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 Unit 1
Quiz
covers modules 1 and 1
[Sample quiz questions]
Quiz Overview and Instructions
This quz covers modules one, two and three
This quiz covers Unit 1 for this course. For the multiple choice questions, please select the
BEST answer choice and try not to “overthink” the question.
The essay section of the test is divided into two sections and there are multiple questions. For
each section, choose ONE question to answer completely. Your essay should be well organized,
apply concepts, examples and vocabulary from the course content, and employ good language
skills. If you refer to any specific research—please try to reference the material as accurately as
possible
This quiz is Open notes. However, you may NOT work with anyone on this exam.
Multiple Choice
Please select the BEST answer. Each question is worth one point.
1. Sets of learned behavior and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society is an
anthropological definition of
A. Symbols
*
B. Culture
C. Language
D. Cognition
2. To say that culture and the human brain coevolved is to say that
*
A. Each provided key features of the environment to which the other needed to adapt
B. Genetic changes in human beings are related to language
C. Biology is less important to modern human beings than it was in the ancient past
D. Human social organization is ancient
3. The exercise of at least some control over their lives by human beings is called
A. Free will
B. Habitus
*
C. Human agency
D. Historical.
4. The perspective on the human condition that assumes that mind and body, individuals and
society, and individuals and the environment interpenetrate and even define one another is
called
A. Dualism
*
B. Holism.
C. Reductionism
D. Essentialism
5. The opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct and the only true way of being
fully human is called
A. Cultural relativism
B. Cultural determinism
*
C. Ethnocentrism
D. Egocentrism
6. Understanding another culture sympathetically enough so that it appears to be a coherent
and meaningful design for living is called
A. Cultural interactionism
*
B. Cultural relativism
C. Holism
D. Cultural determinism
7. The anthropological definition of cultural relativism requires that we make an effort to
__________ the practices of other cultures
A. Approve
B. Excuse
C. Judge
*
D. Understand
8. When anthropologists distinguished between culture and cultures, they were
distinguishing between _______ and __________.
A. Different traditions of learned behavior / the ability to learn and create sets of behaviors and
ideas
*
B. A defining attribute of human beings / ways of life of specific groups of people.
C. The fine arts / local traditions of human beings
D. The genetic programming that sets humans apart from other animals / the ways in which
that programming works in specific places
9. Anthropology is defined as the study of
*
A. Human nature, human society, and the human past
B. The remains of earlier societies and peoples
C. The ways of life of contemporary peoples
D. The physical and mental capacities of human beings
10. A study that examines how economics, politics, religion, and kinship shape one another in a
specific society is called
A. Detailed
B. Cultural
*
C. Holistic
D. Comparative
11. An anthropologist studying a social group observes that people shake hands when greeting
one another and concludes that handshaking is universal among human beings. This study is
faulty because the anthropologist has not been
A. Holistic
B. Evolutionary
C. Ethnocentric
*
D. Comparative
12. Evolution may be understood broadly as
A. Attributes and behaviors that are passed on by the genes
B. Beliefs and behaviors that are passed on by teaching and learning
*
C. Change over time
D. Transformations of species over time
13. To emphasize that human beings are biocultural organisms means that
A. Human biology and culture both contribute to human behavior
B. Human biology makes culture possible and human culture makes human biological survival
possible
C. Instinct must be recognized as an important part of any explanation of human behavior
*
D. Both a and b
14. To say that anthropology is a field-based discipline means that
A. Information about particular social groups comes through direct contact with them
B. Anthropology is based on experience with other ways of life
C. The experience of being in the field is central to modern anthropology
*
D. All of the above are true
15. Which of the following is NOT a major subfield of North American anthropology?
A. Archaeology
B. Cultural anthropology
C. Biological anthropology
*
D. Physiological anthropology
16. The people of society X believe that the people of society Y are inherently inferior to them
biologically and prevent them from gaining access to a high level of education and other
resources. This is an example of
*
A. Racism
B. Ethnocentrism
C. Labeling
D. Holism
17. The major specialty within anthropology that uses information gathered from the other
subfields in an effort to solve practical cross-cultural problems is
*
A. Applied anthropology
B. Archaeology
C. Biological anthropology
D. Cultural anthropology
18. In a world in which people from different cultural backgrounds come into contact with one
another for extended periods, anthropology offers a
A. Solution to cultural misunderstandings
*
B. Means of learning to cope with cultural differences
C. Way of determining which cultural background is better under the circumstances
D. Set of techniques for removing cultural barriers
19. Evolutionary theory is based on a set of
*
A. Testable hypotheses
B. Scientists’ opinions about different species
C. Assumptions about when life began
D. Observations of the natural world
20. For modern biologists, a species is defined as
*
A. A reproductive community that occupies a specific niche
B. A set of related individuals
C. A general category of organisms that closely resemble one another
D. The organisms that live in a specific niche
21. The theory of common ancestry holds that
A. No species is ranked higher than any other in the taxonomy
*
B. Similar species are descended from a common ancestor
C. Similar species are able to interbreed
D. All species reproduce in a similar (“common”) way
22. The shaping of useful features of an organism by natural selection for the function they
now perform is
A. Aptation
*
B. Adaptation
C. Exaptation
D. Reconciliation
23. Natural selection acts on
A. Mutations
B. The needs of a species
*
C. Randomly produced variation
D. The sex cells
24.
