence of linkage between tuberculosis, tobacco smoking and toxic exposure to
biomass smoke (2008) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 6 (22), pp. 195-203. Cited 1 time.
Bajracharya S., Nepal P., Singh M.P., Singh G.K. Polyarticular tuberculosis in a young boy: A rare
presentation (2007) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 5 (17), pp. 112-113. Cited 2 times.
Lamsal M., Gautam N., Bhatta N., Toora B.D., Bhattacharya S.K., Baral N. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation
product, nitrite and antioxidant levels in newly diagnosed and two months follow-up patients with pulmonary
tuberculosis (2007) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 38 (4), pp. 695-703.
Cited 10 times.
George P., Agrawal A., Kumar S., Shetty J.P., Shetty R.K. Tubercular meningitis with concurrent intracranial
and intra-spinal tuberculomas (2007) European Journal of General Medicine, 4 (2), pp. 91-94. Cited 1 time.
Lamsal M., Gautam N., Bhatta N., Majhi S., Baral N., Bhattacharya S.K. Diagnostic utility of adenosine
deaminase (ADA) activity in pleural fluid and serum of tuberculous and non-tuberculous respiratory disease
patients (2007) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 38 (2), pp. 363-369. Cited 6
times.
Sinha A.K., Agarwal A., Agrawal C.S., Mishra A., Dabadi K. Tuberculous splenic abscess - A case report
and review of literature (2006) Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 49 (2), pp. 270-272. Cited 1
time.
Kumar N., Bhargava S.K., Agrawal C.S., George K., Karki P., Baral D.Chest radiographs and their reliability
in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. (2005) JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 44 (160), pp. 138142. Cited 1 time.
Kumar N., Baral D.D., Tamrakar S. Tuberculin survey in government high school of Dharan municipality
(2005) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 44 (157), pp. 13-1
Shakya R, Rao BS, Shrestha B.Management of antitubercular drugs-induced hepatotoxicity and therapy
reintroduction strategy in a TB clinic of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2005 Jan-Mar;3(1):45-9.
Gautam MP, Karki P, Rijal S, Singh R. Potts spine and paraplegia. JNMA.2005; 44; 106-115.
Sharma YR, Roy PK, Hasan M. Abdominal tuberculosis--a study of 25 cases. Kathmandu Univ Med J
(KUMJ). 2004 Apr-Jun;2(2):137-41.
Garg M., Singh S. Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma (2002) British Journal of Neurosurgery, 16 (1), pp. 7576. Cited 5 times.
Rauniyar R.K., Mukharjee S., Jawaid A.A., Sharma S., Sharma V.P., Kumar A., Rao J.S. Oesophageopericardial fistula - Rare complication of tuberculous pericarditis: A case report(2001) Asian Oceanian
Journal of Radiology, 6 (4), pp. 235-238.
Agrawal C.S., Jain B.K., Das D.N., Singh N.P. Solitary Tuberculous Abscess of Liver (2001) Jour nal of the
Indian Medical Association, 99 (10), pp. 591-592. Cited 5 times.
FILARIASIS
Kumar B., Karki S., Yadava S.K. Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of filarial infestation
(2011) Diagnostic Cytopathology, 39 (1), pp. 8-12
Sah P.S., Rani S., Mahto R. Microfilariae in lymph node aspirates [7] (2002) Acta Cytologica, 46 (1), pp. 7374. Cited 2 times.
TYPHOID
Singh R.R., Chaudhary S.K., Bhatta N.K., Khanal B., Shah D. Clinical and etiological profile of acute febrile
encephalopathy in Eastern Nepal (2009) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 76 (11), pp. 1109-1111. Cited 1 time.
Ambati S.R., Nath G., Das B.K. Diagnosis of typhoid fever by polymerase chain reaction (2007) Indian
Journal of Pediatrics, 74 (10), pp. 909-913. Cited 10 times.
Khanal B., Sharma S.K., Bhattacharya S.K., Bhattarai N.R., Deb M., Kanungo R. Antimicrobial
susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi in eastern Nepal (2007).
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25 (1), pp. 82-87. Cited 3 times. Gurubacharya RL, Karki
P.Typhoid fever in an 8-month-old infant. Nepal Med Coll J. 2006 Jun;8(2):147-8.
Sharma N, Koju R, Karmacharya B, Tamang MD, Makaju R, Nepali N, Shrestha P, Adhikari D. Typhoid
fever in Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2004 Jul Sep;2(3):188-92.
Gautam M.P., Rijal S., Ansari J.A., Dwivedi S. Kala-azar complicated with urinary tract infection and
typhoid fever (2001) Journal of Internal Medicine of India, 4 (3), pp. 147-149.
ALH
LEPROSY
Walker S.L., Roberts C.H., Atkinson S.E., Khadge S., Macdonald M., Neupane K.D., Ranjit C., Sapkota
B.R., Dhakal S., Hawksworth R.A., Mahat K., Ruchal S., Hamal S., Hagge D.A., Lockwood D.N.J. The
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2012
effect of systemic corticosteroid therapy on the expression of toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4 in
the cutaneous lesions of leprosy Type 1 reactions (2012) British Journal of Dermatology, . Article in Press.
Li W., Matsuoka M., Kai M., Thapa P., Khadge S., Hagge D.A., Brennan P.J., Vissa V. Real-time PCR and
high-resolution melt analysis for rapid detection of Mycobacterium leprae drug resistance mutations and
strain types
(2012) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 50 (3), pp. 742-753.
Bobosha K., van der Ploeg-Van Schip J.J., Zewdie M., Sapkota B.R., Hagge D.A., Franken K.L.M.C., Inbiale
W., Aseffa A., Ottenhoff T.H.M., Geluk A. Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium leprae unique antigens in
leprosy endemic populations in Asia and Africa (2011) Leprosy Review, 82 (4), pp. 445-458.
Cross H.A., Heijnders M., Dalal A., Sermrittirong S., Mak S. Interventions for stigma reduction-part 2:
Practical applications (2011) Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, 22 (3), pp. 71-80.
Walker S.L., Nicholls P.G., Dhakal S., Hawksworth R.A., Macdonald M., Mahat K., Ruchal S., Hamal S.,
Hagge D.A., Neupane K.D., Lockwood D.N.J. A phase two randomised controlled double blind trial of high
dose intravenous Methylprednisolone and oral prednisolone versus intravenous normal saline and oral
prednisolone in individuals with leprosy type 1 reactions and/or nerve function impairment (2011) PLoS
Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5 (4), art. no. e1041, . Cited 2 times.
Sapkota B.R., Macdonald M., Berrington W.R., Misch E.A., Ranjit C., Siddiqui M.R., Kaplan G., Hawn T.R.
Association of TNF, MBL, and VDR polymorphisms with leprosy phenotypes (2010) Human Immunology,
71 (10), pp. 992-998. Cited 9 times.
Berrington W.R., Macdonald M., Khadge S., Sapkota B.R., Janer M., Hagge D.A., Kaplan G., Hawn T.R.
Common polymoiphisms in the NOD2 gene region are associated with leprosy and Its reactive states (2010)
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 201 (9), pp. 1422-1435. Cited 17 times.
Tobin D.M., Vary Jr. J.C., Ray J.P., Walsh G.S., Dunstan S.J., Bang N.D., Hagge D.A., Khadge S., King M.C., Hawn T.R., Moens C.B., Ramakrishnan L. The lta4h Locus Modulates Susceptibility to Mycobacterial
Infection in Zebrafish and Humans (2010) Cell, 140 (5), pp. 717-730. Cited 58 times.
Monot M., Honore N., Garnier T., Zidane N., Sherafi D., Paniz-Mondolfi A., Matsuoka M., Taylor G.M.,
Donoghue H.D., Bouwman A., Mays S., Watson C., Lockwood D., Khamesipour A., Dowlati Y., Jianping S.,
Rea T.H., Vera-Cabrera L., Stefani M.M., Banu S., MacDonald M., Sapkota B.R., Spencer J.S., Thomas J.,
Harshman K., Singh P., Busso P., Gattiker A., Rougemont J., Brennan P.J., Cole S.T.Comparative genomic
and phylogeographic analysis of Mycobacterium leprae (2009) Nature Genetics, 41 (12), pp. 1282-1289.
Cited 69 times.
Hagge D.A., Saunders B.M., Ebenezer G.J., Ray N.A., Marks V.T., Britton W.J., Krahenbuhl J.L., Adams
L.B.
Lymphotoxin-a and TNF have essential but independent roles in the evolution of the granulomatous response
in experimental leprosy (2009) American Journal of Pathology, 174 (4), pp. 1379-1389. Cited 8 times.
Geluk A., Spencer J.S., Bobosha K., Pessolani M.C.V., Pereira G.M.B., Banu S., Honore N., Reece S.T.,
MacDonald M., Sapkota B.R., Ranjit C., Franken K.L.M.C., Zewdie M., Aseffa A., Hussain R., Stefani
M.M., Cho S.-N., Oskam L., Brennan P.J., Dockrell H.M. From genome-based in silico predictions to ex
vivo verification of leprosy diagnosis (2009) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 16 (3), pp. 352-359. Cited
19 times.
Sapkota B.R., Neupane K.D., Maharjan R.K. Single lesion multibacillary leprosy, a treatment enigma: A case
report (2009) Journal of Medical Case Reports, 3, art. no. 8, . Cited 3 times.
Sapkota B.R., Shrestha K., Pandey B., Walker S.L. A retrospective study of the effect of modified multi-drug
therapy in Nepali leprosy patients following the development of adverse effects due to dapsone (2008)
Leprosy Review, 79 (4), pp. 425-428. Cited 1 time.
Duthie M.S., Ireton G.C., Kanaujia G.V., Goto W., Liang H., Bhatia A., Busceti J.M., Macdonald M.,
Neupane K.D., Ranjit C., Sapkota B.R., Balagon M., Esfandiari J., Carter D., Reed S.G. Selection of antigens
and development of prototype tests for point-of-care leprosy diagnosis (2008) Clinical and Vaccine
Immunology, 15 (10), pp. 1590-1597. Cited 12 times.
Misch E.A., Macdonald M., Ranjit C., Sapkota B.R., Wells R.D., Siddiqui M.R., Kaplan G., Hawn T.R.
Human TLR1 deficiency is associated with impaired mycobacterial signaling and protection from leprosy
reversal reaction (2008) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2 (5), art. no. e231, . Cited 44 times.
Walker S.L., Lewis T.G., Mahat K., Hawksworth R.A. Leprosy type 1 reaction spares the scars in a patch of
borderline tuberculoid leprosy [16] (2008) British Journal of Dermatology, 158 (3), pp. 648-649. Cited 1
time.
Dhungel S., Ranjit C., Sapkota B.R., Macdonald M. Role of PGL-I of M. leprae in TNF-alpha production by
in vitro whole blood assay. (2008) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 10 (1), pp. 1-3. Cited 3 times.
Sapkota B.R., Ranjit C., Neupane K.D., Macdonald M. Development and evaluation of a novel multipleprimer PCR amplification refractory mutation system for the rapid detection of mutations conferring
rifampicin resistance in codon 425 of the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium leprae (2008) Journal of Medical
Microbiology, 57 (2), pp. 179-184. Cited 5 times.
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2012
Baohong J., Brennan P.J., Cho S.-N., Cole S.T., Gupte M.D., Gillis T.P., Htoon M.T., Katoch V.M.,
Matsuoka M., Pannikar V., Paramasivan C.N., Sapkota B.R., Schurr E., Smith W.C.S., Vissa V.D., Aparna S.
Informal consultation on rifampicin resistance in leprosy (2007) Leprosy Review, 78 (3), pp. 295-305. Cited
2 times.
Pandey B., Shrestha K., Lewis J., Hawksworth R.A., Walker S.L. Mortality due to dapsone hypersensitivity
syndrome complicating multi-drug therapy for leprosy in Nepal (2007) Tropical Doctor, 37 (3), pp. 162-163.
Cited 4 times.
Sapkota B.R., Ranjit C., Macdonald M. Rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Mycobacterium leprae from sputum by polymerase chain reaction. (2007) Nepal Medical College journal :
NMCJ, 9 (1), pp. 12-16. Cited 2 times.
Sapkota B.R., Ranjit C., Macdonald M. Reverse line probe assay for the rapid detection of rifampicin
resistance in Mycobacterium leprae. (2006) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 8 (2), pp. 122-127. Cited
6 times.
Haslett P.A.J., Roche P., Butlin C.R., Macdonald M., Shrestha N., Manandhar R., LeMaster J., Hawksworth
R., Shah M., Lubinsky A.S., Albert M., Worley J., Kaplan G. Effective treatment of erythema nodosum
leprosum with thalidomide is associated with immune stimulation (2005) Journal of Infectious Diseases, 192
(12), pp. 2045-2053. Cited 26 times.
Marlowe S.N.S., Hawksworth R.A., Butlin C.R., Nicholls P.G., Lockwood D.N.J. Clinical outcomes in a
randomized controlled study comparing azathioprine and prednisolone versus prednisolone alone in the
treatment of severe leprosy type 1 reactions in Nepal (2004) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene, 98 (10), pp. 602-609. Cited 28 times
Schwarz R.J., MacDonald M. Assessment of results of opponensplasty (2003) Journal of Hand Surgery, 28 B
(6), pp. 593-596. Cited 3 times.
Butlin C.R. Nepal network of leprosy NGOs (2003) Leprosy Review, 74 (2), pp. 163-166.
Faber W.R., Brandsma J.W., Macdonald M. Comment on 'Reports from the Workshop on the Neurologically
Impaired Foot' [3] (multiple letters) (2003) Leprosy Review, 74 (1), pp. 84-86.
De Win M.M.L., Theuvenet W.J., Roche P.W., De Bie R.A., Van Mameren H.The paper grip test for
screening on intrinsic muscle paralysis in the foot of leprosy patients (2002) International Journal of Leprosy
and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 70 (1), pp. 16-24. Cited 8 times.
Manandhar R., Shrestha N., Butlin C.R., Roche P.W. High levels of inflammatory cytokines are associated
with poor clinical response to steroid treatment and recurrent episodes of type 1 reactions in leprosy (2002)
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 128 (2), pp. 333-338. Cited 22 times.
Roche P.W., Neupane K.D., Failbus S.S., Kamath A., Britton W.J. Vaccination with DNA of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85B antigen protects mouse foot pad against infection with M.leprae (2001)
International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 69 (2), pp. 93-98. Cited 16 times.
Lemaster J.W., John O., Roche P.W. 'Jhum-jhum' - A common paraesthesia in leprosy [1] (2001) Leprosy
Review, 72 (1), pp. 100-101. Cited 2 times.
Martin E., Roche P.W., Triccas J.A., Britton W.J. DNA encoding a single mycobacterial antigen protects
against leprosy infection (2001) Vaccine, 19 (11-12), pp. 1391-1396. Cited 12 times.
