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Nutrient Cycles EQ: How can I explain the difference between nitrogen fixation and denitrification. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES consumers animals eaten Matter within ecosystems is recycled. die die producers decomposers green algae bacteria and fungi water and salts soil minerals and humus decay All Cycles Are Related SO2, NO2 CO2 H2O Respiration Decomposition Transpiratio n Fossil Fuel Combustio n N2 H2O Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms Urea Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Nitrates, Sulfates, Phosphates Phosphate Runoff Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer & Decomposers Phytoplankton Zooplankton Nutrient Recycling Ocean Sediment s BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen & other elements cycle from the abiotic to biotic & then back to the environment. biotic abiotic BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen & other elements move through a regularly repeated sequence of events. H2 O C N O BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Most element cycles have an atmospheric “bank” where the element is found in large amounts. atmosphere “bank” BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Elements move from the “bank” into organisms. atmosphere “bank” BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Organisms release elements in daily activities or after death. • Give an example of an activity that releases elements. atmosphere “bank” RIP BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Decomposers (or combustion or erosion) break down organic matter. • What is a result of their actions? atmosphere “bank” RIP BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Three example cycles: • Water • Carbon (carbon-oxygen) • Nitrogen H2 O C N O NITROGEN CYCLE • 79% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but it is in a form most living things cannot use. N2 free nitrogen NITROGEN CYCLE • If we can’t take in free nitrogen, how do we acquire it so we can use it in our bodies? • Why do we need nitrogen in our bodies? NITROGEN CYCLE N2 in air NITRATES nitrogen-fixing bacteria • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert NITROGEN into NITRATES. • Plants absorb NITRATES. • Animals eat plants. NITROGEN CYCLE • How does the nitrogen return to the atmosphere? • Denitrifying bacteria convert the nitrates back into nitrogen. denitrifying bacteria N2 in air NITRATES nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITROGEN CYCLE • Why do we need nitrogen? • Nitrogen is an essential element for all proteins (amino acids) and nucleic acids. NITROGEN CYCLE Can plants & animals use free nitrogen? N2 free nitrogen In what form must N2 be to be used by plants? nitrates What organisms can fix the N2 into a usable form? nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITROGEN CYCLE gaseous losses (N2, NOx) denitrifying bacteria lightning fixes N2 into nitrates nitrates nitrogen-fixing bacteria organic matter Group Activity Draw and explain the nitrogen cycle, highlighting nitrogen fixation and denitrification. CARBON CYCLE • EQ: What is the only way carbon can be removed from the ecosystem? CO2 respiration photosynthesis O2 CARBON CYCLE • The exchange of gases during photosynthesis and respiration is a major example of the livingnonliving cycle of carbon-oxygen. CO2 respiration photosynthesis O2 CARBON CYCLE • How does carbon enter the living part of the cycle? Using the process of CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO CO2 2 CO2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS, plants use CO2 to make food CO2 + H2O ----> C6H12O6 + O2 CARBON CYCLE • Carbon is returned to the atmosphere environment by: (leave space to write the definition) • cellular respiration • erosion • combustion • decomposition CARBON CYCLE CO2 in Atmosphere combustion decomposition animal respiration photosynthesis by plants plant respiration soil erosion photosynthesis by algae respiration RESPIRATION - CO2 is PHOTOSYNTHESIS by algae DECOMPOSITION - COback back into the released into the 2 is released Plants use carbonand aquatic animals COMBUSTION -food CO2 isdown released atmosphere asatmosphere organic matter is broken when dioxide to make food litter back intoisthe atmosphere when (glucose) broken down ` EROSION - CO2 is released back organic material is burned into the atmosphere when erosion breaks down certain rock limestone decomposition fossil fuels coal, gas, petroleum oceans, lakes
