Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download click - Uplift Education
Transcript
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM GUIDED NOTES Name: ___________________________ Class: ________ Components ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Functions 1. _________________________________________ › › › From ________________________________________________________ Barrier of tough, keratinized cells Pain receptors warn body of possible damage From ________________________________________________ Unbroken surface Acidic secretions inhibit bacterial growth Phagocytes ingest foreign material From ________________________________________________ › Melanin absorbs UV light and prevents it from reaching deeper layers From _________________________________________________ Keratin and other substances keep skin fairly waterproof 2. _____________________________________________ How does the skin help us cool down? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ How does the skin help us warm up? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ The sweat glands excrete metabolic wastes (urea, uric acid), salt, and lactic acid (in addition to water) 4. _________________________________________________ When UV light hits the skin, modified cholesterol molecules are converte into vitamin D. Skin Structure The skin is composed of two layers: 1) Epidermis – made of __________________________ tissue 2) Dermis- made of __________________________ tissue Epidermis Strata The epidermis has multiple ________________or layers. Only the deepest layer contains actively dividing cells and melanocytes. Why? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ As new cells form, older cells are pushed towards the surface As the cells are pushed away from the blood supply, they ______________ and flatten. The most superficial layer is made of the dry, _____________________ membranes of skin cells Epidermis Cells 1) ___________________________________________________ › Keratin-producing cells › Keratin is the protein that makes skin tough and waterproof. › Most abundant cell in epidermis by far! 2) __________________________________________________ › Melanin-producing cells › Melanin is the brown-black pigment that is largely responsible for skin, hair, and eye color › Melanin absorbs UV light to product DNA from damage › Found only in deepest layer of epidermis Skin Color Major determinants of skin color › Amount / type ______________________ › Amount ____________________ (from fruits and veggies) › Amount ______________________ in blood Adaptive significance › Trade off between _______________________ and __________________________ Dermis The dermis is made of what tissue? _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ tissue cushions and binds things together. In the skin, the _______________ tissue holds together lots of different elements: • Exocrine glands • Hair follicles • Nerves and sense receptors • Blood vessels The collagen and elastic fibers of the dermis give skin its strength and elasticity Burn Classification First degree burns __________________________________________________________________________ Signs: ______________________________________________________________________ Example: most sun burns Will heal on own Second degree burns ____________________________________________________________________________ Signs: _______________________________________________________________________ Will heal with care Third degree burns ____________________________________________________________________________ Signs: _______________________________________________________________________ Skin will not heal; grafts must be done How do burns disrupt homeostasis? Burned skin can no longer carry out its functions Most critically, skin can no longer ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________ and _______________________ can cause kidneys to shut down and patients to go into shock due to low blood volume. Happens almost immediately, unless fluids are replaced. __________________________________________________________________ ________________________ becomes a major concern within 2-3 days following severe burns. Other complications Burned skin cannot _________________________. ______________________becomes a problem. 3rd degree burns cannot __________________________________. Scar tissue forms. Scar tissue does a poor job of performing the functions of skin, and if the scar tissue is extensive, mobility may be affected. Skin Appendages The skin appendages include cutaneous glands, hair, and nails. Why are these a part of the integumentary system and not something else? Vocab Check! What is cutaneous? What is an exocrine gland? Cutaneous Glands 1) _______________________(oil) glands • Found everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet • The ducts mostly _________________________________ • Produce oily product called __________________ • Functions: • • __________________________________________ • __________________________________________ Become much more active in adolescence 2) Sweat (__________________________) glands • • _____________________ glands produce sweat (water, salt, urea, lactic acid) • Duct lead to ___________________________ • Functions • _____________________________________ • _____________________________________ • _____________________________________ ___________________________ produce a milky secretion fully of fatty acids and proteins. • Duct leads _________________________ • Function: __________________________ Make a Venn Diagram comparing the three types of cutaneous glands. You may work with a partner. Hair Follicle • The hair follicle is composed of the (outer) _______________ sheath and (inner) ___________________sheath. • The follicle is slanted unless the _____________________________ muscles are contracted Hair • Hair can be divided into the _______________ (part outside of body) and ______________ (inside body) • Hair is produced by division of ______________________ epithelial cells in the hair bulb, but as the cells are pushed away from the bulb they begin to die. • Like the outer layer of the skin, the hair shaft is composed of __________________________________________________. Nails • Produced by the cells of the _____________________________ • The nail root, closest to the nail matrix, is living • The outer part, like the hair and skin, consists of ___________________________ cells. Quick Review Are the skin appendages (cutaneous glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails) found in the dermis or epidermis? Justify your answer. What did we talk about today that you don’t see on this diagram? Common Types of Skin Cancer There a three main types of skin cancers, defined by the type of cell from which they arise. ______________________________________ – arise from the basal edge of the epithelial tissue. _______________________________________ – arise from the keratin-producing cells in the middle of the epithelial tissue. _______________________________________ – arise from the melanin-producing cells at the basal edge of the epithelial tissue Excess ___________________________________ increases the risk of each of these cancers Basal cell carcinoma Most common form of skin cancer Affects ~2.8 million people in the US each year Slow-growing and rarely fatal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Second most common form of skin cancer Affects ~700,000 people in the US each year Grow and invade surrounding tissue quickly <5% are fatal Melanoma Third most common skin cancer Affects ~76,000 people in the US each year Quickly metastasizes (spreads) to blood vessels and lymph nodes – which allows it to spread to other locations in the body Fatal in more than 10% of cases Melanoma may be the least common type of skin cancer, but it is by far the most deadly. Moreover, while rates of most other cancers are declining in the US (due to a reduction of smoking) melanoma rates are increasing.