MacDonald M.R.C., Brandsma J.W., Warren A.G., Cross H., Schwarz R.J., Solomon S., Kazen R., Gravem
P.E., Shrinivasan H. Complications and management of the neurologically impaired foot (2001) Leprosy
Review, 72 (3), pp. 263-275. Cited 10 times.
CIWEC
MALARIA
Gautret P., Gaudart J., Leder K., Schwartz E., Castelli F., Lim P.L., Murphy H., Keystone J., Cramer J., Shaw
M., Boddaert J., Von Sonnenburg F., Parola P. Travel-associated illness in older adults (>60 y) (2012)
Journal of Travel Medicine, 19 (3), pp. 169-177.
Schlagenhauf P., Chen L.H., Wilson M.E., Freedman D.O., Tcheng D., Schwartz E., Pandey P., Weber R.,
Nadal D., Berger C., Von Sonnenburg F., Keystone J., Leder K. Sex and gender differences in travelassociated disease (2010) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50 (6), pp. 826-832. Cited 16 times.
Perry T.L., Pandey P., Grant J.M., Kain K.C.Severe atovaquone-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in
a Canadian traveller returned from the Indian subcontinent (2009) Open Medicine, 3 (1), pp. 10-16. Cited 2
times.
Freedman D.O., Weld L.H., Kozarsky P.E., Fisk T., Robins R., Von Sonnenburg F., Keystone J.S., Pandey
P., Cetron M.S. Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers (2006)
New England Journal of Medicine, 354 (2), pp. 119-130. Cited 336 times.
Batchelor T. Post-travel illness (2003) South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal, 33 (2), pp. 91-97
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2012
Batchelor T. Malaria and the traveller (2003) South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal, 33 (1), pp.
11-18. Cited 1 time Cave W, Pandey P, Osrin D, Shlim DR. Chemoprophylaxis use and the risk of malaria in
travelers to Nepal. J Travel Med 2003;10: 100-106.
DIARRHOEA
Pandey P, Bodhidatta L, Lewis M, Murphy H, Shlim DR, Cave W, et al. Travelers` diarrhea in Nepal: an
update on the pathogens and antibiotic resistance. J Travel Med. 2011 Mar-Apr;18(2):102-8.
Yates JA, Stetz LC. Reiter`s syndrome (reactive arthritis) and travelers` diarrhea. J Travel Med. 2006 JanFeb;13(1):54-6
LEISHMANIASIS
Schlagenhauf P., Chen L.H., Wilson M.E., Freedman D.O., Tcheng D., Schwartz E., Pandey P., Weber R.,
Nadal D., Berger C., Von Sonnenburg F., Keystone J., Leder K. Sex and gender differences in travelassociated disease
(2010) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50 (6), pp. 826-832. Cited 16 times.
FILARIASIS
Lipner E.M., Law M.A., Barnett E., Keystone J.S., von Sonnenburg F., Loutan L., Prevots D.R., Klion A.D.,
Nutman T.B., Brown G., Torresi J., Carosi G., Castelli F., Chen L., Connor B., Delmont J., Parola P., Franco
C., Kozarsky P., Freedman D., Gelman S., Hall D., Guruman A., Haulman J., Jong E., Kain K., Licitra C.,
Pandey P., Schlagenhauf P., Steffen R., Schwartz E., Shaw M., Wilson M., Wittner M., Einstein A. Filariasis
in travelers presenting to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network (2007) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 1
(3), art. no. e88, . Cited 17 times.
TYPHOID
Freedman D.O., Weld L.H., Kozarsky P.E., Fisk T., Robins R., Von Sonnenburg F., Keystone J.S., Pandey
P., Cetron M.S. Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers (2006)
New England Journal of Medicine, 354 (2), pp. 119-130. Cited 336 times.
Lewis MD, Serichantalergs O, Pitarangsi C, Chuanak N, Mason CJ, Regmi LR, Pandey P, Laskar R, Shrestha
CD, Malla S. Typhoid fever: a massive, single-point source, multidrug-resistant outbreak in Nepal. Clin
Infect Dis. 2005 Feb 15;40(4):554-61.
KANTI CHILDREN HOSPITAL
JE
Rayamajhi A., Ansari I., Ledger E., Bista K.P., Impoinvil D.E., Nightingale S., BC R.K., Mahaseth C.,
Solomon T., Griffiths M.J. Clinical and prognostic features among children with acute encephalitis syndrome
in Nepal; a retrospective study (2011) BMC Infectious Diseases, 11, art. no. 294, .
Rayamajhi A., Singh R., Prasad R., Khanal B., Singhi S. Study of Japanese encephalitis and other viral
encephalitis in Nepali children (2007) Pediatrics International, 49 (6), pp. 978-984. Cited 5 times.
TYPHOID
Joshi B.G., Keyal K., Pandey R., Shrestha B.M. Clinical profile and sensitivity pattern of salmonella
serotypes in children: A hospital based study (2011) Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 31 (3), pp. 180-183.
Prajapati B., Rai G.K., Rai S.K., Upreti H.C., Thapa M., Singh G., Shrestha R.M. Prevalence of Salmonella
typhi and paratyphi infection in children: a hospital based study. (2008) Nepal Medical College journal :
NMCJ, 10 (4), pp. 238-241. Cited 3 times.
KUMS
MALARIA
Menezes R.G., Pant S., Kharoshah M.A., Senthilkumaran S., Arun M., Nagesh K.R., Bhat N.B.,
Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Karki R.K., Subba S.H., Fazil A. Autopsy discoveries of death from malaria
(2012) Legal Medicine, 14 (3), pp. 111-115.
DENGUE
Blacksell S.D., Sharma N.P., Phumratanaprapin W., Jenjaroen K., Peacock S.J., White N.J., Pukrittayakamee
S., Day N.P.J. Serological and blood culture investigations of Nepalese fever patients (2007) Transactions of
the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101 (7), pp. 686-690. Cited 10 times.
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HELMINTHIASIS
Makaju R., Mohammad A., Shakya A. Acute appendicitis: Analysis of 518 histopathologically diagnosed
cases at the Kathmandu University Hospital, Nepal (2010) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 8 (30),
pp. 227-230.
TUBERCULOSIS
Marahatta S.B., Gautam S., Dhital S., Pote N., Jha A.K., Mahato R., Mishra S., Poudel B.H., Ramasoota P.,
Kaewkungwal J., Singhasivanon P. KatG (SER 315 THR) gene mutation in isoniazid resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2011) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 9 (33), pp. 19-23.
Makaju R., Mohammad A., Thakur N.K. Scenario of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care center.
(2010) Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 8 (1), pp. 48-50. Cited 1 time.
Marahatta S.B. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis burden and risk factors: An update (2010) Kathmandu
University Medical Journal, 8 (29), pp. 116-125. Cited 2 times.
Khan S.A., Chundru S.D., Rodrigues G.S., Pokharel N., Kansakar P.S. From mono, multiple to extensive
drug resistant TB: Where are we heading for? (2007) International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, 19
(4), pp. 179-185.
Shakya R., Rao B.S., Shrestha B. Incidence of hepatotoxicity due to antitubercular medicines and assessment
of risk factors (2004) Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 38 (6), pp. 1074-1079. Cited 43 times.
Sharma Y.R. Abdominal tuberculosis--a study of 25 cases. (2004) Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2 (2),
pp. 137-141. Cited 3 times. Policy and Planning, 17 (1), pp. 78-89. Cited 26 times.
TYPHOID
Blacksell S.D., Sharma N.P., Phumratanaprapin W., Jenjaroen K., Peacock S.J., White N.J., Pukrittayakamee
S., Day N.P.J. Serological and blood culture investigations of Nepalese fever patients (2007) Transactions of
the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101 (7), pp. 686-690. Cited 10 times.
Sharma N.P., Peacock S.J., Phumratanaprapin W., Day N., White N., Pukrittayakamee S. A hospital-based
study of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Teaching
Hospital, Nepal (2006) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 37 (2), pp. 351-356.
Cited 5 times.
MANIPAL COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
HIV/AIDS
Prabhu S., Sripathi H., Gupta S., Prabhu M. Childhood herpes zoster: A clustering of ten cases (2009) Indian
Journal of Dermatology, 54 (1), pp. 62-64. Cited 2 times.
Budhachandra Y., Ramesh K., Sumitra G. Personality profile among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
positives and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients of injecting drug users (2007)
Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 5 (17), pp. 38-41.
Easow J.M., Mukhopadhyay C., Wilson G., Guha S., Jalan B.Y., Shivananda P.G. Emerging opportunistic
protozoa and intestinal pathogenic protozoal infestation profile in children of western Nepal. (2005) Nepal
Medical College journal : NMCJ., 7 (2), pp. 134-137. Cited 7 times.
Shrestha N.K., Bhatta N., Bhatta N. Current status of inpatient HIV care at a tertiary care center in Nepal
(2006) Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 38 (5), pp. 366-370.
MALARIA
Lobo S.W., Menezes R.G., Bodhe A.V., Kanchan T., Pillay V.V., Pant S.Jet-lagged individual vis-à-vis local
resident and susceptibility to malaria (2008) Medical Hypotheses, 70 (2), pp. 458-460. Cited 1 time.
Biswas R., Dhakal B., Das R.N., Shetty K.J. Resolving diagnostic uncertainty in initially poorly localizable
fevers: A prospective study (2004) International Journal of Clinical Practice, 58 (1), pp. 26-28. Cited 4 times
LEPROSY
Alam K., Poudel A., Palaian S. Fixed dose combination antimicrobials practices in Nepal - review of
literature (2010) Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 4 (5), pp. 3255-3260.
Sreeramareddy C.T., Menezes R.G., Kishore P.V.Concomitant age old infections of mankind - Tuberculosis
and leprosy: A case report (2007) Journal of Medical Case Reports, 1, art. no. 43, . Cited 2 times.
Gupta S., Palaian S., Chandradwari B., Prabhu S., Prabhu M., Bista D., Mishra P. Toxic epidermal necrolysis
due to dapsone treatment in a patient with Hansen's disease - A case report (2007) Journal of Pakistan
Association of Dermatologists, 17 (3), pp. 195-199.
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2012
HELMINTHIASIS
Jasti A., Ojha S.C., Singh Y.I. Mental and behavioral effects of parasitic infections: a review. (2007) Nepal
Medical College journal : NMCJ, 9 (1), pp. 50-56. Cited 2 times.
Easow J.M., Mukhopadhyay C., Wilson G., Guha S., Jalan B.Y., Shivananda P.G. Emerging opportunistic
protozoa and intestinal pathogenic protozoal infestation profile in children of western Nepal. (2005) Nepal
Medical College journal : NMCJ., 7 (2), pp. 134-137. Cited 7 times.
TUBERCUlOSIS
Gupta A., Mathuria J.P., Singh S.K., Gulati A.K., Anupurba S. Antitubercular drug resistance in four
healthcare facilities in north India (2011) Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 29 (6), pp. 583-592.
Sreeramareddy C.T., Ramakrishnareddy N., Shah R.K., Baniya R., Swain P.K. Clinico-epidemiological
profile and diagnostic procedures of pediatric tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal-a caseseries analysis (2010) BMC Pediatrics, 10, art. no. 57.
Dwari B., Ghosh A., Paudel R., Kishore P. A clinicoepidemiological study of 50 cases of cutaneous
tuberculosis in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pokhara, Nepal (2010) Indian Journal of Dermatology, 55
(3), pp. 233-237. Cited 1 time.
Pokhrel A.K., Bates M.N., Verma S.C., Joshi H.S., Sreeramareddy C.T., Smith K.R. Tuberculosis and indoor
biomass and kerosene use in Nepal: A Case-Control study (2010) Environmental Health Perspectives, 118
(4), pp. 558-564. Cited 11 times.
Mathuria J.P. Nanoparticles in tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment and prevention: A hope for future (2009)
Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 4 (2), pp. 309-312. Cited 3 times.
Sreeramareddy C.T., Panduru K.V., Menten J., Van den Ende J. Time delays in diagnosis of pulmonary
tuberculosis: A systematic review of literature (2009) BMC Infectious Diseases, 9, art. no. 91, . Cited 29
times.
Tak D.K., Acharya L.D., Gowrinath K., Rao Padma G.M., Subish P. Safety evaluation of antitubercular
therapy under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in India (2009) Journal of Clinical and
Diagnostic Research, 3 (2), pp. 1395-1401.
Kishore P.V., Palaian S., Ojha P., Shankar P.R. Pattern of adverse drug reactions experienced by tuberculosis
patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Western Nepal (2008) Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 21 (1), pp. 51-56. Cited 6 times.
Chhetri A.K., Saha A., Verma S.C., Palaian S., Mishra P., Shankar P.R.A study of adverse drug reactions
caused by first line anti-tubercular drugs used in Directly Observed Treatment, Short course (DOTS) therapy
in western Nepal, Pokhara (2008) Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 58 (10), pp. 531-536. Cited 1
time.
Sreeramareddy C.T., Panduru K.V., Verma S.C., Joshi H.S., Bates M.N. Comparison of pulmonary and
extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal - A hospital-based retrospective study (2008) BMC Infectious
Diseases, 8, art. no. 8, . Cited 24 times.
Dawka S., Jayakumar J., Ghosh A. Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland (2007) Kathmandu University
Medical Journal, 5 (19), pp. 405-407. Cited 1 time.
Kishore P.V., Palaian S., Paudel R., Mishra P., Prabhu M., Shankar P.R. Drug induced hepatitis with antitubercular chemotherapy: Challenges and difficulties in treatment (2007) Kathmandu University Medical
Journal, 5 (18), pp. 256-260. Cited 4 times.
Sreeramareddy C.T., Menezes R.G., Kishore P.V. Concomitant age old infections of mankind - Tuberculosis
and leprosy: A case report (2007) Journal of Medical Case Reports, 1, art. no. 43, . Cited 2 times.
Kishore P.V., Palaian S., Paudel R., Prabhu M., Van Den Ende J. Diagnostic delay in a multi-organ
tuberculosis immunocompetent patient: A case report (2007) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine
and Public Health, 38 (3), pp. 507-511. Cited 3 times.
Mishra P., Hansen E.H., Sabroe S., Kafle K.K. Adherence is associated with the quality of professionalpatient interaction in Directly Observed Treatment Short-course, DOTS (2006) Patient Education and
Counseling, 63 (1-2), pp. 29-37. Cited 25 times.
Sah S.P., Bhadani P.P., Regmi R., Tewari A., Raj G.A.Fine needle aspiration cytology of tubercular
epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis (2006) Acta Cytologica, 50 (3), pp. 243-249. Cited 13 times.
Mishra P., Hansen E.H., Sabroe S., Kafle K.K. Socio-economic status and adherence to tuberculosis
treatment: A case-control study in a district of Nepal (2005) International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung
Disease, 9 (10), pp. 1134-1139. Cited 22 times.
