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Citizen Science & Engagement:
Using Nature’s Notebook as an educational
engagement strategy
February 11, 2016
LoriAnne Barnett
Education Coordinator
Objectives of today’s discussion:
 Define phenology and explain its
applicability to understanding changes in the
natural world
 Understand long-term phenology monitoring
and the Nature’s Notebook Citizen Science
Program
 Apply citizen science and phenology as an
engagement strategy
 Learn where to find resources to get started
PHENOLOGY
phRenology
phOnology
Just to be clear…
What is phenology?
Photo credit: B.F. Powell
Photo credit: P. Warren
…it is the study of the timing of
recurring plant and animal lifecycle stages, or phenophases,
and their relationship to
environmental conditions.
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Using nature as a guide
Tradition and Lore
November -Beaver Moon
September – Harvest Moon
Photo credit: B. Powell
February – Full Worm Moon
May – Full Flower Moon
“Tribes kept track of seasons by
giving distinct names to each
recurring full moon.”
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/
Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise noted
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Scientists
Image credit: John McColgan –U.S. Department of Agriculture. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia
Land managers
"Bagatelle potager02" by Spedona (Spedona) - Cliché personnel - own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Home owners, nature enthusiasts
-Mark Twain
Climate
Long-term average
of daily
weather in a given
area.
It is about…
…time
Weather
Day-to-day changes in the
Earth’s atmosphere.
PLANT
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Observable life cycle events or
PHENOPHASES
ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect
Activity
Reproduction
Development
Method
Observations
RECORD KEEPING
Jefferson
Thoreau
Powell
Primary goal
• Create a standardized, long-term
dataset for use in multiple types
of research.
UNDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND
LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO
CLIMATE CHANGE.
Mission
• Make phenology data, models
and related information
available.
• Encourage people of all ages and
backgrounds to observe and
record phenology.
Photo credit: C. Enquist
Citizen science …
 scientific research conducted, in whole or in
part, by amateurs or nonprofessionals
 public participation in scientific research
 (also known as) crowd science, crowd-sourced
science, or networked science
Quercus alba, Q. falcata, D. Hartel
Prevalence of citizen science data
Dramatic growth between
1997 to 2014 in
publications featuring
citizen science
Follet and Strezov, PLOS ONE
Value of citizen science data
Volunteers contribute ~$2.5B annually to
biodiversity research
Photo credit: L. Romano
www.nn.usanpn.org
Phenology
CLIMATE CHANGE
Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007.
http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/impacts/land/phenology
Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed
10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004
Earlier
Bloom
Times
Phenology and Climate Change
https://nadiah.org/phenology.html
Research, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
Observations
SHARED FOR SCIENCE
Photo credit: Monticello
Garden re-created
Cloned lilac program
Photo credit: L. Barnett
HISTORIC LILAC NETWORK
ESTABLISHED IN THE 1950S
Photo credit: L. Barnett
SANTA RITA
EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
David Bertelsen,
Naturalist
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collected by a single individual
1984-present
1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain
Approximately weekly
587 flowering plant taxa (group of species)
155K+ records of plant flowering.
73,000 vertebrate records
Photo credit: B. Wilder
Using
NATURE’S NOTEBOOK
7,508 active observers
8,337 active sites
7.6M+ records
Lilac data from 1956
1016 taxa from 2009
Data as of 6/18/16
•
•
•
•
•
Leaves
Fruits
Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina
Image credit: Patty Guertin
Flowers
1
Activity
Development
3
4
Method
Image credit: Wikimedia commons and Pinterest
Cardinal cardinalis active individual, feeding, raising young
2
Reproduction
Image credit: Wikimedia commons "Cornus florida 02 by Line1
Mobile app interface
Data Analysis &
VISUALIZATION
Breaking leaf buds
Leaves
Colored leaves
Increasing leaf size
Flowers or Flower Buds
Open Flowers
Fruits
Ripe Fruits
Recent fruit or
seed drop
DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES
Phenology calendar for controlling garlic mustad
Alliaria petiolata
Photo credit: Jody Shimp, Illinois Department of
Natural Resources from Invasive.org.
Resources
Phenology calendars
Resources
www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines
Volunteer & Student
ENGAGEMENT
Image credit: L. Barnett
Clipart panda
People.
Image credit: P. Guertin
Image credit: P. Guertin
Based on models and herbarium specimens,
Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed
10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004
Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007.
Earlier
Bloom
Times
http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/impacts/land/phenology
Image credit: L. Barnett
Image credit: Bernard Dupont
Cenchrus ciliaris via Wikimedia Commons
Invasive species that thrive in warmer and wetter
environments could displace beneficial species and create pest control problems.
PPPPPFFFFFFFT.
 Meaningful
 Exited to
contribute
to actual
research
 Supported
 Use and
share data
collected
Committed to long-term participation.
Image credit: L. Barnett
People.
Nature’s Notebook
APPLICATIONS
What content and skills
might PHENOLOGY teach?
https://www.usanpn.org/education
PHENOLOGY
What can
PHENOLOGY teach:
 English and Language Arts
 Social Studies: History,
Cultural Studies, and
Geography
 Healthy Living and Physical Education
 Foreign and Native Languages Arts such as music, theater,
and visual arts
https://www.usanpn.org/education
What content and skills might
CITIZEN SCIENCE teach?
https://www.usanpn.org/education
ENHANCE
COLLABORATE
Make it
LONG TERM
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
Intro
Intro
Intro
Intro
Monitoring
Monitoring
Analysis
Analysis
Monitoring
Analysis
+
Join a local campaign
www.usanpn.org/nn/SouthwestSeasonTrackers
This spring, track
Southwest shrubs and grasses!
•
•
•
•
Select plants and animals to observe
Already being monitored
Baseline, trends, existing datasets
Regional interest
①Milkweed
②Red oak
③White oak
④White pine
⑤Tulip poplar
⑥Hickory
⑦Red maple
⑧Ash
①Honey bee
②Monarch
③Eastern bluebird
④Ruby-throated hummingbird
⑤Eastern tent caterpillar
• Select plants and animals to observe
• Locally use Nature’s Notebook in
outreach and education as well as
management
Formal, non-formal, informal
LEARNING ENVIORMENTS
Formal learning
6-8 week lesson
Service learning project
Informal learning
• Self-directed
• Outside of classroom
Interpretive materials
Non-formal learning
•
https://www.usanpn.org/nn/groups/pnc
Phenology Networks
Golden Pinecone Award – Video!
Objectives of today’s workshop:
 Define phenology and explain its
applicability to understanding changes in the
natural world
 Understand the importance of recordkeeping.
 Understand long-term phenology monitoring.
 Apply citizen science and phenology!
 Learn where to find resources to get started.
Connect with USA-NPN…
• Become an observer
• Discover new tools and
resources
• Visit a local phenology
trail
www.facebook.com/USANPN
www.pinterest.com/USANPN
www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett
www.instagram/tucson_phenology_trail
LoriAnne Barnett
[email protected]