Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Rocks Unit: Rocks Topic: Igneous Rocks Objectives: Day 1 of 4 I will know how to define a rock I will know the 3 basic types of rocks I will know how the rock change from one type to another using the rock cycle I will know how to identify Igneous Rocks based on their physical characteristics http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp &v=FnoHDRPJjkw&NR=1 Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: How do you think magma (hot liquid rock becomes solid hard rock?????? Can rocks change into other types of rocks?? What do you think rocks are made of???? Here is Granite Granite is a Mixture of Different minerals It made up of the minerals Quartz, Hornblende, & Feldspar What is a Rock? mixture A rock is a _______of one or more minerals Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling Rock Classification All rocks fit into 3 categories Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rock Cycle We just learned about the 3 types of rocks, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic As it turns out, Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock. Rock Cycle Magma Cooling and Hardening of Magma Melting Igneous Rock Heat and Pressure Weathering And Erosion Sediments Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Compaction Rock And Cementation Heat and Pressure What is the Rock Cycle? The process by which over many years rocks change ______ back and forth between igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks, are rocks that were once lava or magma and simply cooled into solid rock! So, when volcanoes erupt, new igneous rocks are formed! Or, when magma cools slowly underground, new rock is also formed! Igneous Rock Formation Some Igneous rocks Make it all the way to the surface Most Igneous rocks Form below the Surface What are Igneous Rocks? Rocks formed from the cooling and hardening of ______ magma (hot molten liquid rock) Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling Igneous Rock Classification Igneous rocks are classified by their color and crystal size Igneous Rocks that form below ground are called intrusive (inside or interior) igneous Rocks Igneous rocks that form above the ground are called extrusive igneous rocks Finally, dark colored igneous rocks are called Mafic and lighter colored igneous rocks are called felsic Extrusive Igneous Rock: Outside the earth Fast Cooling Small Crystals Ex: Basalt Intrusive Igneous Rock: Inside the earth Slow Cooling Large Crystals Ex: Granite Answer Bank large above Mixture Slowly quickly What’s the difference between Intrusive & Extrusive Igneous Rocks? Intrusive Rocks cooled slowly beneath or below the earth’s surface large resulting in _____ crystals Ex: Granite & Gabbro Granite Gabbro Extrusive Igneous Rocks cooled quickly ______ above the earth’s surface resulting in small crystals Ex: Rhyolite & Basalt Rhyolite Basalt Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocks Felsic Igneous rocks are light in color & high in silica Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous rocks are dark in color & low in silica Granite Rhyolite Ex: Gabbro and Basalt Basalt Gabbro What’s the difference between Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocks? Answer Bank dark above Felsic Igneous Mixture rocks are light in Slowly color & high in silica light Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous rocks are ____ dark in color & low in silica Granite Rhyolite Ex: Gabbro and Basalt Basalt Gabbro Summary Igneous rocks formed from the _____ and ______of magma _____Igneous are dark and _____ igneous rocks are lighter in color _____ igneous rocks cooled slowly and have large crystals _____ igneous cooled quickly forming small crystals Draw Table: Intrusive (fast cooling, small crystals) Mafic intrusive cooling extrusive hardening felsic Felsic- Mafic- Light in color, high in silica Dark in color, low in silica Granite Gabbro Rhyolite Basalt (slow cooling, large crystals) Extrusive Answer Bank Unit: Rocks Topic: Clastic Sedimentary Rock Objectives: Day 2 of 4 I will learn about weathering, erosion and deposition and how it affects rocks I will learn about clastic sedimentary rocks and the conditions under which they formed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NygkD8uA Tng http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydZ4SWiq Gik Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: What are some types of sediment you’re familiar with??? How do you think sediment forms?? How do you think sediment moves? Weathering Erosion Deposition & Stratification In order for us to learn about sedimentary rocks, we need to first learn about weathering, erosion deposition and stratification Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by the action of water and wind Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water and wind Deposition is the dropping and accumulation of rock into layers Stratification is the layering of sediment