The term for physical shape and size of an organism or its body parts is its
A. Size
*
B. Morphology
C. Shape
D. Taxonomy
25. The genetic information about particular biological traits encoded in an organism’s DNA is
called the
*
A. Genotype
B. Infrabar
C. Phenotype
D. Ultrabar
26. The observable, measurable characteristics that are based on the genetic inheritance of an
organism are called the
A. Genotype
B. Infrabar
*
C. Phenotype
D. Ultrabar
27.
Genotypes may produce
phenotypes.
A. Different; different
B. Different; the same
C. The same; different
*
D. All of the above
28. What is the likely future of a given species?
*
A. Extinction
B. Transformation via evolution into another species
C. Stability
D. It depends on its genetic makeup
29. The distribution of skin pigmentation from the poles to the equator forms a
*
A. Cline
B. Chwartz
C. Kepllin
D. Koan
30. Denial of the existence of biological race
A. Is NOT to deny the existence of human biological or genetic diversity
B. Is to deny that the patterns of human diversity can be usefully sorted into just a handful of
mutually exclusive categories
C. Resulted from the recognition that human variation does not come in neat divisions
*
D. All of the above
31. The creation of a new allele for a gene when the chemistry of the DNA molecule to which it
corresponds is suddenly altered is called
A. Gene flow
B. Genetic drift
*
C. Mutation
D. Plasticity
32. Gene frequencies may be altered if a given population begins to interbreed with another
population of the same species. This is known as
*
A. Gene flow
B. Genetic drift
C. Mutation
D. Natural selection
33. Random changes in gene frequencies from one generation to the next due to a sudden
reduction in population size and resulting in the loss of particular alleles is known as
A. Gene flow
*
B. Genetic drift
C. Mutation
D. Natural selection
34. Assume that in a small population, 15 percent of the people are blue-eyed and have brown
hair. Assume further that within this population, there is an adventurous group that wishes to
explore the region and settle down in new territory. Of this adventurous group, 87 percent are
blue-eyed and have brown hair. When they leave, the gene frequencies in the remaining
population will change for blue-eyes and brown hair in the next generation. This is an example of
A. Gene flow
*
B. Genetic drift
C. Mutation
D. Natural selection
35. Which of the following is an example of acclimatization?
A. Shivering
B. Increased lung capacity in people raised at high altitudes
C. Increased male baldness in northern climates
*
D. Both A and B
36. Which of the following features are connected with variation in human skin color?
A. Protection against ultraviolet radiation
B. Impeding the destruction of folic acid
C. Synthesis of vitamin D in the skin
*
D. All of the above
37. Why is it that scores on IQ tests do not demonstrate racial differences in intelligence?
A. The assumption that traits essential to racial identity are discrete and nonoverlapping is
false.
B. Differences between group scores on IQ tests may be due to cultural knowledge rather
than intelligence.
C. Social class and educational background are more accurate predictors of IQ scores.
*
D. All of the above.
38. A change in the way the body functions in result to physical stress is called
*
A. Acclimatization
B. Adaptation
C. Plasticity
D. Pleiotropy
39. The theory of punctuated equilibrium is based on the observation that
A. Brief periods of intense speciation alternate with long periods of stasis
B. New species appear in the fossil record alongside their unchanged ancestors
C. Evolutionary change does not seem to occur at a constant pace
*
D. All of the above
2.
Wings on birds and bats are an example of
*
A. An analogous trait
B. A homologous trait
C. Anagenesis
D. Cladogenesis
3.
Genetic inheritance due to common ancestry is called
*
A. Homology
B. Analogy
C. Natural selection
D. Descent with modification
4.
A.
B.
C.
*
Tarsiers are included with anthropoids in the primate suborder Haplorhini because
Their upper lips are all attached to their gums by a web of skin
None of them have moist noses
The placenta of tarsiers is similar to the placenta of anthropoids
D. Both B and C
5.
Which of the following terms refers to humans and their immediate ancestors?
A. Hominoid
B. Humanoid
*
C. Hominin
D. Anthropoid
6.
Which of the following is NOT an anthropoid?
A. Chimpanzee
B. Howler monkey
C. President Barrack Obama
*
D. None of the above; all are anthropoids
7.
When males and females of the same species show observable phenotypic differences
in, for example, size, the species is said to show
A. Gender distinctiveness
B. Phenotypic magnitude
C. Sexual differentiation
*
D. Sexual dimorphism
8.
Adult male gorillas
A. Are much larger than females
B. Treat immature gorillas with tolerance
C. Eat primarily meat
*
D. Both A and B
9.
Which of the following primate groups apparently uses sexual behavior to manipulate
relationships rather than to increase reproductive rates?
A. Gibbons
B. Gorillas
*
C. Bonobos
D. Chimpanzees
Essay questions.
For each section, choose ONE question to answer completely. Your answer should be well
organized, apply concepts and vocabulary from the course content, and employ good language
skills. If you refer to any specific research—please try to reference the material as accurately as
possible
Section ONE
Choose ONE of the questions listed below and answer it as completely as possible. (5points)
● “Our dependence on culture is total. Without it, we cannot survive as biological
organisms.” Discuss.
● Write a short definition of anthropology and describe its connection to the social
sciences, the natural sciences, and the humanities.
● Explain the scope of anthropology and define the four major sub-disciplines (biological or
physical anthropology, archaeology, sociocultural anthropology, and linguistic
anthropology) according to their methods and types of data produced.
Section TWO
Choose ONE of the questions listed below and answer it as completely as possible. (6 points)
● Discuss some common misconceptions about science and the theory of evolution.
● Define adaptation by natural selection and explain why it is not a perfecting mechanism.
● Define our evolutionary place in nature and the evidence used to do this. Include in your
discussion the taxonomic characteristics of primates.