Download Mathematics I EOCT Vocabulary

Mathematics I EOCT Vocabulary
Algebra - Explore FunctionsThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 12% of
the test.
Students will explore and interpret the characteristics of functions, using graphs, tables, and
simple algebraic techniques.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Domain
The set of all x-values in a relation.
Even Function
A function that is symmetric with respect to the y-axis.
Function
In this relationship between two quantities, for each input there is exactly one output.
Function Notation
This is denoted as f(x) and read as f of x, this is a way of expressing the value of an
equation when a specific variable is inserted.
Maximum
The highest point on a graph in the domain of the function.
Minimum
The lowest point on a graph in the domain of the function.
Negative Slope
A line extending from the upper left to the lower right has this type of slope.
Odd Function
A function whose graph is symmetric about the origin.
Positive Slope
A line extending from the lower left to the upper right has this type of slope.
Range
This is the difference between the maximum and the minimum value in a data set.
Rate Of Change
Often considered the slope, this is the comparison of two different quantities that are
changing.
Slope
This describes how much a line rises or falls between any two points on that line.
Algebraically it is expressed as (y2 - y1)/ (x2 - x1) for the line passing through (x1, y1) and
(x2, y2).
X-Intercept
This is a point at which a graph intersects the x-axis.
Y-Axis
This is the vertical axis in a coordinate graph.
Y-Intercept
This is a point at which a graph intersects the y-axis.
Zero Slope
This is the slope of a horizontal line. The line has no vertical change between each
horizontal change.
Zeros
The point(x) where a graph intersects the x-axis. The value of the x-coordinate when
the y-coordinate is 0.
Algebra - Simplify
Expressions
This category of vocabulary will make up approximately 12% of the test.
Students will simplify and operate with radical expressions, polynomials, and rational
expressions.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Algebraic Expression
A mathematical phrase containing at least one variable.
Binomial
This is a polynomial with two terms.
Binomial Theorem
The expansion of a binomial that involves a coefficient found by combinations. The
expansion will contain the same number of terms as the exponent of the original
binomial. For each term, the exponents will sum to the original exponent given in the
binomial.
Coefficient
This is the number part when a number and a variable are multiplied together in a
term.
Exponent
This is the power to which something is raised, or the number of times it is multiplied
by itself.
Factor
To write a polynomial as the product of (1) monomial factors, and (2) prime factors
with at least two terms.
Greatest Common Factor
The largest factor that two numbers have in common.
Like Terms
These are terms that have the same variable raised to the same power.
Polynomial
This is an expression that may include monomials, binomials and more. There is no
limit to the number of terms. However, the variable, if applicable, CANNOT appear in
the denominator of a fraction.
Radical Expression
An expression containing a square root.
Radical Sign
This is the symbol for square root.
Rational Expression
An expression which contains polynomials in both the numerator and denominator.
Rational Number
Any number that can be written as a fraction, any number without a decimal or
fraction, fractions, and any numbers with decimal portions that end or repeat.
Square Root
This is a number that must be multiplied times itself to equal a given number. The
quantity of b in b2= a.
Variable
A letter that is used to represent one or more numbers.
Algebra - Solve EquationsThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 11% of the
test.
Students will solve simple equations.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Coordinate Plane
This is a plane with two axes as a frame of reference. The x-axis is a horizontal line and
the y-axis is perpendicular to it (i.e., the y-axis is vertical). The intersection of the two
axes is called the origin.
Factor
To write a polynomial as the product of (1) monomial factors, and (2) prime factors
with at least two terms.
Origin
This is the point where the x-axis crosses the y-axis. The coordinate location is the
ordered pair (0,0).
Parabola
The graph of a quadratic equation.
Quadratic Equation
An equation with a degree of 2.
Radical Equation
An equation that involves a square root. One or both sides of the equation may contain
the square root.
Radical Expression
An expression containing a square root.
Radical Sign
This is the symbol for square root.
Radicand
The number or expression inside a radical symbol.
Rational Equation
An equation that has variables in both the numerator and denominator.
Root
The answers to a quadratic equation where x2 is involved. Also known as the xintercepts of the graph of the function.
Square Root
This is a number that must be multiplied times itself to equal a given number. The
quantity of b in b2= a.
X-Axis
This is the horizontal axis in a coordinate graph.
X-Intercept
This is a point at which a graph intersects the x-axis.
Y-Axis
This is the vertical axis in a coordinate graph.
Y-Intercept
This is a point at which a graph intersects the y-axis.
Zeros
The point(x) where a graph intersects the x-axis. The value of the x-coordinate when
the y-coordinate is 0.
Geometry - Investigate Geometric FiguresThis category of vocabulary will make up
approximately 12% of the test.
