Download Coordination and Regulation Check 4

Name: ___________________________________
VCE Biology- Unit 3
Cell functioning: Control
Coordination and regulation are considered at the cellular, rather than whole organism, level.
References to homeostasis and feedback mechanisms have been deleted from Unit 3. The treatment of homeostasis at a systems
level, including feedback mechanisms, involving hormonal control (for example, regulation of blood glucose), water balance and
temperature control, is included in Unit 2 Biology.
1. What are signaling molecules? Give 4 types of signaling molecules.
2. Write the functions of each of the four signaling molecules listed in Q1.
3. Why do hormones only affect target cells?
4. Are hormones excreted or secreted? What is the difference between the two terms?
5. How do exocrine and endocrine glands differ? What type of gland produces hormones?
6. List the major hormone producing glands of the body noting the hormones produced.
Gland
Hormones
Regulation
Name: ___________________________________
7. Complete the following table.
Type of
hormone
Solubility
Site of
receptor
VCE Biology- Unit 3
Action within the cell
Speed
Example
Proteins
and amino
acid- based
Steroids
Transduction for both lipid-based and protein-based signaling molecules involves a cascade of reactions that
amplify the initial message, and can lead to a range of cellular responses. Names of second messengers are
not required and G protein pathways do not need to be defined.
8. In simple (general) terms, explain the process of signal transduction involving lipid-based AND proteinbased signaling molecules? (Note: names of second messengers are not required and G-protein pathways
do not need to be defined)
Hint: This process can be described as a three-step process, using the stimulus-response model.
Lipid-based signaling molecules:
Protein-based signaling molecules:
9. The stimulus-response model is often used to explain how organisms respond to stimuli. What is the
stimulus-response model?
10. List 5 types of receptors and their stimuli.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11. Negative feedback helps bring about homeostasis. What is negative feedback and how is it different to
positive feedback?
12. What are the major components and a neuron (nerve cell)?
Name: ___________________________________
VCE Biology- Unit 3
13. Name and explain the differences between the three types of nerve cells.
14. Draw a diagram of a simple nerve pathway from a receptor to an effector. Show the three neurons in the
pathway and indicate the direction a nerve impulse would travel.
15. What is a nerve impulse and how is one passed along a nerve?
16. Which way does a nerve impulse pass along nerve cells?
17. How does a nerve impulse pass from one nerve cell to the next?
18. Explain the differences between a peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.
Name: ___________________________________
VCE Biology- Unit 3
19. In mammals, how does a simple reflex reaction pathway differ from the pathway involved when a
conscious decision is made?
20. How are the functions of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems different?
21. Describe three major differences between the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems.
Name: ___________________________________
Regulation in Plants:
VCE Biology- Unit 3
The distinction between different types of growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid
and ethylene) are not required, although teachers may use one or more of them to illustrate a particular
signal transduction pathway.
22. Growth responses of plants to their environment are called tropisms. Name the major types and state the
environmental factor to which the plant is responding.
23. How do positive and negative tropisms differ?
24. What, in general terms, is the role of plant growth regulators?
25. Explain the role of receptors and effectors in plant responses.
26. Complete the following table.
Signaling
molecule
neurotransmitters
hormones
pheromones
plant growth
regulators
Receptor
Cellular response
Example