Kokkada S.B., Barthakur R., Natarajan M., Palaian S., Chhetri A.K., Mishra P. Ocular side effects of
antitubercular drugs - a focus on prevention, early detection and management.(2005) Kathmandu University
medical journal (KUMJ), 3 (4), pp. 438-441. Cited 5 times.
Mukhopadhyay C., Garg A., Ayyagari A. First documented cure of a suggestive exogenous reinfection in
polymyositis with same but multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis (2004) BMC Infectious Diseases, 4, 5 p.
Cited 5 times.
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2012
FILARIASIS
Jasti A., Ojha S.C., Singh Y.I. Mental and behavioral effects of parasitic infections: a review. (2007) Nepal
Medical College journal : NMCJ, 9 (1), pp. 50-56. Cited 2 times.
NPHL
JE
Khalakdina A., Shrestha S.K., Malla S., Hills S., Thaisomboonsuk B., Shrestha B., Gibbons R.V., Jacobson J.
Field evaluation of commercial Immunoglobulin M antibody capture ELISA diagnostic tests for the detection
of Japanese encephalitis virus infection among encephalitis patients in Nepal (2010) International Journal of
Infectious Diseases, 14 (SUPPL. 3), pp. e79-e84.
Wierzba T.F., Ghimire P., Malla S., Banerjee M.K., Shrestha S., Khanal B., Sedai T.R., Gibbons R.V.
Laboratory-based Japanese encephalitis surveillance in Nepal and the implications for a national
immunization strategy (2008) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78 (6), pp. 1002-1006.
Cited 9 times.
DIARRHOEA
Shrestha S.D., Malla S., Adhikari B.R., Shakya G., Basnyat S.R., Sharma S. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns
of Vibrio cholerae isolates (2010) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 49 (3), pp. 232-236.
Karki R., Bhatta D.R., Malla S., Dumre S.P. Cholera incidence among patients with Diarrhea visiting
national public health laboratory, Nepal (2010) Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 63 (3), pp. 185-187.
Cited 6 times.
TYPHOID
Malla S., Kansakar P., Serichantalergs O., Rahman M., Basnet S. Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid
fever in Kathmandu: two years study and trends of antimicrobial resistance. (2005) JNMA; journal of the
Nepal Medical Association, 44 (157), pp. 18-22. Cited 2 times.
Malta S., Kansakar P., Serichantalergs, Rahman M., Basnet S. Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid
fever in Kathmandu: Two years study and trends of antimicrobial resistance (2005) Journal of the Nepal
Medical Association, 44 (157), pp. 18-22. Cited 5 times.
Nobthai P., Serichantalergs O., Wongstitwilairoong B., Srijan A., Bodhidatta L., Malla S., Mason C.J.
Emergence and properties of fluoroquinolone resistant salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains isolated
from Nepal in 2002 and 2003 (2010) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41 (6),
pp. 1416-1422. Cited 1 time.
NHRC
DIARRHOEA
Ghimire M., Pradhan Y.V., Maskey M.K. Community-based interventions for diarrhoeal diseases and acute
respiratory infections in Nepal (2010) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88 (3), pp. 216-221. Cited 5
times.
LEPROSY
Kumar R., Singhasivanon P., Sherchand J.B., Mahaisavariya P., Kaewkungwal J.,
Peerapakorn S.,
Mahotarn K. Gender difference in socio-epidemiological factors for leprosy in the most hyper-endemic
district of Nepal. (2004) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ., 6 (2), pp. 98-105. Cited 2 times.
PAHS
MALARIA
Lafleur L., Stevens D., McKenzie K., Ramachandran S., Spicar-Mihalic P., Singhal M., Arjyal A., Osborn J.,
Kauffman P., Yager P., Lutz B. Progress toward multiplexed sample-to-result detection in low resource
settings using microfluidic immunoassay cards (2012) Lab on a Chip - Miniaturisation for Chemistry and
Biology, 12 (6), pp. 1119-1127.
Basnyat B. Malaria-attributed death rates in India (2011) The Lancet, 377 (9770), p. 993. Cited 1 time.
JE
Shrestha S.R., Awale P., Neupane S., Adhikari N., Yadav B.K. Japanese encephalitis in children admitted at
Patan Hospital (2009) Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 29 (1), pp. 17-21.
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2012
Basnyat B., Zimmerman M.D., Shrestha Y., Scott R.M., Endy T.P. Persistent Japanese encephalitis in
Kathmandu: The need for immunization (2001) Journal of Travel Medicine, 8 (5), pp. 270-271. Cited 11
times.
TUBERCULOSIS
Paudyal B.P., Pantha S., Ranjitkar N., Manandhar A., Arjyal A. A diagnosis missed for several yearsWegener's granulomatosis (2011) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 9 (35), pp. 218-221.
TYPHOID
Koirala KD, Thanh DP, Thapa SD, Arjyal A, Karkey A, Dongol S, Shrestha UM, Farrar JJ, Basnyat B, Baker
S.Highly resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with a novel gyrA mutation raises questions about the
long-term efficacy of older fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid fever.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012
May;56(5):2761-2. Epub 2012 Feb 27.
Lafleur L., Stevens D., McKenzie K., Ramachandran S., Spicar-Mihalic P., Singhal M., Arjyal A., Osborn J.,
Kauffman P., Yager P., Lutz B. Progress toward multiplexed sample-to-result detection in low resource
settings using microfluidic immunoassay cards (2012) Lab on a Chip - Miniaturisation for Chemistry and
Biology, 12 (6), pp. 1119-1127.
Arjyal A, Basnyat B, Koirala S, Karkey A, Dongol S, Agrawaal KK, Shakya N, Shrestha K, Sharma M,
Lama S, Shrestha K, Khatri NS, Shrestha U, Campbell JI, Baker S, Farrar J, Wolbers M, Dolecek
C.Gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised,
controlled trial.Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Jun;11(6):445-54. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
Baker S, Holt K E, Clements A, Karkey A, Arjyal A, Boni M F, Dongol S, Hammond N, Koirala S, Duy P T,
Nga T V T, Campbell J I, Dolecek C, Basnyat B, Dougan G, Farrar J J. Combined high-resolution genotyping
and geospatial analysis reveals modes of endemic urban typhoid fever transmission.Open biology. 10/2011;
1(2):110008.
Parry C.M., Wijedoru L., Arjyal A., Baker S. The utility of diagnostic tests for enteric fever in endemic
locations
(2011) Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 9 (6), pp. 711-725. Cited 2 times.
Kelly D.F., Thorson S., Maskey M., Mahat S., Shrestha U., Hamaluba M., Williams E., Dongol S., Werno
A.M., Portess H., Yadav B.K., Adhikari N., Guiver M., Thomas K., Murdoch D.R., Pollard A.J. The burden
of vaccine-preventable invasive bacterial infections and pneumonia in children admitted to hospital in urban
Nepal
(2011) International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15 (1), pp. e17-e23. Cited 3 times.
Parry C M, Thuy C T, Dongol S, Karkey A, Vinh H, Chinh N T, Duy P T, Nga T V T, Campbell J I, Hoang N
V M, Canh D G, Naheed A, Wain J, Hien T T, Basnyat B, Ochiai L, Clemens J, Farrar J J, Dolecek C, Baker
S. Suitable disk antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints defining Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates
with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 12/2010;
54(12):5201-8.
Nga T, Karkey A, Dongol S, Thuy H, Dunstan S, Holt K, Tu L, Campbell J, Chau T, Chau N, Arjyal A,
Koirala S, Basnyat B, Dolecek C, Farrar J, Baker S. The sensitivity of real-time PCR amplification targeting
invasive Salmonella serovars in biological specimens. BMC Infectious Diseases. 01/2010
Karkey A, Arjyal A, Anders K L, Boni M F, Dongol S, Koirala S, My P V T, Nga T V T , Clements A, Holt K
E, Duy P T, N Day J N, Campbell J I, Dougan G, Dolecek C, Farrar J, Basnyat B, Baker S. The burden and
characteristics of enteric fever at a healthcare facility in a densely populated area of Kathmandu.PloS one.
01/2010; 5(11):e13988.
Thapa R., Banskota N., Pokharel J., Subedi B.H., Basnyat B. Another typhoid patient from Japan (2010)
Journal of Travel Medicine, 17 (3), pp. 199-200.
Pulickal AS, Gautam S, Clutterbuck EA, Thorson S, Basynat B, Adhikari N, Makepeace K, Rijpkema S,
Borrow R, Farrar JJ, Pollard AJ.Kinetics of the natural, humoral immune response to Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Oct;16(10):1413-9. Epub 2009 Aug 26.
Khatri NS, Maskey P, Poudel S, Jaiswal VK, Karkey A, Koirala S, Shakya N, Agrawal K, Arjyal A, Basnyat
B, Day J, Farrar J, Dolecek C, Baker S Gallbladder carriage of Salmonella paratyphi A may be an important
factor in the increasing incidence of this infection in South Asia. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Apr 21;150(8):567-8.
Holt K.E., Baker S., Dongol S., Basnyat B., Adhikari N., Thorson S., Pulickal A.S., Song Y., Parkhill J.,
Farrar J.J., Murdoch D.R., Kelly D.F., Pollard A.J., Dougan G. High-throughput bacterial SNP typing
identifies distinct clusters of Salmonella Typhi causing typhoid in Nepalese children (2009) BMC Infectious
Diseases, 10, art. no. 144, . Cited 12 times.
Karkey A, Aryjal A, Basnyat B, Baker S.Kathmandu, Nepal: Still an enteric fever capital of the world. J
Infect Developing Countries 2008; 2(6):461-465.
Maskey AP, Basnyat B, Thwaites GE, Campbell JI, Farrar JJ, Zimmerman MD. Emerging trends in enteric
fever in Nepal: 9124 cases confirmed by blood culture 1993-2003. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008
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2012
Jan;102(1):91-5.
Pandit A, Arjyal A, Paudyal B, Campbell JC, Day JN, Farrar JJ, Basnyat B.A patient with paratyphoid A
fever: an emerging problem in Asia and not always a benign disease. J Travel Med. 2008 Sep-Oct;15(5):3645
Dolecek C., La T.T.P., Rang N.N., Phuong L.T., Vinh H., Tuan P.Q., Du D.C., Bay N.T.B., Long D.T., Ha
L.B., Binh N.T., Hong N.T.A., Dung P.N., Lanh M.N., Van Be Bay P., Ho V.A., Van Minh Hoang N., Nga
T.T.T., Chau T.T., Schultsz C., Dunstan S.J., Stepniewska K., Campbell J.I., Diep T.S., Basnyat B., Van Vinh
Chau N., Van Sach N., Chinh N.T., Hien T.T., Farrar J.
A multi-center randomised controlled trial of gatifloxacin versus azithromycin for the treatment of
uncomplicated typhoid fever in children and adults in Vietnam(2008) PLoS ONE, 3 (5), art. no. e2188, .
Cited 22 times.
Pandit A, Arjyal A, Day JN, Paudyal B, Dangol S, Zimmerman MD, Yadav B, Stepniewska K, Campbell JI,
Dolecek C, Farrar JJ, Basnyat B. An open randomized comparison of gatifloxacin versus cefixime for the
treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever. PLoS ONE. 2007 Jun 27;2(6):e542
Chau T.T., Campbell J.I., Galindo C.M., Hoang N.V.M., To S.D., Nga T.T.T., Chau N.V.V., Phung Q.T., Page
A.L., Ochiai R.L., Schultsz C., Wain J., Bhutta Z.A., Parry C.M., Bhattacharya S.K., Dutta S., Agtini M.,
Dong B., Honghui Y., Dang D.A., Do G.C., Naheed A., Albert M.J., Phetsouvanh R., Newton P.N., Basnyat
B., Arjyal A., La T.T.P., Nguyen N.R., Le T.P., Bay P.V.B., Von Seidlein L., Dougan G., Clemens J.D., Vinh
H., Tran T.H., Nguyen T.C., Acosta C.J., Farrar J., Dolecek C. Antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhi in Asia and molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones
(2007) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51 (12), pp. 4315-4323. Cited 49 times.
Basnyat B. The treatment of enteric fever. J R Soc Med. 2007 Apr;100(4):161-2.
Maskey AP, Day JN, Phung QT, Thwaites GE, Campbell JI, Zimmerman M, Farrar JJ, Basnyat B. Salmonella
enterica serovar Paratyphi A and S. enterica serovar Typhi cause indistinguishable clinical syndromes in
Kathmandu, Nepal. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 May 1;42(9):1247-53.
Woods C.W., Murdoch D.R., Zimmerman M.D., Glover W.A., Basnyat B., Wolf L., Belbase R.H., Reller L.B.
Emergence of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A as a major cause of enteric fever in Kathmandu,
Nepal
(2006) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100 (11), pp. 1063-1067. Cited
14 times.
Basnyat B., Maskey A.P., Zimmerman M.D., Murdoch D.R. Enteric (typhoid) fever in travelers (2005)
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41 (10), pp. 1467-1472. Cited 29 times.
Ansari I., Adhikari N., Pandey R., Dangal M.M., Karanjit R., Acharya A. Enteric fever: Is ciprofloxacin
failing in Nepal (2005) Tropical Doctor, 35 (1), pp. 57-58. Cited 1 time.
Murdoch D.R., Woods C.W., Zimmerman M.D., Dull P.M., Belbase R.H., Keenan A.J., Scott R.M., Basnyat
B., Archibald L.K., Reller L.B. The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan Hospital in
Kathmandu, Nepal
(2004) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70 (6), pp. 670-675. Cited 56 times. Woods
CW, Murdoch DR, Zimmerman MD, Glover WA, Basnyat B, Wolf L, Belbase RH, Reller LB.
Emergence of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A as a major cause of enteric fever in Kathmandu,
Nepal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Nov;100(11):1063-7. Epub 2006 May 22.Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, NC, USA.
SUKRARAJ TROPICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE HOSPITAL
HIV/AIDS
Amiya R.M., Poudel K.C., Poudel-Tandukar K., Kobayashi J., Pandey B.D., Jimba M. Physicians are a key
to encouraging cessation of smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-sectional study in the
Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (2011) BMC Public Health, 11, art. no. 677,
MALARIA
Thapa S., Hollander J., Linehan M., Cox-Singh J., Bista M.B., Thakur G.D., Davis W.A., Davis T.M.E.
Comparison of artemether-lumefantrine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated
falciparum malaria in eastern Nepal (2007) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77 (3), pp.
423-430. Cited 12 times.
JE
Pandey B., Yamamoto A., Morita K., Kurosawa Y., Rai S., Adhikari S., Kandel P., Kurane I. Serodiagnosis
of Japanese encephalitis among Nepalese patients by the particle agglutination assay(2003) Epidemiology
and Infection, 131 (2), pp. 881-885. Cited 5 times.
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2012
LEISHMANIASIS
Pandey B.D., Pun S.B., Kaneko O., Pandey K., Hirayama K. Case report: Expansion of visceral leishmaniasis
to the western hilly part of Nepal (2011) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84 (1), pp.