Students will investigate properties of geometric figures in the coordinate plane.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Coordinate Plane
This is a plane with two axes as a frame of reference. The x-axis is a horizontal line and
the y-axis is perpendicular to it (i.e., the y-axis is vertical). The intersection of the two
axes is called the origin.
Coordinates
This is the pair of numbers giving the location of a point.
Distance Formula
The formula used to find the length between two points in a coordinate plane.
Hypotenuse
This is the longest side of a right triangle only. It is also the side directly across from
the 90-degree angle of a right triangle.
Legs
The sides of a right triangle that form the right angle.
Midpoint Formula
The formula used to find the point that lies half-way between two points in a coordinate
plane.
Point
This is the geometric figure formed at the intersection of two distinct lines.
Pythagorean Theorem
This is the mathematical relation relating the three sides, a, b, c, of a right triangle.
Pythagorean Triple
A set of 3 nonzero whole numbers that form the sides of a right triangle.
Quadrant
This is one of four sections formed by the intersection of the x-axis and y-axis on a
Cartesian coordinate plane.
Quadrilateral
A polygon with 4 sides.
Right Triangle
This is a triangle with one of the angles equal to 90°.
Triangle
This is a polygon with three sides.
X-Axis
This is the horizontal axis in a coordinate graph.
Y-Axis
This is the vertical axis in a coordinate graph.
Geometry - Understand LanguageThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately 12%
of the test.
Students will understand and use the language of mathematical argument and justification.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Conditional Statement
A statement with a hypothesis and a conclusion.
Conjecture
An unproven statement that is based on observations.
Contrapositive
Obtained by switching and negating the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional
statement.
Converse
Obtained by switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. This
statement may be true or false
Counterexample
An example that disproves a conjecture.
Deductive Reasoning
The conclusion is reached based on the facts, definitions, rules, properties, postulates
and theorems.
Indirect Proof
A type of proof in which the statement that is being proved is assumed to be false.
Inductive Reasoning
The reasoning process that involves looking for patterns and making a conjecture.
Inverse
Obtained by negating the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement.
Law Of Syllogism
If p implies q and q implies r, then p implies r.
Pattern
The relationship that exists between a collection of ordered objects so that you have a
1st term, 2nd term, etc.
Postulate
A statement that is accepted without proof.
Theorem
A statement which has been proven to be true.
Two-Column Proof
A logical argument arranged with statements and reasons.
Venn Diagram
A diagram that uses circles or ovals to illustrate the relationship between sets
Geometry - Properties of PolygonsThis category of vocabulary will make up approximately
11% of the test.
Students will discover, prove, and apply properties of triangles, quadrilaterals, and other
polygons.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
AAS Congruence Theorem
If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and a
non-included side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
ASA Congruence Postulate
If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles angles
and the included side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Centroid
This is the point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle. This is also called the
center of gravity.
Circumcenter
The point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle.
HL Congruence Theorem
If a hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and a
leg of a second right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Incenter
The point of concurrency of the angle bisectors of a triangle.
Kite
A quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent congruent sides.
Orthocenter
The point of concurrency of the altitudes of a triangle.
Parallelogram
This is a quadrilateral that contains two pairs of parallel sides.
Polygon
This is a closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments that do not cross
over each other.
Quadrilateral
A polygon with 4 sides.
Rectangle
This is a quadrilateral with four congruent angles (all 90°).
Rhombus
A parallelogram with four congruent sides.
SAS Congruence Postulate
If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the
included angle of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Square
A rhombus with four right angles.
SSS Congruence Postulate
If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of a second triangle, then the
two triangles are congruent.
Sum Of Interior Angles Of A Polygon
This of a polygon is found by subtracting 2 from the number of sides and then
multiplying by 180°.
Triangle
This is a polygon with three sides.
Triangle Inequality
The sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle is always greater then the length of
the third side.
Data Analysis and Probablility - OutcomesThis category of vocabulary will make up
approximately 7% of the test.
Students will determine the number of outcomes related to a given event.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Addition Principle Of Counting
We use this principle of counting for mutually exclusive events. Add the number of
events to get the total number.
Binomial Theorem
The expansion of a binomial that involves a coefficient found by combinations. The
expansion will contain the same number of terms as the exponent of the original
binomial. For each term, the exponents will sum to the original exponent given in the
binomial.
Combination
Counts the number of ways objects can be formed into groups of a certain size.
Counting Principle
A way of computing the possible number of outcomes in an experiment.
Dependent Events
Events in which the outcome of one event affects the outcome of the other event.
Event
An outcome in a probability experiment.
