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Felecia Hunsaker Blood–Brain Barrier Function and Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury In Rickettsial versus Other Neurological Infections in Laos I chose this topic because I find the brain to be very interesting and how it is the main function for our whole body. Without oxygen to our brain we are declared brain dead which then they no longer have a chance at life. This study was to examine BBB and CSF biomarkers as aids to the diagnosis and understanding of Central Nervous System rickettsial disease, in comparison to other severe neurological infections. The Blood Brain Barrier separates the circulating blood from the brain. The Blood brain barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells. Central nervous system infections are caused by a range of different pathogens and are a major cause of death worldwide. Glycemic control is an important aspect of patient care. In the surgical infections of the nervous system is among the most difficult infections in terms of the morbidity and death opposed to patients, and therefore require urgent and accurate diagnosis (IJCIIS) international journal of critical illness and injury science. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) function and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were measured in patients admitted to hospital with severe neurological infections in the Lao people and Democratic Republicans, including bacterial meningitis or tuberculosis meningitis. Japanese encephalitis virus and Rickettsia infections including murine and scrub typhus patients. (The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) The albumin index (AI) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were a lot higher in BM and TBM than the other diseases but were also raised in individual rickettsial patients. Total tau protein was significantly raised in the CSF of JEV patients. No differences were found between clinical or neurological symptoms, AI, or biomarker levels that allowed distinction between severe neurological involvements by Orientia tsutsugamushi compared with other Rickettsia species. (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) Studying the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of living patients may help our diagnosis and our understanding of the pathophysiology of CNS rickettsial, as opposed to other infections. (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) There are two tables to help demonstrate all of this. The first table shows demographic and clinical details, lab findings, AI, and biomarker levels by disease group. The second table shows statistical comparisons of CSF results and clinical and laboratory data. Tau and GFAP are only produced in the brain, and raised AI was linked with (GFAP) glial fibrillary acidic protein levels. (American Journal of tropical Medicine and Hygiene) Observed BBB function measured by AI was independent no relationship was found between Albumin index and the GCS score. (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) Blood brain barrier leakage measured using AI, increased in all clinical groups’. Tuberculosis meningitis cases showed raised AI compared with the lowest group, Japanese encephalitis virus Infection. (American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) Link to eportfolio http://feleciahunsaker.weebly.com/coursework.html under biology 1615 Works Cited: Dittrich, S., Sunyakumthorn, P., Rattanavong, S., Phetsouvanh, R., Panyanivong, P., Sengduangphachanh, A., . . . Turner, G. D. (2015). Blood-Brain Barrier Function and Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury in Rickettsial Versus Other Neurological Infections in Laos. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93(2), 232-237.