107-108. Cited 1 time.
Pandey K., Pandey B.D., Mallik A.K., Kaneko O., Uemura H., Kanbara H., Yanagi T., Hirayama K.
Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by polymerase chain reaction of DNA extracted from Giemsa's solutionstained slides (2010) Parasitology Research, 107 (3), pp. 727-730. Cited 2 times.
Pandey B.D., Pandey K., Kaneko O., Yanagi T., Hirayama K.Short report: Relapse of visceral leishmaniasis
after miltefosine treatment in a nepalese patient (2009) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
80 (4), pp. 580-582. Cited 17 times.
Pandey K., Pant S., Kanbara H., Shuaibu M.N., Mallik A.K., Pandey B.D., Kaneko O., Yanagi T. Molecular
detection of Leishmania parasites from whole bodies of sandflies collected in Nepal (2008) Parasitology
Research, 103 (2), pp. 293-297. Cited 10 times.
Pandey K., Yanagi T., Pandey B.D., Mallik A.K., Sherchand J.B., Kanbara H. Characterization of
Leishmania isolates from Nepalese patients with visceral leishmaniasis (2007) Parasitology Research, 100
(6), pp. 1361-1369. Cited 6 times.
Pandey B.D., Babu E., Thapa S., Thapa L.B. First case of cutanous leishmaniasis in Nepalese patient. (2006)
Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 8 (3), pp. 213-214. Cited 1 time.
TUBERCULOSIS
Poudel A., Nakajima C., Fukushima Y., Suzuki H., Pandey B.D., Maharjan B., Suzuki Y. Molecular
characterization of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Nepal (2012) Antimicrobial
Agents and Chemotherapy, 56 (6), pp. 2831-2836.
Poudel A., Pandey B.D., Lekhak B., Rijal B., Sapkota B.R., Suzuki Y. Clinical profiling and use of loopmediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum
(2009) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 7 (26), pp. 109-114. Cited 2 times.
Pandey B.D., Poudel A., Yoda T., Tamaru A., Oda N., Fukushima Y., Lekhak B., Risal B., Acharya B.,
Sapkota B., Nakajima C., Taniguchi T., Phetsuksiri B., Suzuki Y. Development of an in-house loop-mediated
isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and evaluation in
sputum samples of Nepalese patients (2008) Journal of Medical Microbiology, 57 (4), pp. 439-443. Cited 27
times.
TU
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
Ghimire P, Wierzba TF, Malla S, Banerjee MK, Shrestha S, Khanal B, Sedai TR, Gibbons RV. Laboratorybased Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance in Nepal and the implications for a national immunization strategy.
American J. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 2008; 78(6):1002-1006.
FILARIASIS
Ghimire P, Thakur GD, Yadav NP, Bhatta DR, Parajuli K, Pokharel RK. Prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in
an endemic district of Nepal. Journal of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2003;26:57-61
HIV/AIDS
Shrestha A.C., Ghimre P., Tiwari B.R., Rajkarnikar M. Transfusion-transmissible infections among blood
donors in Kathmandu, Nepal (2009) Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 3 (10), pp. 794-797. Cited
6 times.
Karki S., Ghimire P., Tiwari B.R., Shrestha A.C., Gautam A., Rajkarnikar M. Seroprevalence of HIV and
hepatitis C co-infection among blood donors in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (2009) Southeast Asian Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 40 (1), pp. 66-70. Cited 1 time.
Dhungana G.P., Ghimire P., Sharma S., Rijal B.P. Tuberculosis and other clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS
in patients with or without undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Kathmandu (2007) Kathmandu University
Medical Journal, 5 (17), pp. 22-26. Cited 1 time.
Adhikari N.A., Rai S.K., Singh A., Dahal S., Ghimire G. Intestinal parasitic infections among HIV
seropositive and high risk group subjects for HIV infection in Nepal. (2006) Nepal Medical College journal :
NMCJ, 8 (3), pp. 166-170. Cited 1 time.
Poudel K.C., Jimba M., Okumora J., Joshi A.B., Wakai S.Migrants' risky sexual behaviours in India and at
home in far western Nepal (2004) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 9 (8), pp. 897-903. Cited 23
times.
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2012
Singh N.B., Takao S., Ishida T.Serological survey for the infection of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus,
human immunodeficiency virus and human T-lymphotropic virus-1 among isolated ethnic groups in Nepal
(2002) Anthropological Science, 110 (2), pp. 179-183.
MALARIA
Ghimire P, Parajuli K, Epidemiology of malaria in two Eastern districts of Nepal, Kathmandu Univ Med J
(KUMJ). 2010 Jan-Mar; 8 (29):45-50.
Joshi H.H., Mahakunkijcharoen Y., Tantivanich S., Sharma A.P., Khusmith S. Detection of P. vivax antigens
in malaria endemic populations of Nepal by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies raised against thai isolates
(2004) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 35 (4), pp. 828-833.
Ghimire P, Samantaray JC, Mirdha BR. Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection by detecting PfHRPII antigen using Parasight-F test in blood and urine samples of malaria patients. Journal of Nepal Medical
Association 2001; 40:201-208
LEPROSY
Kumar A., Pandey V.C., Singh A.G., Tewari D.D. Traditional uses of medicinal plants for dermatological
healthcare management practices by the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh, India (2012) Genetic
Resources and Crop Evolution, pp. 1-22. Article in Press
HELMINTHIASIS
Devleesschauwer B, Aryal A, Joshi DD, Rijal S, Sherchand JB, Praet N, Speybroeck N, Duchateau L,
Vercruysse J, Dorny P. Epidemiology of Taenia solium in Nepal: is it influenced by the social characteristics
of the population and the presence of Taenia asiatica?Trop Med Int Health. 2012 May 30. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03017.x. [Epub ahead of print]
Shrestha A, Rai SK, Basnyat SR, Rai CK, Shakya B. Soil transmitted helminthiasis in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Nepal Med Coll J. 2007 Sep;9(3):166-9.
Shakya B., Rai S.K., Singh A., Shrestha A. Intestinal parasitosis among the elderly people in Kathmandu
Valley.
(2006) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 8 (4), pp. 243-247. Cited 5 times.
Rai D.R., Rai S.K., Sharma B.K., Ghimire P., Bhatta D.R. Factors associated with intestinal parasitic
infection among school children in a rural area of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. (2005) Nepal Medical College
journal : NMCJ., 7 (1), pp. 43-46. Cited 5 times.
LEISHMANIASIS
Adhikari S.R., Supakankunti S., Khan M.M. Choice of providers for treating a neglected tropical disease: An
empirical analysis of kala azar in Nepal (2011) Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 4 (3), pp. 234240.
Adhikari S.R., Maskay N.M., Sharma B.P. Paying for hospital-based care of Kala-azar in Nepal: Assessing
catastrophic, impoverishment and economic consequences (2009) Health Policy and Planning, 24 (2), pp.
129-139. Cited 14 times.
TYPHOID
Acharya D., Malla S., Bhatta D.R., Dumre S.P. Multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (2009)
Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 48 (174), pp. 196-197.
Amatya N.M., Shrestha B., Lekhak B. Etiological agents of bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern
in Kathmandu Model Hospital (2007) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 46 (167), pp. 112-118. Cited
2 times.
Bhatta D.R., Bangtrakulnonth A., Tishyadhigama P., Saroj S.D., Bandekar J.R., Hendriksen R.S., Kapadnis
B.P. Serotyping, PCR, phage-typing and antibiotic sensitivity testing of Salmonella serovars isolated from
urban drinking water supply systems of Nepal (2007) Letters in Applied Microbiology, 44 (6), pp. 588-594.
Cited 16 times.
DENGUE
Ghimire P, Malla S, Thakur GD, Shrestha SK, Banjeree MK, Thapa LB, Gongal G, Upadhyay BP, Gautam P,
Khanal S, Nisaluk A, Jarman RG, Gibbons RV. Identification of All Dengue Serotypes in Nepal. Emerging
Infectious Diseases 2008; 14 (10):1669-70
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2012
IOM
HIV/AIDS
Ghimire L., Smith W.C.S., Van Teijlingen E.R., Dahal R., Luitel N.P. Reasons for non- use of condoms and
self- efficacy among female sex workers: A qualitative study in Nepal (2011) BMC Women's Health, 11, art.
no. 42, .
Poudel K.C., Poudel-Tandukar K., Yasuoka J., Joshi A.B., Jimba M. Correlates of sharing injection
equipment among male injecting drug users in Kathmandu, Nepal (2010) International Journal of Drug
Policy, 21 (6), pp. 507-510. Cited 1 time.
Sharma S., Dhungana G.P., Pokhrel B.M., Rijal B.P. Opportunistic infections in relation to CD4 level among
HIV seropositive patients from central Nepal. (2010) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 12 (1), pp. 1-4.
Cited 1 time.
Sharma S., Dhungana G.P., Pokherel B.M., Rijal B.P. Clinical features of HIV/AIDS and various
opportunistic infections in relation to antiretroviral status among HIV seropositive individuals from Central
Nepal (2009) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 7 (28), pp. 355-359. Cited 1 time.
Poudel K.C., Jimba M., Joshi A.B., Poudel-Tandukar K., Sharma M., Wakai S. Retention and effectiveness
of HIV/AIDS training of traditional healers in far western Nepal (2005) Tropical Medicine and International
Health, 10 (7), pp. 640-646. Cited 4 times.
Poudel K.C., Okumura J., Sherchand J.B., Jimba M., Murakami I., Wakai S.Mumbai disease in far western
Nepal: HIV infection and syphilis among male migrant-returnees and non-migrants(2003) Tropical Medicine
and International Health, 8 (10), pp. 933-939. Cited 28 times.
MALARIA
Ranjitkar S., Schousboe M.L., Thomsen T.T., Adhikari M., Kapel C.M., Bygbjerg I.C.,Alifrangis M.
Prevalence of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium
falciparum in two districts of Nepal (2011) Malaria Journal, 10, art. no. 75 .
Parajuli K, Ghimire P.Epidemiology of malaria in two Eastern districts of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J
(KUMJ). 2010 Jan-Mar;8(29):45-50.
Parajuli K, Hanchana S, Inwong M, Pukrittayakayamee S, Ghimire P.Comparative evaluation of microscopy
and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis in suspected malaria patients of Nepal. Nepal Med
Coll J. 2009 Mar;11(1):23-7.
Banjara M.R., Sirawaraporn W., Petmitr S., Imwong M., Joshi A.B., Chavalitshewinkoon-PetmitrP.
Characteristics and risk factors of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Eastern and Central Nepal
(2009) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 7 (28), pp. 378-382. Cited 2 times.
Joshi AB, Banjara MR.Malaria related knowledge, practices and behaviour of people in Nepal. J Vector
Borne Dis. 2008 Mar;45(1):44-50.
JoshiA.B.,BanjaraM.R. Malaria related knowledge, practices and behaviour of people in Nepal(2008) Journal
of Vector Borne Diseases, 45 (1), pp. 44-50. Cited 7 times.
Suzuki A., Hamano S., Shirakawa T., Watanabe K., Endo T., Sharma S., Jha B., Acharya G.P.,Nishiyama K.,
Fukumaki Y.,Kobayashi S. The distribution of hereditary erythrocytic disorders associated with malaria, in a
lowland area of Nepal: A micro-epidemiological study(2007)Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,
101 (2), pp. 113-122. Cited 2 times.
Sherchand JB. Rapid Immunochromatographic Optimal assay for detection of Plasmodium vivax and
Plasmodium falciparum malaria from two endemic district of Nepal. Journal of Nepal Health Research
Council 2002; 1: 22-26.
JE
Joshi A.B., Banjara M.R., Wierzba T.Should vaccination be a priority approach for Japanese encephalitis
prevention in Nepal(2005) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 44 (157), p. 31.
DIARRHOEA
Strand T.A., Sharma P.R., Gjessing H.K., Ulak M., Chandyo R.K., Adhikari R.K., Sommerfelt H. Risk
factors for extended duration of acute diarrhea in young children (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (5), art. no. e36436, .
Karki R, Bhatta DR, Malla S, Dumre SP, Upadhyay BP, Dahal S, Acharya D.Resistotypes of Vibrio cholerae
01 Ogawa Biotype El Tor in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J. 2011 Jun;13(2):84-7.
Sherchand JB, Cunliffe NA, Tandukar S, Yokoo M, Pandey BD, Niraula P, Panta AR, Nakagomi O.
Rotavirus disease burden and molecular epidemiology in children with acute diarrhea age less than 5 years in
Nepal. J Nepal Paediatr Soc, 2011; 31: 209-215.
Sherchand JB, Cunliffe NA, Tandukar S, Yokoo M, Pandey BD, Niraula P, Panta AR, Nakagomi O.
Rotavirus disease burden and molecular epidemiology in children with acute diarrhea age less than 5 years in
Nepal. J Nepal Paediatr Soc, 2011; 31: 209-215.
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2012
Sherchand JB, Nakagomi O, Dove W, Nakagomi T, Yokoo M, Pandey BD, Cuevas LE, Hart CA, Cunliffe
NA. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea among children aged <5 years in nepal: predominance of
emergent G12 strains during 2 years. J Infect Dis. 2009 Nov 1;200 Suppl 1:S182-7. Uchida R, Pandey BD,
Sherchand JB, Ahmed K, and Nakagomi O. Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus diarrhoea among children
and adults in Nepal: Detection of G 12 strains with P [6] or P [8] and G11 P[25] strain. American Journal of
Clinical Microbiology. 2006: 44: 3499-3505.
Sherchand JB, Haruki K. Rotavirus diarrhea in children and animals of urban and rural Nepal. Journal of
Nepal Health Research Council. 2004; 2: 1-4
Sherchand JB, Cross JH. Parasitic Epidemiological studies of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Nepal. Southeast
Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth 2004; 35: 1-8.
Strand, T.A., Adhikari, R.K., Chandyo, R.K., Sharma, P.R., Sommerfelt, H. Predictors of plasma zinc
concentrations in children with acute diarrhea. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition2004; 79 (3):451-456.
Cited 20 times.
Dan-My T, Sherchand JB, Cross JH and Orlandi PA. Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in animal fecal
isolates from Nepal using an FTA Filter base polymerase chain reaction method. American journal Trop Med
Hyg. 2004; 71: 373-379.
Chu D.-M.T., Sherchand J.B., Cross J.H., Orlandi P.A. Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in animal fecal
isolates from Nepal using an FTA filter-base polymerase chain reaction method(2004) American Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71 (4), pp. 373-379. Cited 13 times.
Strand, T.A., Chandyo, R.K., Bahl, R., Sharma, P.R., Adhikari, R.K., Bhandari, N., Ulvik, R.J., Mølbak, K.,
Bhan, M.K., Sommerfelt, H. Effectiveness and efficacy of zinc for the treatment of acute diarrhea in young
children Pediatrics 2002; 109(5):898-903. Cited 69 times.
