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Lifestyle Factors Smoking Unit 14 Exercise, Health & Lifestyle Smoking • Tobacco contain nicotine & tar • Nicotine is very addictive • It stimulates the central nervous system, increases your heart rate & blood pressure • Tar is a complex mix of chemicals, most of which cause cancer • It is deposited in the lungs & gradually absorbed by the body Diseases caused by Smoking The risk of disease increases with;• Volume of smoking (per day) • Number of years • How deeply the smoke is inhaled • Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) • Cancer • Lung infections Coronary Heart Disease • Generic term • Number of conditions caused by interrupted/reduced blood flow through the coronary arteries of the heart • Smoking causes atherolsclerosis (build up of fatty acids in arteries / hardening of the arteries) • Which can increase the risk of a blood clot which leads to heart attack Cancer • • • • • Worldwide, lung cancer = most common form Lung cancer most associated with smoking Age when started smoking is a significant factor <15 yrs old = 2 x as many cell mutation than >20 Smoking can also lead to cancers of the;mouth oesophagus bladder breast cervix colon liver kidneys Lung Infections • Smokers are more likely to get more respiratory tract infections than non-smokers • Colds & flu • Pneumonia • Bronchitis • Smoking causes damage to the cilia and over time they are less effective at clearing debris & irritants therefore leading to more infections