Expansion
To rewrite an expression as a single polynomial.
Factorial
For n! it is the product of all numbers beginning with n counting backwards to 1.
Independent Events
Events that have no effect on each others probability.
Multiplication Principle Of Counting
Used for independent events. Multiply the number of outcomes for each event.
Outcomes
The different possible results from a probability model.
Permutation
It is the idea that distinguishable objects may be arranged in various different orders.
Probability
This is the number of selected outcomes divided by the total number of possible
outcomes. It is a number between 0 and 1, including 0 and 1.
Set
The group of terms that make up the values being statistically examined.
Tree Diagram
This helps to visually display the outcomes of an experiment consisting of a series of
activities (rolling dice multiple times, total pizza choices, etc.). The total number of
outcomes corresponds to the total number of final branches in the diagram.
Data Analysis and Probablility - ProbabilityThis category of vocabulary will make up
approximately 8% of the test.
Students will use the basic laws of probability.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Conditional Probability
This is the probability that event B will occur given that event A has occurred.
Data
Numbers or facts that describe something. It can be numerical, counted, or descriptive.
Dependent Events
Events in which the outcome of one event affects the outcome of the other event.
Event
An outcome in a probability experiment.
Expected Value
The sum of the probabilities of each outcome multiplied by the outcome value.
Experimental Probability
The ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials.
Favorable Outcomes
The desired outcomes of a specified event.
Frequency Diagram
This is an outline designed to demonstrate or explain the number of times a specified
periodic phenomenon occurs within a specified interval.
Odds
This is the ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the
event cannot occur.
Outcomes
The different possible results from a probability model.
Probability
This is the number of selected outcomes divided by the total number of possible
outcomes. It is a number between 0 and 1, including 0 and 1.
Set
A collection of numbers or objects.
Theoretical Probability
The mathematical calculation that an event will happen.
Tree Diagram
This helps to visually display the outcomes of an experiment consisting of a series of
activities (rolling dice multiple times, total pizza choices, etc.). The total number of
outcomes corresponds to the total number of final branches in the diagram.
Venn Diagram
A diagram that uses circles or ovals to illustrate the relationship between sets.
Data Analysis and Probablility - Relate SamplesThis category of vocabulary will make up
approximately 7% of the test.
Students will relate samples to a population.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Box And Whisker Plot
This is a visual display of some to the descriptive statistics of a data set. It quickly
displays the 5-number summary: the minimum value, the maximum value, the median,
the upper quartile, and the lower quartile.
Data
Numbers or facts that describe something. It can be numerical, counted, or descriptive.
Element
An object or number contained in a set.
Event
An outcome in a probability experiment.
Extrapolate
To look at known values and make an estimation based observations.
Interquartile Range
The spread of the middle 50% of the data.
Mean
This is the sum of all the results included in the sample divided by the number of
observations. It is the same as the average.
Mode
This is the most frequently occurring element in a set.
Population
Total data set.
Range
This is the difference between the maximum and the minimum value in a data set.
Sample
This is part of a population selected to predict information about the population as a
whole.
Set
The group of terms that make up the values being statistically examined.
Statistics
This is the collection, display, and analysis of data.
Survey
This is asking or inquiring people's opinion.
Data Analysis and Probablility - Mean DeviationThis category of vocabulary will make up
approximately 8% of the test.
Students will explore variability.
The following is a list of carefully matched vocabulary terms for this section of the
test/exam.
Absolute Value
The distance between the origin and the point representing the real number.
Bias
This is an unwanted influence on a sample.
Box And Whisker Plot
This is a visual display of some to the descriptive statistics of a data set. It quickly
displays the 5-number summary: the minimum value, the maximum value, the median,
the upper quartile, and the lower quartile.
Correlation
This refers to relationships among and between variables. The correlation coeffecient
has a value between -1 and 1 that indicates direction and strength.
Data
Numbers or facts that describe something. It can be numerical, counted, or descriptive.
Element
An object or number contained in a set.
Extrapolation
This is to estimate a value by following a pattern and going beyond the values already
known.
Generalization
A conclusion that is based on several observations.
Independent Events
Events that have no effect on each others probability.
Mean
This is the sum of all the results included in the sample divided by the number of
observations. It is the same as the average.
Mean Absolute Deviation
To find this take the average of the absolute values of the differences between each
member of a data set and the mean of the data set.
Standard Deviation
This measures the deviation between the scores and the mean; it measures how
dispersed the data is. The higher this is the more spread out the data is from each
other.
Statistics
This is the collection, display, and analysis of data.
Table
This is a systematic arrangement of data usually in rows and columns.
Venn Diagram
A diagram that uses circles or ovals to illustrate the relationship between sets.