Sherchand JB, Cross JH. Cyclospora cayetanensis in Nepal: A study of microbiological and epidemiological
aspects. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 2003; 3: 1-8.
Rijal B, Oda Y, Basnet R, Rijal B, Parajuli K, Gurung CK, Sherchand JB.Gender variations in the prevalence
of parasitic infections and the level of awareness in adolescents in rural Nepal.Southeast Asian J Trop Med
Public Health. 2001 Sep;32(3):575-80.
Sherchand JB, Cross JH.Emerging pathogen Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Nepal. Southeast Asian J
Trop Med Public Health. 2001;32 Suppl 2:143-50.
LEPROSY
Jha R, Karki S.Limitations of clinico-histopathological correlation of skin biopsies in leprosy.JNepal Health
Res Counc. 2010 Apr;8(1):40-3.
Rajendra, Singhasivanon P, Sherchand JB. Gender difference in socio-epidemiological factors for leprosy in
the most hyper-endemic district of Nepal. Nep Med Col Journal. 2004; 6: 98-105.
BC RK, Singhasivanon P, Sherchand JB, Mahaisavariya P, Kaewkungwal J, Peerapakorn S, Mahotarn K.
Gender differences in epidemiological factors associated with treatment completion status of leprosy patients
in the most hyperendemic district of Nepal. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth 2004; 35: 334-339.
Rajendra Kumar B.C., Singhasivanon P., Sherchand J.B., Mahaisavariya P., Kaewkungwal J., Peerapakorn
S., MahotarnK. Gender differences in epidemiological factors associated with treatment completion status of
leprosy patients in the most hyperendemic district of Nepal (2004) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical
Medicine and Public Health, 35 (2), pp. 334-339. Cited 4 times.
NepalB.P.,Shrestha U.D.Ocular findings in leprosy patients in Nepal in the era of multidrug therapy (2004)
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 137 (5), pp. 888-892. Cited 8 times.
WhitcherJ.P.,Srinivasan M.,Upadhyay M.P. Corneal blindness: A global perspective(2001) Bulletin of the
World Health Organization, 79 (3), pp. 214-221. Cited 259 times.
Devleesschauwer, B., Aryal, A., Joshi, D.D., Rijal, S., Sherchand, J.B., Praet, N., Speybroeck, N., Duchateau,
L., Vercruysse, J., Dorny, P. Epidemiology of Taenia solium in Nepal: Is it influenced by the social
characteristics of the population and the presence of Taenia asiatica? Tropical Medicine and International
Health 2012 Article in Press.
HELMINTHIASIS
Thapa Magar D, Rai SK, Lekhak B, Rai KR.Study of parasitic infection among children of Sukumbasi Basti
in Kathmandu valley.Nepal Med Coll J. 2011 Mar;13(1):7-10.
Williams-Blangero S., VandeBerg J.L., Subedi J., Jha B., Correa-Oliveira R., Blangero J. Localization of
multiple quantitative trait loci influencing susceptibility to infection with Ascaris lumbricoides (2008) Journal
of Infectious Diseases, 197 (1), pp. 66-71. Cited 22 times.
Shakya B, Rai SK, Singh A, Shrestha A.Intestinal parasitosis among the elderly people in Kathmandu Valley.
Nepal Med Coll J. 2006 Dec;8(4):243-7.
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2012
Kunwar C.B., Chapagain R.H., Subba B., Shrestha M., Jha B., Subedi J., Blangero J., Williams-Blangero S.,
Towne B. Occurrence of soil-transmitted helminths in women at the Himalayan region of Nepal (2006)
Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 4 (16), pp. 444-447.
Poudyal A.K., Jimba M., Silwal R.C., Murakami I., Sherchand J.B., Wakai S. Targeting newly enrolled lowage school children for the control of the intestinal helminth infection in rural Nepal (2006) Tropical Doctor,
36 (1), pp. 16-19.
Rai DR, Rai SK, Sharma BK, Ghimire P, Bhatta DR.Factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection
among school children in a rural area of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J. 2005 Jun;7(1):43-6.
Poudyal AK, Jimba M, Murakami I, Sherchand JB. Community perception and readiness for anti-helminth
programmes in rural Nepal. Tropical Doctor, 2004; 34: 87-89.
Williams-Blangero S., Correa-Oliveira R., Vandeberg J.L., Subedi J., Upadhayay R.P., Rai D.R., Jha B.,
Blangero J. Genetic influences on plasma cytokine variation in a parasitized population (2004) Human
Biology, 76 (4), pp. 515-525. Cited 5 times.
Jimba M, Joshi AB, Sherchand JB, Wakai S. One Journal for Medline. Soil transmitted helminthes control
model in Nepal. The Lancet, 2003; 361: 1388-1389.
RijalB.OdaY.,BasnetR.,RijalB.,ParajuliK.,GurungC.K.,SherchandJ.B. Gender variations in the prevalence of
parasitic infections and the level of awareness in adolescents in rural Nepal (2001) Southeast Asian Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 32 (3), pp. 575-580. Cited 3 times.
SherchandJ.B.,CrossJ.H. Emerging pathogen Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Nepal (2001) Southeast
Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 32 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 143-150. Cited 13 times.
LEISHMANIASIS
Banjara MR, Hirve S, Siddiqui NA, Kumar N, Kansal S, Huda MM, Das P, Rijal S, Gurung CK, Malaviya P,
Arana B, Kroeger A, Mondal D.Visceral leishmaniasis clinical management in endemic districts of India,
Nepal, and bangladesh.J Trop Med. 2012;2012:126093. Epub 2012 May 9.
Chowdhury R., Huda M.M., Kumar V., Das P., Joshi A.B., Banjara M.R., Akhter S., Kroeger A.,
Krishnakumari B., Petzold M., Mondal D., Das M.L. The Indian and Nepalese programmes of indoor
residual spraying for the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis: Performance and effectiveness (2011) Annals
of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 105 (1), pp. 31-45. Cited 2 times.
Joshi AB, Das ML, Akhter S, Chowdhury R, Mondal D, Kumar V, Das P, Kroeger A, Boelaert M, Petzold
M.Chemical and environmental vector control as a contribution to the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis
on the Indian subcontinent: cluster randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. BMC
Med. 2009 Oct 5;7:54.
Neupane S, Sharma P, Kumar A, Paudel U, Pokhrel DB.Cutaneous leishmaniasis: report of rare cases in
Nepal.Nepal Med Coll J. 2008 Mar;10(1):64-7.
Petrucci R, Amer NA, Sherchand JB, Doria L, Cuevas LE. Interferon gamma, Interferon gamma induced
protein-10 and tuberculin responses of children at high risk of tuberculosis infection. Paediatric Infect Dis. J
2008;27:21-28.
NeupaneS.,SharmaP.,KumarA.,PaudelU.,PokhrelD.B.Cutaneous leishmaniasis: report of rare cases in
Nepal.(2008) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 10 (1), pp. 64-67.
Joshi A, Narain JP, Prasittisuk C, Bhatia R, Hashim G, Jorge A, Banjara M, Kroeger A. Can visceral
leishmaniasis be eliminated from Asia? J Vector Borne Dis. 2008 Jun;45(2):105-11.
Pandey K, Yanagi T, Pandey BD, Mallik AK, Sherchand JB. Characterization of Leishmania isolates from
Nepalese patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res. 2007; 100: 1361-1369.
Joshi AB, Banjara MR, Pokhrel S, Jimba M, Singhasivanon P, Ashford RW. Elimination of visceral
leishmaniasis in Nepal: pipe-dreams and possibilities. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2006 OctDec;4(4):488-96.
Joshi A.B., Banjara M.R., Pokhrel S., Jimba M., Singhasivanon P., Ashford R.W. Elimination of visceral
leishmaniasis in Nepal: Pipe-dreams and possibilities (2006) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 4 (16),
pp. 488-496. Cited 5 times.
Sherchand JB, Hommel M. Development of rapid diagnostic immunological test for the detection of urinary
antigens in visceral leishmaniasis patients of Nepal. J of Nep Biotechn Asso. 2003; 1: 51- 58.
Sherchand JB, Shah SN, Hommel M. Katex test for the detection of urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis
patients of Nepal. Journal of the Nepal Medical Association 2003;
TUBERCULOSIS
Kandel H., Adhikari P., Shrestha G.S., Ruokonen E.-L., Shah D.N. Visual function in patients on ethambutol
therapy for tuberculosis (2012) Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 28 (2), pp. 174-178.
Cuevas L.E., Al-Sonboli N., Lawson L., Yassin M.A., Arbide I., Al-Aghbari N., Sherchand J.B., Al-Absi A.,
Emenyonu E.N., Merid Y., Okobi M.I., Onuoha J.O., Aschalew M., Aseffa A., Harper G., de Cuevas R.M.A.,
Theobald S.J., Nathanson C.-M., Joly J., Faragher B., Squire S.B., Ramsay A.LED fluorescence microscopy
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2012
for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A multi-country cross-sectional evaluation(2011) PLoS
Medicine, 8 (7), art. no. e1001057, . Cited 3 times.
Adhikari P., Sinha B.K., Baskota D.K. Comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology in
diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathies (2011) Australasian Medical Journal, 4 (2), pp. 97-99.
Cuevas L.E., Yassin M.A., Al-Sonboli N., Lawson L., Arbide I., Al-Aghbari N., Sherchand J.B., Al-Absi A.,
Emenyonu E.N., Merid Y., Okobi M.I., Onuoha J.O., Aschalew M., Aseffa A., Harper G., de Cuevas R.M.A.,
Kremer K., van Soolingen D., Nathanson C.-M., Joly J., Faragher B., Squire S.B., Ramsay A. A multicountry non-inferiority cluster randomized trial of frontloaded smear microscopy for the diagnosis of
pulmonary tuberculosis (2011) PLoS Medicine, 8 (7), art. no. e1000443, . Cited 5 times.
Ramsay A., Al-Agbhari N., Scherchand J., Al-Sonboli N., Almotawa A., Gammo M., Gauchan P., Yassin
M.A., Cuevas L.E. Direct patient costs associated with tuberculosis diagnosis in Yemen and Nepal (2010)
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 14 (2), pp. 165-170.
Sharma S., Dhungana G.P., Pokhrel B.M., Rijal B.P. Opportunistic infections in relation to CD4 level among
HIV seropositive patients from central Nepal. (2010) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 12 (1), pp. 1-4.
Cited 1 time.
Petrucci R., Amer N.A., Gurgel R.Q., Sherchand J.B., Doria L., Lama C., Ravn P., Ruhwald M., Yassin M.,
Harper G., Cuevas L.E. Interferon gamma, interferon-gamma-induced-protein 10, and tuberculin responses of
children at high risk of tuberculosis infection (2008) Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 27 (12), pp. 10731077. Cited 20 times.
Dhungana G.P., Ghimire P., Sharma S., Rijal B.P. Characterization of mycobacteria in HIV/AIDS patients of
Nepal (2008) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 47 (169), pp. 18-23. Cited 2 times.
Dhungana G.P., Ghimire P., Sharma S., Rijal B.P. Tuberculosis and other clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS
in patients with or without undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Kathmandu (2007) Kathmandu University
Medical Journal, 5 (17), pp. 22-26. Cited 1 time.
Pokharel R.K.Anti-tubercular treatment regime for Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis. (2006) JNMA; journal of
the Nepal Medical Association, 45 (162), pp. 279-280.
Mohan C.I., Bishai D., Kumar S., Ten Asbroek G., Niessen L. Changes in utilization of TB health services in
Nepal (2005) International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 9 (9), pp. 1054-1056. Cited 1 time.
Baskota D.K., Prasad R., Sinha B.K., Amatya R.C.M. Frequency and effective treatment of ulcers and
sinuses in cases of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis (2005) Journal of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons Pakistan, 15 (3), pp. 157-159. Cited 1 time.
Baskota D.K., Prasad R., Sinha B.K., Amatya R.C.M.Distribution of lymph nodes in the neck in cases of
tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis (2004) Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 124 (9), pp. 1095-1098. Cited 4 times. 7335. Cited 26 times.TB/Leprosy Control Programme, Britain-Nepal Medical Trust, Biratnagar, Nepal
FILARIASIS
Jha A., Shrestha R., Aryal G., Pant A.D., Adhikari R.C., Sayami G. Cytological diagnosis of bancroftian
filariasis in lesions clinically anticipated as neoplastic. (2008) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 10 (2),
pp. 108-114.
Watanabe K., Itoh M., Matsuyama H., Hamano S., Kobayashi S., Shirakawa T., Suzuki A., Sharma S.,
Acharya G.P., Itoh K., Kawasaki T., Kimura E., Aoki Y. Bancroftian filariasis in Nepal: A survey for
circulating antigenemia of Wuchereria bancrofti and urinary IgG4 antibody in two rural areas of Nepal
(2003) Acta Tropica, 88 (1), pp. 11-15. Cited 1 time.
Sherchand JB,Obsomer V, Thakur GD, Hommel M.Mapping of lymphatic filariasis in Nepal. Electronic
Filarial Journal 2003; 2: 7 (19 March 2003) Full text (16-26).
TYPHOID
Pokhrel B.M., Karmacharya R., Mishra S.K., Koirala J.Distribution of antibody titer against Salmonella
enterica among healthy individuals in Nepal (2009) Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 8,
art. no. 1, . Cited 3 times.
Pokharel BM, Koirala J, Dahal RK, Mishra SK, Khadga PK, Tuladhar NR.Multidrug-resistant and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica (serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A) from
blood isolates in Nepal: surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives.Int J Infect Dis. 2006
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Pokharel B.M., Koirala J., Dahal R.K., Mishra S.K., Khadga P.K., Tuladhar N.R. Multidrug-resistant and
extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica (serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A)
from blood isolates in Nepal: surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives (2006)
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Acharya GP, Davis TM, Ho M, Harris S, Chataut C, Acharya S, Tuhladar N, Kafle KE, Pokhrel B, Nosten F,
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VBDRTC
MALARIA
Wijeyaratne P.M., Chand P.B., Valecha N., Shahi B., Adak T., Ansari M.A., Jha J., Pandey S., Bannerjee S.,
Bista M.B. Therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs along the eastern Indo-Nepal border: A cross-border
collaborative study (2005) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 99 (6), pp.
423-429. Cited 7 times.
NAMS
HIV/AIDS
Poudel B.N., Dhungana G.P. Scenario of HIV/AIDS patients in a government hospital of Nepal. (2010)
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 8 (2), pp. 103-106.
Paudel B.N., Chaudhary S.R., Sharma S., Dhungana G.P., Paudel P. Antiretroviral service to HIV patients of
low CD4 count in Seti Zonal Hospital (2009) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 48 (173), pp. 24-27.
Cited 1 time.
JE
Impoinvil D.E., Solomon T., Schluter W.W., Rayamajhi A., Bichha R.P., Shakya G., Caminade C., Baylis
M.The spatial heterogeneity between Japanese encephalitis incidence distribution and environmental
variables in Nepal (2011) PLoS ONE, 6 (7), art. no. e22192,
NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CENTRE
Malla P., Kanitz E.E., Akhtar M., Falzon D., Feldm ann K., Gunneberg C., Jha S.S., Maharjan B., Prasai
M.K., Shrestha B., Verma S.C., Zignol M. Ambulatory-based standardized therapy for multi-drug resistant
tuberculosis: Experience from Nepal, 2005-2006 (2009) PLoS ONE, 4 (12), art. no. e8313, . Cited 6 times.
Shrestha K.B., Malla P., Jha K.K., Shakya T.M., Akhtar M., Gunneberg C., Van Der Werf M.J. First national
tuberculin survey in Nepal (2008) International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12 (8), pp. 909915. Cited 1 time.
Ten Asbroek A.H., Bijlsma M.W., Malla P., Shrestha B., Delnoij D.M.J. The road to tuberculosis treatment
in rural Nepal: A qualitative assessment of 26 journeys (2008) BMC Health Services Research, 8, art. no. 7, .
Cited 1 time.
Newell J.N., Baral S.C., Pande S.B., Bam D.S., Malla P. Family-member DOTS and community DOTS for
tuberculosis control in Nepal: Cluster-randomised controlled trial (2006) Lancet, 367 (9514), pp. 903-909.
Cited 50 times.
Bam T.S., Gunneberg C., Chamroonsawasdi K., Bam D.S., Aalberg O., Kasland O., Shiyalap K.,
Srisorrachatr S. Factors affecting patient adherence to DOTS in urban Kathmandu, Nepal (2006)
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10 (3), pp. 270-276. Cited 15 times.
Newell J.N., Pande S.B., Baral S.C., Bam D.S., Malla P. Control of tuberculosis in an urban setting in Nepal:
Public-private partnership (2004) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 (2), pp. 92-98. Cited 48
times.
Hurtig A.K., Pande S.B., Baral S.C., Newell J., Porter J.D.H., Bam D.S.Linking private and public sectors in
tuberculosis treatment in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (2002) Health
NCASC
Srikantiah P., Ghidinelli M., Bachani D., Chasombat S., Daoni E., Mustikawati D.E., Nhan D.T., Pathak
L.R., San K.O., Vun M.C., Zhang F., Lo Y.-R., Narain J.P. Scale-up of national antiretroviral therapy
programs: Progress and challenges in the Asia Pacific region(2010) AIDS, 24 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S62-S71.
Cited 8 times.
Lamichhane G., Shah D.N., Sharma S., Chaudhary M. Ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS cases in
Nepal.(2010) Nepalese journal of ophthalmology : a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the Nepal
Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH, 2 (1), pp. 45-50. Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairahawa, Nepal.
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Dhungana G.P., Ghimire P., Sharma S., Rijal B.P. Tuberculosis co-infection in HIV infected persons of
Kathmandu. (2008) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 10 (2), pp. 96-99. Cited 1 time.Department of
Microbiology, Siddhanath Science Campus, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal.
Geary C.W., Burke H.M., Johnson L., Liku J., Castelnau L., Neupane S., Niang C. Personal involvement of
young people in HIV prevention campaign messages: The role of message format, culture, and gender (2008)
Health Education and Behavior, 35 (2), pp. 190-206. Cited 3 times.
Valley Research Group, Kathmandu, Nepal
Tiwari B.R., Ghimire P., Malla S. Study on CD4 cell responses in HIV infected subjects in Nepal. (2008)
Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 10 (1), pp. 45-47.
Nepal Red Cross Society, Central Blood Transfusion Service, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Dang S. HIV vulnerabilities and conflict dynamics understanding HIV vulnerabilities in the context of
Nepal's conflict (2007) Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 19 (SEPC. ISS.), pp. 70-71. UNAIDS,
Kathmandu, Nepal
Panda S., Azim T., Rehman N.U., Poudel G., Chaudhuri A. Reaching out to the regular female sex partners
of non-injecting and injecting drug users (IDUs): A need highlighted by research findings and ways to
address it demonstrated by a regional HIV intervention project from South Asia(2007) Substance Use and
Misuse, 42 (5), pp. 895-898. Cited 1 time.NAMUNA Integrated Development Council (NAMUNA),
Annapurna Tole-8, Bhairahawa, District - Rupandehi, Nepal
Geary C.W., Burke H.M., Castelnau L., Neupane S., Ba Sall Y., Wong E. Exposure to MTV's global HIV
prevention campaign in Kathmandu, Nepal; São Paulo, Brazil; and Dakar, Senegal (2007) AIDS Education
and Prevention, 19 (1), pp. 36-50. Cited 3 times.
Valley Research Group, Kathmandu, Nepal
Geary C.W., Burke H.M., Castelnau L., Neupane S., Ba Sall Y., Wong E., Tucker H.T. MTV'S "Staying
Alive" global campaign promoted interpersonal communication about HIV and positive beliefs about hiv
prevention (2007) AIDS Education and Prevention, 19 (1), pp. 51-67. Cited 8 times.Valley Research Group,
Kathmandu, Nepal
Suvedi B.K. Transition of HIV epidemic in Nepal (2006) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 4 NO. 1
(13), pp. 115-118. Cited 1 time.
Ministry of Health and Population, Ramshahpath, Kathmandu, Nepal
Geary C.W., Burke H.M., Neupane S., Castelnau L., Brown J.D. Does MTV reach an appropriate audience
for HIV prevention messages? Evidence from MTV viewership data in Nepal and Brazil (2006) Journal of
Health Communication, 11 (7), pp. 665-681. Cited 3 times.Valley Research Group, Kathmandu, Nepal
Singh S., Mills E., Honeyman S., Suvedi B.K., Pant N.P. HIV in Nepal: Is the violent conflict fuelling the
epidemic? (2005) PLoS Medicine, 2 (8), pp. 0705-0709. Cited 13 times.CARE-Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
Thieme S., Bhattrai R., Gurung G., Kollmair M., Manandhar S., Muller-Boker U. Addressing the needs of
Nepalese migrant workers in Nepal and in Delhi, India (2005) Mountain Research and Development, 25 (2),
pp. 109-114. Cited 9 times.
Nepal Institute of Development Studies (NIDS), PO Box 7647, Kathmandu, Nepal
Sanders J., Timsina T. Decentralised transformative leadership approaches to HIV/AIDS in Nepal, 20022004 (2004) Development in Practice, 14 (6), pp. 761-767.
ICA Nepal, PO Box 20771, Kathmandu, Nepal
Poudyal A.K., Jimba M., Murakami I., Silwal R.C., Wakai S., Kuratsuji T. A traditional healers' training
model in rural Nepal: Strengthening their roles in community health (2003) Tropical Medicine and
International Health, 8 (10), pp. 956-960. Cited 9 times.Primary Health Care Project, GTZ, Kathmandu,
Nepal
Mishra S.S., Furber A.S., Poudyal P., Rijal N., Bharadwaj A. HIV in Nepal: Times have changed [5] (2002)
Tropical Doctor, 32 (2), pp. 122-123.UMN, PO Box 126, Kathmandu, Nepal
PUBLICATIONS BY OTHER INSTITUTES
KATHMANDU MEDICAL COLLEGE
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
Shakya K.N., Dongol U.M.S., Khadka S.B. A study of abdomenal pain in children (2008 Journal of the Nepal
Medical Association, 47 (172), pp. 193-196. Cited 1 time.
HIV/AIDS
Joshi S.K. Human trafficking in Nepal: A rising concern for all (2010) Kathmandu University Medical
Journal, 8 (29), pp. 3-4.
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2012
Poudel A., Pandey B.D., Lekhak B., Rijal B., Sapkota B.R., Suzuki Y. Clinical profiling and use of loopmediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum
(2009) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 7 (26), pp. 109-114. Cited 2 times.
Jaiswal S., Magar B.S., Thakali K., Pradhan A., Gurubacharya D.L. HIV/AIDS and STI related knowledge,
attitude and practice among high school students in Kathmandu valley(2005) Kathmandu University Medical
Journal, 3 no. 1 (9), pp. 69-75. Cited 5 times.
Joshi S.K., Ghimire G.R.Serological prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and
hepatitis B virus (HBV) among healthy Nepalese males--a retrospective study. (2003) Kathmandu University
medical journal (KUMJ)., 1 (4), pp. 251-255. Cited 5 times.
LEISHMANIASIS
Joshi S., Bajracharya B.L., Baral M.R. Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) from Khotang (2006) Kathmandu
University Medical Journal, 4 NO. 2 (14), pp. 232-234. Cited 3 times.
Gurubacharya R.L., Gurubacharya S.M., Gurubacharya D.L., Quinkel J., Gurubacharya V.L. Prevalence of
visceral leishmania & HIV co-infection in Nepal (2006) Indian Journal of Medical Research, 123 (3), pp.
473-475. Cited 2 times.
LEPROSY
Neopane A., Upadhyaya B., Dungana S., Karki D.B. Study of patients presenting with symptoms of
peripheral neuropathy and thickened greater auricular nerve. (2003) Kathmandu University medical journal
(KUMJ)., 1 (1), pp. 3-7. Cited 1 time.
TYPHOID
Bajracharya B.L., Baral M.R., Shakya S., Tuladhar P., Paudel M., Acharya B. Clinical profile and antibiotics
response in typhoid fever (2006) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 4 NO. 1 (13), pp. 25-29. Cited 1
time.
Neopane A., Poudel M., Pradhan B., Dhakal R., Karki D.B. Enteric fever: Diagnostic value of clinical
features (2006) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 4 NO. 3 (15), pp. 307-315. Cited 1 time.
Mathura K.C., Gurubacharya D.L., Shrestha A., Pant S., Basnet P., Karki D.B. Clinical profile of typhoid
patients. (2003) Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)., 1 (2), pp. 135-137. Cited 4 times.
TB
Bam T.S., Enarson D.A., Hinderaker S.G., Bam D.S. Longer delay in accessing treatment among current
smokers with new sputum smear-positive tuberculosis in Nepal (2012) International Journal of Tuberculosis
and Lung Disease, 16 (6), pp. 822-827.
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
TB
Gautam M.P., Gautam S., Sogunuru G., Subramanyam G. Constrictive pericarditis with a calcified
pericardial band at the level of left ventricle causing mid-ventricular obstruction
(2012) BMJ Case Reports, .
KIST
TB
Piryani R.M., Kohli S.C., Shrestha G., Rawat T. Tuberculosis diagnosed / managed at NGMC, Teaching
Hospital, Kohalpur: a joint private-public effort. (2008) Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ), 6
(1), pp. 28-32.
NEPALGUNJ MEDICAL COLLEGE
TB
Kohli S.C., Piryani R.M. Tuberculosis: An unusual presentation (2007) Kathmandu University Medical
Journal, 5 (20), pp. 531-533. Cited 1 time.
SHREE BIRENDRA HOSPITAL
TYPHOID
Singh U.K., Neopane A.K., Thapa M., Aryal N., Agrawal K. Salmonella typhi infections and effect of
fluroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins in clinical outcome (2011) Journal of Nepal Paediatric
Society, 31 (3), pp. 216-221.
KANTIPUR COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
TYPHOID
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2012
Acharya D., Bhatta D.R., Malla S., Dumre S.P., Adhikari N., Kandel B.P. Salmonella enterica serovar
Paratyphi A: an emerging cause of febrile illness in Nepal. (2011) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 13
(2), pp. 69-73.
NEPAL MEDICAL COLLEGE
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
Kimura K., Rai S.K., Rai G., Insisiengmay S., Kawabata M., Karanis P., Uga S. Study on Cyclospora
cayetanensis associated with diarrheal disease in Nepal and Lao PDR (2005) Southeast Asian Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36 (6), pp. 1371-1376. Cited 5 times.
Uga S., Rai S.K., Kimura K., Rai G., Kimura D., Wakasugi M., Miyake Y., Ishiyama S., Rajbhandari T.P.
Parasites detected from diarrheal stool samples collected in Nepal (2004) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical
Medicine and Public Health, (1),pp. 19-23. Cited 3 times.
MALARIA
Shah R.K. Tibialis posterior transfer by interosseous route for the correction of foot drop in leprosy
(2009) International Orthopaedics, 33 (6), pp. 1637-1640.
HIV/AIDS
Tuladhar H., Marahatta R. Awareness and practice of family planning methods in women attending gyne
OPD at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. (2008) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 10 (3), pp.
184-191. Cited 3 times.
Dhungel B.A., Dhungel K.U., Easow J.M., Singh Y.I. Opportunistic infection among HIV seropositive cases
in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal (2008) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 6 (23), pp.
335-339.
Arijit G., Shalini C. Opportunistic infection associated to HIV/AIDS in Nepal [2] (2007) Medical Journal of
Malaysia, 62 (1), p. 88.
Pramanik T., Pramanik S., Chanda R.Postage stamps as a health promotion tool in the Nepalese community
(2004) Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 10 (3), pp. 442-444.
HELMINTHIASIS
Kimura K., Rai S.K., Rai G., Insisiengmay S., Kawabata M., Karanis P., Uga S. Study on Cyclospora
cayetanensis associated with diarrheal disease in Nepal and Lao PDR (2005) Southeast Asian Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36 (6), pp. 1371-1376. Cited 5 times.
Sharma B.K., Rai S.K., Rai D.R., Choudhury D.R. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in
schoolchildren in the northeastern part of Kathmandu valley, Nepal (2004) Southeast Asian Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 35 (3), pp. 501-505. Cited 6 times.
Uga S., Rai S.K., Kimura K., Rai G., Kimura D., Wakasugi M., Miyake Y., Ishiyama S., Rajbhandari T.P.
Parasites detected from diarrheal stool samples collected in Nepal (2004) Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical
Medicine and Public Health, 35 (1), pp. 19-23. Cited 3 times.
TYPHOID
Pathak R., Sharma A., Khanal A. Enteric fever with severe pancytopenia in a four year girl (2010) Journal of
the Nepal Medical Association, 50 (4), pp. 313-315.
TB
Shrestha S., Bichha R.P., Sharma A., Upadhyay S., Rijal P. Clinical profile of tuberculosis in children. (2011)
Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 13 (2), pp. 119-122.
CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE
DENGUE
Sedhain A., Adhikari S., Regmi S., Chaudhari S.K., Shah M., Shrestha B. Fulminant hepatic failure due to
Dengue(2011) Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 9 (34), pp. 73-75.
LEPROSY
Mathur M.C., Ghimire R.B.K., Shrestha P., Kedia S.K. Clinicohistopathological correlation in leprosy (2011)
Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 9 (36), pp. 248-251. journal (KUMJ)., 1 (1), pp. 3-7. Cited 1 time.
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2012
TYPHOID
Lewis M.D., Serichantalergs O., Pitarangsi C., Chuanak N., Mason C.J., Regmi L.R., Pandey P., Laskar R.,
Shrestha C.D., Malla S. Typhoid fever: A massive, single-point source, multidrug-resistant outbreak in Nepal
(2005) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40 (4), pp. 554-561. Cited 24 times.
UCMS
FILARIASIS
Rajendra K. Microfilariae in lymph node aspirate associated with metastatic gastric carcinoma: A case report
(2010) Acta Cytologica, 54 (3), pp. 319-320.
Pokharel D.R., Srikanth E., Rathaur S. Screening of different classes of proteases in microfilarial and adult
stages of Setaria cervi (2009) Parasitology Research, 104 (6), pp. 1399-1405. Cited 1 time.
HIV/AIDS
Chandler A., Pahoa V.K. Evidence for HIV-2 infection in Nepal. (2004) Nepal Medical College journal :
NMCJ, 6 (1), pp. 60-61. Cited 3 times.
Chander A., Pahwa V.K. Status of infectious disease markers among blood donors in a teaching hospital,
Bhairahawa, Western Nepal (2003) Journal of Communicable Diseases, 35 (3), pp. 188-197. Cited 2 times.
TB
Gautam N., Aryal M., Bhatta N., Bhattacharya S.K., Baral N., Lamsal M. Comparative study of cerebrospinal
fluid adenosine deaminase activity in patients with meningitis. (2007) Nepal Medical College journal :
NMCJ, 9 (2), pp. 104-106. Cited 8 times.
Newell J.N., Pande S.B., Baral S.C., Bam D.S., Malla P. Leadership, management and technical lessons
learnt from a successful public-private partnership for TB control in Nepal (2005) International Journal of
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 9 (9), pp. 1013-1017. Cited 9 times.
NEPAL POLICE HOSPITAL
DENGUE
Paudel D., Jarman R., Limkittikul K., Klungthong C., Chamnanchanunt S., Nisalak A., Gibbons R.,
Chokejindachai W. Comparison of real-time SYBR green dengue assay with real-time taqman RT-PCR
dengue assay and the conventional nested PCR for diagnosis of primary and secondary dengue infection
(2011) North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 3 (10), pp. 478-485.
NATIONAL COLLEGE
DENGUE
Sah O.P., Subedi S., Morita K., Inone S., Kurane I., Pandey B.D. Serological study of dengue virus infection
in Terai region, Nepal. (2009) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 11 (2), pp. 104-106.
OTHERS
TYPHOID
Woods CW, Murdoch DR, Zimmerman MD, Glover WA, Basnyat B, Wolf L, Belbase RH, Reller LB.
Emergence of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A as a major cause of enteric fever in Kathmandu,
Nepal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Nov;100(11):1063-7. Epub 2006 May 22.
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
Siegel E.H., Kordas K., Stoltzfus R.J., Katz J., Khatry S.K., LeClerq S.C., Tielsch J.M.Inconsistent effects of
iron-folic acid and/or zinc supplementation on the cognitive development of infants (2011) Journal of Health,
Population and Nutrition, 29 (6), pp.593-604.Nepal Nutrition Project-Sarlahi, Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh,
Kathmandu, Nepal
Khanal S., Sharma J., Vijay Singh G.C., Dawson P., Houston R., Khadka N., Yengden B. Community health
workers can identify and manage possible infections in neonates and young infants: Mini-A model from
Nepal (2011) Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 29 (3), pp. 255-264. Cited 3 times.
Save the Children/Saving Newborn Lives, Kathmandu, Nepal
HELMINTHIASIS
Shrestha AK, Enriquez FJ.Short report: Prevalence of fecal Encephalitozoon sp. spores among hospitalized
patients in Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Nov;65(5):648-9.
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2012
Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
Walson JL, Marshall B, Pokhrel BM, Kafle KK, Levy SB. Carriage of antibiotic-resistant fecal bacteria in
Nepal reflects proximity to Kathmandu. J Infect Dis. 2001 Nov 1;184(9):1163-9. Epub 2001 Sep 26.
Departments of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison
Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA. [email protected]
Manandhar S., Horchner F., Morakote N., Kyule M.N., Baumann M.P.O. Occurrence of hydatidosis in
slaughter buffaloes (Bos bubalis) and Helminths in stray dogs in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (2006) Berliner
und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 119 (7-8), pp. 308-311. Cited 2 times. Department of Livestock
Services, Kathmandu, Nepal
Christian P., Khatry S.K., West Jr. P.K.P. Antenatal anthelmintic treatment, birthweight, and infant survival
in rural Nepal (2004) Lancet, 364 (9438), pp. 981-983. Cited 60 times. Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project,
Sarlahi, Society for Prevention of Blindness, Kathmandu, Nepal
Albonico M., Mathema P., Montresor A., Khakurel B., Reggi V., Pandey S., Savioli L. Comparative study of
the quality and efficacy of originator and generic albendazole for mass treatment of soil-transmitted
nematode infections in Nepal (2007) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
101 (5), pp. 454-460. Cited 11 times.
UNICEF
HIV/AIDS
Wilson E., Pant S.B., Comfort M., Ekstrand M. Stigma and HIV risk among Metis in Nepal (2011) Culture,
Health and Sexuality, 13 (3), pp. 253-266. Cited 1 time.
Blue Diamond Society, Kathmandu, Nepal
Regmi P.R., van Teijlingen E., Simkhada P., Acharya D.R. Barriers to sexual health services for young
people in Nepal (2010) Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 28 (6), pp. 619-627.
Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Nepal
Adhikari R. Are Nepali students at risk of HIV? A cross-sectional study of condom use at first sexual
intercourse among college students in Kathmandu (2010) Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13 (1),
art. no. 7, . Cited 2 times.
Geography and Population Department, Mahendra Ratna Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Simkhada P.P., Baral Y.R., Van Teijlingen E.R. Health and medical research in Nepal: A bibliometric review
(2010) Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 22 (4), pp. 492-500. Cited 2 times.
Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal
Regmi K. Opportunities and challenges of sexual health services among young people: A study in
Nepal(2009) Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6 (2), pp. 352-361.
Ministry of Health-Infectious Disease Control, Kathmandu, Nepal
Poudel K.C., Jimba M., Okumura J., Sharma M., Poudel K., Wakai S. Migration in far western Nepal: A time
bomb for a future HIV/AIDS epidemic? (2004) Tropical Doctor, 34 (1), pp. 30-31. Cited 14 times.
Rsrc. Centre for Primary Health Care, Kathmandu, Nepal
JE
Kubo T, Rai SK, Rawal S, Yamano T.Serological study of Japanese encephalitis in Nepal. Southeast Asian J
Trop Med Public Health. 1993 Dec;24(4):756-61.Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Faculty, Kathmandu.
Ogawa S, Shrestha MP, Rai SK, Parajuli MB, Rai JN, Ghimire SC, Hirai K, Nagata K, Tamura T, Isegawa Y,
et al. Serological and virological studies of Japanese encephalitis in the Terai region of Nepal. Southeast
Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1992 Mar;23(1):37-43.Department of Preventive Medicine,
Osaka University, Japan.
Joshi D.D. Japanese encephalitis vaccination in children population of Nepal during the year
2005, and
2008 (2009) Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 29 (2), pp. 85-91. National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene
Research Centre (NZFHRC)
LEISHMANIASIS
Joshi D.D. Study of visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in children of Nepal (2009) Journal of Nepal
Paediatric Society, 29 (2), pp. 67-73. Cited 1 time. National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre
(NZFHRC), GPO Box: 1885 Chagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Joshi D.D., Sharma M., Bhandari S. Visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal during 1980-2006 (2006) Journal of
Communicable Diseases, 38 (2), pp. 139-148. Cited 5 times. National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research
Centre (NZFHRC) Chagal, House no. 468/32, KMC, Jeevan Smriti Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal
TB
Yoshiyama T., Shrestha B., Maharjan B. Risk of relapse and failure after retreatment with the Category II
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2012
regimen in Nepal (2010) International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 14 (11), pp. 1418-1423.
Cited 1 time.
German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shrestha L., Jha K.K., Malla P. Changing tuberculosis trends in Nepal in the period 2001-2008.(2010) Nepal
Medical College journal : NMCJ, 12 (3), pp. 165-170.
Save the Children, Nepal.
Kirwan D.E., Nicholson B.D., Baral S.C., Newell J.N. The social reality of migrant men with tuberculosis in
Kathmandu: Implications for DOT in practice (2009) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 14 (12),
pp. 1442-1447. Cited 1 time.
Health Research and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
Basnet R., Hinderaker S.G., Enarson D., Malla P., Morkve O. Delay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Nepal
(2009) BMC Public Health, 9, art. no. 236, . Cited 7 times.
National Tuberculosis Programme, Kathmandu, Nepal
Lakhey M., Bhatta C.P., Mishra S. Diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy by fine needle aspiration
cytology, acid-fast staining and mantoux test (2009) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 48 (175), pp.
230-233.
Medicare National Hospital and Research Centre, Chabahil, Kathmandu, Nepal
Mirzoev T.N., Baral S.C., Karki D.K., Green A.T., Newell J.N. Community-based DOTS and family member
DOTS for TB control in Nepal: Costs and cost-effectiveness (2008) Cost Effectiveness and Resource
Allocation, 6, art. no. 20, .
Health Research and Social Development Forum, PO Box 24133, Kathmandu, Nepal
Dhungana G.P., Ghimire P., Sharma S., Rijal B.P. Tuberculosis co-infection in HIV infected persons of
Kathmandu. (2008) Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 10 (2), pp. 96-99. Cited 1 time.
Department of Microbiology, Siddhanath Science Campus, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal.
Thomas C., Newell J.N., Baral S.C., Byanjankar L.The contribution of volunteers to a successful communityorientated tuberculosis treatment centre in an urban setting in Nepal: A qualitative assessment of volunteers'
roles and motivations (2007) Journal of Health, Organisation and Management, 21 (6), pp. 554-572. Cited 3
times.
Health and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
Martin A., Preston C., Byanjankar L., Bam D.S., Pande S.B., Baral S.C., Newell J.N. Estimated numbers of
new TB cases in Patan, a city in Nepal (2007) Journal of Health, Organisation and Management, 21 (6), pp.
546-553. Cited 1 time.
Health Research and Social and Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
Baral S.C., Karki D.K., Newell J.N. Causes of stigma and discrimination associated with tuberculosis in
Nepal: A qualitative study (2007) BMC Public Health, 7, art. no. 211, . Cited 22 times.
Health Research and Social Development Forum (HERD), PO Box 24133, Kathmandu, Nepal
Chiang C.-Y., Trebucq A., Billo N., Khortwong P., Elmoghazy E., Begum V., Aditama T.Y., Ansari A.,
Baral S.C., Vianzon R.G. A survey of TB services in hospitals in seven large cities in Asia and North Africa
(2007) International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 11 (7), pp. 739-746. Cited 5 times.
Health Research and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
Karki D.K., Mirzoev T.N., Green A.T., Newell J.N., Baral S.C. Costs of a successful public-private
partnership for TB control in an urban setting in Nepal (2007) BMC Public Health, 7, art. no. 84, . Cited 4
times.
Health Research and Social Development Forum, PO Box 24133, Kathmandu, Nepal
Joshi Y.P., Mishra P.N., Joshi D.D. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in far western Nepal(2005) Journal
of the Nepal Medical Association, 44 (158), pp. 47-50.
National Zoonosis and Food Hygiene Research Centre, Chagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Spiegel D.A., Singh G.K., Banskota A.K. Tuberculosis of the musculoskeletal system (2005) Techniques in
Orthopaedics, 20 (2), pp. 167-178. Cited 6 times.
Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for Disabled Children, Banepa, Nepal
Mansour A.M., Frenck Jr. R.W., Darville T., Nakhla I.A., Wierzba T.F., Sultan Y., Bassiouny M.I.,
McCarthy K., Jacobs R.F. Relationship between intracranial granulomas and cerebrospinal fluid levels of
gamma interferon and interleukin-10 in patients with tuberculous meningitis (2005) Clinical and Diagnostic
Laboratory Immunology, 12 (2), pp. 363-365. Cited 4 times.
EPI and Polio Eradication, World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal
Urbanczik R., Shrestha B., Maharjan B., Neher A., Feldmann K. Appropriateness of using two instead of a
single sputum specimen for monitoring treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (2004) International Journal of
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 8 (12), p. 1510. Cited 1 time.
Ger. Nepal TB Project (GENETUP), Kalimati, Khatmandu, Nepal
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2012
Wares D.F., Singh S., Acharya A.K., Dangi R. Non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment in the eastern Tarai
of Nepal (2003) International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 7 (4), pp. 327-335. Cited 26 times.
TB/Leprosy Control Programme, Britain-Nepal Medical Trust, Biratnagar, Nepal
WHO
JE
Bhattachan A., Amatya S., Sedai T.R., Upreti S.R., Partridge J. Japanese encephalitis in hill and mountain
districts, Nepal (2009) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15 (10), pp. 1691-1692. Cited 4 times.
Pant S.D. Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in Nepal (2009) Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 29 (1),
pp. 35-37. Cited 2 times.
Partridge J., Ghimire P., Sedai T., Bista M.B., Banerjee M. Endemic Japanese encephalitis in the Kathmandu
valley, Nepal (2007) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77 (6), pp. 1146-1149. Cited 12
times.
Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training
JE
Sohn Y.M., Tandan J.B., Yoksan S., Ji M., Ohrr H. A 5-year follow-up of antibody response in children
vaccinated with single dose of live attenuated SA14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine: Immunogenicity and
anamnestic responses (2008) Vaccine, 26 (13), pp. 1638-1643. Cited 8 times.
Tandan J.B., Ohrr H., Sohn Y.M., Yoksan S., Ji M., Nam C.M., Halstead S.B. Single dose of SA 14-14-2
vaccine provides long-term protection against Japanese encephalitis: A case-control study in Nepalese
children 5 years after immunization (2007) Vaccine, 25 (27), pp. 5041-5045. Cited 33 times.
Ohrr H., Tandan J.B., Sohn Y.M., Shin S.H., Pradhan D.P., Halstead S.B. Effect of single dose of SA 14-142 vaccine 1 year after immunisation in Nepalese children with Japanese encephalitis: A case-control study
(2005) Lancet, 366 (9494), pp. 1375-1378. Cited 32 times.
EDCD
JE
Bista M.B., Shrestha J.M. Epidemiological situation of Japanese encephalitis in Nepal (2005) Journal of the
Nepal Medical Association, 44 (158), pp. 51-56. Cited 14 times.
Bista M.B., Banerjee M.K., Shin S.H., Tandan J.B., Kim M.H., Sohn Y.M., Ohrr H.C., Tang J.L., Halstead
S.B. Efficacy of single-dose SA 14-14-2 vaccine against Japanese encephalitis: A case control study (2001)
Lancet, 358 (9284), pp. 791-795. Cited 60 times.
NYAYA HEALTH
LEISHMANIASIS
Schwarz D., Andrews J., Gauchan B.Visceral leishmaniasis in Far Western Nepal: Another case and concerns
about a new area of endemicity (2011) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84 (3), p. 508.
TB
Schwarz D., Schwarz R., Gauchan B., Andrews J., Sharma R., Karelas G., Rajbhandari R., Acharya B., Mate
K., Bista A., Bista M.G., Sox C., Maru D.S.-R. Implementing a systems-oriented morbidity and mortality
conference in remote rural Nepal for quality improvement (2011) BMJ Quality and Safety, 20 (12), pp. 10821088.
Cuevas L.E., Yassin M.A., Al-Sonboli N., Lawson L., Arbide I., Al-Aghbari N., Sherchand J.B., Al-Absi A.,
Emenyonu E.N., Merid Y., Okobi M.I., Onuoha J.O., Aschalew M., Aseffa A., Harper G., de Cuevas R.M.A.,
Kremer K., van Soolingen D., Nathanson C.-M., Joly J., Faragher B., Squire S.B., Ramsay A. A multicountry non-inferiority cluster randomized trial of frontloaded smear microscopy for the diagnosis of
pulmonary tuberculosis (2011) PLoS Medicine, 8 (7), art. no. e1000443, . Cited 5 times.
INTERNATIONAL NEPAL FELLOWSHIP
Feuth M., Brandsma J.W., Faber W.R., Bhattarai B., Feuth T., Anderson A.M. Erythema nodosum leprosum
in Nepal: A retrospective study of clinical features and response to treatment with prednisolone or
thalidomide (2008) Leprosy Review, 79 (3), pp. 254-269. Cited 5 times.
Brandsma J.W., Harijan T., Wagle P., Baxter K.A. Partnership for rehabilitation: looking beyond
impairments. (2008) Indian journal of leprosy, 80 (1), pp. 19-29.
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2012
Brandsma J.W., Bhattarai B., Anderson A. Skin lesions in proximity to nerves at risk in leprosy: A reason to
start immunosuppressive drugs and an indicator to the transmission of leprosy (2007) Indian Journal of
Leprosy, 79 (4), pp. 185-194. Cited 1 time.
Marlowe S.N.S., Leekassa R., Bizuneh E., Knuutilla J., Ale P., Bhattarai B., Sigdel H., Anderson A., Nicholls
P.G., Johnston A., Holt D., Lockwood D.N.J. Response to ciclosporin treatment in Ethiopian and Nepali
patients with severe leprosy Type 1 reactions(2007) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine
and Hygiene, 101 (10), pp. 1004-1012. Cited 8 times.
Schwarz R.J., Brandsma J.W. Re-enablement of the neurologically impaired hand - 2: Surgical correction.
Report of a Surgical Workshop held at Green Pastures Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre,November 2004,
Pokhara, Nepal (2006) Leprosy Review, 77 (4), pp. 326-342.
Schwarz R.J., Macdonald M.R.C., van der Pas M. Results of arthrodesis in neuropathic feet (2006) Journal of
Bone and Joint Surgery - Series B, 88 (6), pp. 747-750. Cited 2 times.
Schwarz R. Reverse medial plantar artery flap (2006) Leprosy Review, 77 (1), pp. 69-75.
Van Brakel W.H., Anderson A.M., Mutatkar R.K., Bakirtzief Z., Nicholls P.G., Raju M.S., Das-Pattanayak
R.K. The Participation Scale: Measuring a key concept in public health (2006) Disability and Rehabilitation,
28 (4), pp. 193-203. Cited 68 times.
Brandsma J.W., Yoder L., Macdonald M. Leprosy acquired by inoculation from a knee injury (2005) Leprosy
Review, 76 (2), pp. 175-179. Cited 9 times.
Brandsma J.W., Schwarz R.J., Anderson A.M., Herm F.B. Transformation of a leprosy hospital in Nepal into
a rehabilitation centre: The Green Pastures Hospital experience (2005) Leprosy Review, 76 (4), pp. 267-276.
Cited 3 times.
Hari B.C., Schwarz R. Syme's/Boyd prosthesis: A new modification [2] (2005) Leprosy Review, 76 (1), pp.
97-98.
Schwarz R.J., Macdonald M. A rational approach to nasal reconstruction in leprosy (2004) Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery, 114 (4), pp. 876-882. Cited 5 times.
Smith W.C.S., Anderson A.M., Withington S.G., Van Brakel W.H., Croft R.P., Nicholls P.G., Richardus J.H.
Steroid prophylaxis for prevention of nerve function impairment in leprosy: Randomised placebo controlled
trial (TRIPOD 1) (2004) British Medical Journal, 328 (7454), pp. 1459-1462. Cited 36 times.
Knuuttila J.P. The fulfilment of health care needs of leprosy patients from Kaski District, Nepal (2004)
Leprosy Review, 75 (2), pp. 153-156.
Brandsma W., Larsen M., Richard C., Ebenezer M. Inter-rater reliability of WHO 'disability' grading (2004)
Leprosy Review, 75 (2), pp. 131-134. Cited 4 times.
Brandsma J.W., Schwarz R.J. Re-enablement of the neurologically impaired hand - 1: Terminology, applied
anatomy and assessment. Report of a Surgical Workshop held at Green Pastures Hospital and Rehabilitation
Centre, November 2004, Pokhara, Nepal (2006) Leprosy Review, 77 (4), pp. 317-325. Cited 1 time.
Smith W.C.S., Anderson A.M., Withington S.G., Van Brakel W.H., Croft R.P., Nicholls P.G., Richardus J.H.
Steroid prophylaxis for prevention of nerve function impairment in leprosy: Randomised placebo controlled
trial (TRIPOD 1) (2004) British Medical Journal, 328 (7454), pp. 1459-1462. Cited 36 times.
Brandsma J.W. Lessons from leprosy rehabilitation for general rehablilitation (2003) Ethiopian Medical
Journal, 41 (1), pp. 77-87. Cited 3 times.
Richardus J.H., Withington S.G., Anderson A.M., Croft R.P., Nicholls P.G., Van Brakel W.H., Smith W.C.S.
Treatment with corticosteroids of long-standing nerve function impairment in leprosy: A randomized
controlled trial (TRIPOD 3) (2003) Leprosy Review, 74 (4), pp. 311-318. Cited 21 times.
Van Brakel W.H., Anderson A.M., Withington S.G., Croft R.P., Nicholls P.G., Richardus J.H., Smith W.C.S.
The prognostic importance of detecting mild sensory impairment in leprosy: A randomized controlled trial
(TRIPOD 2) (2003) Leprosy Review, 74 (4), pp. 300-310. Cited 24 times.
Richardus J.H., Withington S.G., Anderson A.M., Croft R.P., Nicholls P.G., Van Brakel W.H., Smith W.C.S.
Adverse events of standardized regimens of corticosteroids for prophylaxis and treatment of nerve function
impairment in leprosy: Results from the 'TRIPOD' trials (2003) Leprosy Review, 74 (4), pp. 319-327. Cited
16 times.
Brandsma J.W., Van Brakel W.H. WHO disability grading: Operational definitions (2003) Leprosy Review,
74 (4), pp. 366-373. Cited 14 times.
Herm F.B., Brandsma J.W., Schwarz R.J. Innovative techniques for medical rehabilitation in developing
countries: Experiences with the management of neuropathic limbs in leprosy (2003) Physikalische Medizin
Rehabilitationsmedizin Kurortmedizin, 13 (4), pp. 220-225. Cited 2 times.
Richard B.M. Location of the extracranial extent of leprous facial nerve pathology may allow leprous facial
palsy to be reanimated by free muscle transfer (2003) British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 56 (1), pp. 14-19.
Cited 1 time.
Turkof E., Richard B., Assadian O., Khatri B., Knolle E., Lucas S. Leprosy affects facial nerves in a scattered
distribution from the main trunk to all peripheral branches and neurolysis improves muscle function of the
face (2003) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68 (1), pp. 81-88. Cited 9 times.
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McEvitt E., Schwarz R. Tendon transfer for triple nerve paralysis of the hand in leprosy (2002) Leprosy
Review, 73 (4), pp. 319-325. Cited 2 times.
Brandsma J.W., Van Brakel W.H. Protocol for motor function assessment in leprosy and related research
questions (2001) Indian Journal of Leprosy, 73 (2), pp. 145-158. Cited 1 time.
Brandsma J.W. Splinting in leprosy (2001) Indian Journal of Leprosy, 73 (1), pp. 37-45. Cited 1 time.
Brandsma J.W., MacDonald M.R.C., Warren A.G., Cross H., Schwarz R.J., Solomon S., Kazen R., Gravem
P.E., Shrinivasan H. Assessment and examination of the neurologically impaired foot (2001) Leprosy
Review, 72 (3), pp. 254-262. Cited 9 times.
NEPAL LEPROSY TRUST
Cross H., Choudhary R. STEP: An intervention to address the issue of stigma related to leprosy in southern
Nepal (2005) Leprosy Review, 76 (4), pp. 316-324. Cited 33 times.
Cross H., Newcombe L. An intensive self care training programme reduces admissions for the treatment of
plantar ulcers (2001) Leprosy Review, 72 (3), pp. 276-284. Cited 19 times.
NEPALGUNJ MEDICAL COLLEGE
LEPROSY
Jain M.C. Leprosy scenario in Nepal (2008) Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 47 (172), pp. 259-263.
NATIONAL LEPROSY CONTROL PROGRAMME, KATHMANDU, NEPAL
Varkevisser C.M., Lever P., Alubo O., Burathoki K., Idawani C., Moreira T.M.A., Patrobas P., Yulizar M.
Gender and leprosy: Case studies in Indonesia, Nigeria, Nepal and Brazil (2009) Leprosy Review, 80 (1), pp.
65-76. Cited 6 times.
NETHERLANDS LEPROSY RELIEF (NLR), BIRATNAGAR, NEPAL
Buhrer-Sekula S., Visschedijk J., Grossi M.A.F., Dhakal K.P., Namadi A.U., Klatser P.R., Oskam L.The ML
Flow test as a point of care test for leprosy control programmes: Potential effects on classification of leprosy
patients (2007) Leprosy Review, 78 (1), pp. 70-79. Cited 14 times.
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ANNEX II QUESTIONNAIRES USED IN THE
SURVEY
APPENDIX – I:
Two sets of Questionnaires were prepared, one for Heads of Institutions and the other for Principal
Investigators. These two types of Questionnaires are represented below.
1. Questionnaire for Institutional Head
Mapping of National Centers/Institutions on Tropical Diseases in Nepal
QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION – A
INSTITUTE’S PROFILE
1. Name of the University:
2. Name of the Director
3. Present Address
4. Tel. No. :
5. E. mail:
SECTION – B
PROJECT PROFILE
1. Number of Project(s) handled in the Institute on Tropical Disease in last 10 years
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Name of the Tropical Disease(s):
i)
________________________________________________________________________________________
ii)
________________________________________________________________________________________
iii)
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Total number of Scientists in the institute
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Number of Scientists working on Tropical Diseases
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Infrastructure and services
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SECTION – C
FUNDING PROFILE
1. Sources of Funding:
_________________________________________________________________
i. National:
________________________________________________________________________
ii. International:
________________________________________________________________________
iii. NGO:
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Total Funding for the institute in the past 10 years (Rs in Lakhs):
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Funding allotted for Tropical Diseases in the past 10 years (Rs in Lakhs):
____________________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION – D
OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT
No. of Research Paper(s) published in the last 10 years:
National
International
a) Published in Journals
b) Presented in conference(s)
Item
Number
Details
New Product(s) developed:
Please attach separate sheets with complete details
New Process (es) developed:
____________________________________________
New Instrument(s) developed:
____________________________________________
Prototype(s) developed:
____________________________________________
IPR’s registered:
Please attach separate sheet with complete details
Patents filed:
National
Please attach separate sheet with complete details
International
Please attach separate sheet with complete details
Sealed/granted: National
Please attach separate sheet with complete details
International
Please attach separate sheet with complete details
Patents
Copyright(s)
____________________________________________
New Principle/Theory developed
____________________________________________
Clinical Trials completed
Please attach separate sheet with complete details and ongoing
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Brief Description of the problem(s)/constraints faced in implementing the project:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Any other specific comment(s)/suggestion(s) (please specify):
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Questionnaire for Principal Investigator
Mapping of National Centers/Institutions on Tropical Diseases in Nepal
QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION – A
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR’S (P.I.) PROFILE
1. Name of the Principal Investigator:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Present Address of P.I.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Tel. No. : __________________________________________________________________________________
4. E. mail: ___________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION – B
PROJECT PROFILE
1. Number of Project(s) handled on Tropical Disease in last 10 years
2. Name of the Tropical Disease(s):
i) __________________________________________________________________________________________
ii) __________________________________________________________________________________________
iii) _________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Title of the project and its duration:
i. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
ii. __________________________________________________________________________________________
iii. _________________________________________________________________________________________
iv. __________________________________________________________________________________________
v. __________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Department & Institute, where project was implemented:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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SECTION – C
FUNDING PROFILE
1. Sources of Funding: ______________________________________________________________________
i. National:
_______________________________________________________________________
ii. International:
_______________________________________________________________________
iii. NGO:
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Total Funding allotted for Tropical Diseases in the past 10 years (Rs in Lakhs):
____________________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION – D
OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT
No. of Research Paper(s) published in the last 10 years:
National
International
a) Published in Journals
b) Presented in conference(s)
c) Top 5 most cited papers
i.
_________________________________________________
_________________
ii.
_________________________________________________
_________________
iii.
_________________________________________________
_________________
iv.
_________________________________________________
_________________
v.
_________________________________________________
_________________
Any Monograph /Book/Technical report produced out of the project (Please give numbers):
Monograph
Item
Book
Number
Technical report
Details
New Product(s) developed:
____________________________________________
New Process (es) developed:
____________________________________________
New Instrument(s) developed:
____________________________________________
Prototype(s) developed:
____________________________________________
IPR’s registered:
____________________________________________
Patents filed:
National
____________________________________________
International
____________________________________________
Patents
____________________________________________
Sealed/granted: National
____________________________________________
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2012
International
____________________________________________
Copyright(s)
____________________________________________
New Principle/Theory developed:
____________________________________________
Brief Description of the problem(s)/constraints faced in implementing the project:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Any other specific comment(s)/suggestion(s) (please specify):
__________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX – II: Private sector organizations that
contribute to Tropical Diseases in the area of Drugs,
Diagnostics and Vaccines
Drugs
Serial
No.
Company
Web-link
Company
Web-link
Company
Web-link
Diagnostics
Serial
No.
Vaccines
Serial
No.
APPENDIX
information
Serial
No.
– III: List of institutes and allied
Name of Institution/
University/ School/
Division/ Department
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Web-link
Name of Scientist /
Clinical Investigator
/ Doctor
Web-link