Erosion: Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water, wind and gravity Deposition: The dropping and accumulation Of sediment over time Stratification: The layering of sediment What is Weathering, Erosion, Deposition & Stratification? Weathering – breaking down of rock Erosion – wearing down and _____ of rock by water, wind, gravity Deposition - The dropping and accumulation of _____ in low places such as a lake, or ocean bottom Stratification - The layering of sediment Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction Sediments Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and organic material Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and shells Pebble Sediments are classified by their sizes Sand Silt Clay Invisible at this scale Sediment, It’s Everywhere! Even on the Moon? Sand or Silt? Neither, it’s called Regolith!!!!! What are Sediments? Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and _____ material Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and shells Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction Sedimentary Rocks (clastic) Now that we have broken down rock into sediment, we can make sedimentary rock Clastic Sedimentary Rock forms through deposition, stratification (layering) and lithification process Lithification literally means “To make Rock” The lithification involves compacting and cementing sediment Sand Sandstone sediments gravel sand conglomerate sandstone silt sedimentary rocks siltstone clay shale What are Clastic Sedimentary Rocks? Rock created through the deposition, stratification (layering), and ______of sediment Ex: Silt stone, sandstone, conglomerate Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered Compaction lithification Shale Lithification How does sediment become sedimentary rock???? The answer is Lithification!!!! Lithification is the process that involves compaction and cementation of sediment Compaction occurs when layers of sediment compress the rock below it Cementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between them Compaction Cementation Compaction What is Lithification? Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction Cementation Process by which sediment becomes sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation Compaction occurs when layers of sediment ____the rock below it Cementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals ____ between them Compaction Cementation Summarize: 1. Weathering ______ Please draw the diagram below and fill in the missing terms: – – – – Deposition Compaction & Cementation Erosion Weathering Erosion 2.______ Deposition 3.______ Compaction Cementation 4.______&_______ Unit: Rocks Topic: Metamorphic Rocks Objectives: Day 3 of 4 I will be able to compare and contrast organic and chemical sedimentary rocks I will know how metamorphic rocks form I will know how foliation forms in metamorphic rocks as a result of pressure and temperature Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: What would be left behind if you let a glass of salty water evaporate in the hot sun??? If you add heat to a raw egg what happens to it????? What would happen to your hand if you kept stacking textbooks on top of it???? What are some rocks you may have seen in a cave??? Organic Sedimentary Rocks Organic Sedimentary Rocks are Rocks that have formed from once living creatures or Organisms – Ex: Coal, a carbon rich rock that formed from the buried and compacted remains of dead plants – Ex: Limestone formed by compacted and cemented shells and coral Coal Limestone Coal Formation Coal Coal formed from the buried and compacted remains of plants over millions of years Chemical Sedimentary Rocks Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals precipitate or solidify out of water – Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the salt Gypsum Gypsum Formation (chemical sedimentary rock) Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the a precipitate solid rock Salty Lake Stalactite Formation Stalactites form in caves as dissolved minerals in water Calcium Calcium Calcium Mineral Mineral Mineral precipitate and Calcium Mineral Calcium solidify into Mineral rock Over time, Stalactites grow What’s the difference between Organic and Chemical Sedimentary rocks? Organic Sedimentary Rocks living creatures form from once _____ or Organisms – Ex: Coal, carbon rich rock formed from buried & compacted remains of dead plants – Ex: Limestone formed by compacted and cemented shells and coral Coal Answer Bank Align Precipitate Living Pressure Solidify shells Limestone Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals precipitate ________or solidify out of water – Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the salt Gypsum Metamorphic Rocks Igneous rocks are born of fire Sedimentary rocks are formed by weathering and erosion But how do Metamorphic Rocks Form? The last type of rock we will study is called metamorphic rock Metamorphic Rocks The word “Metamorphic” or “Morph” means to change So, how do rocks change? By Heat and Pressure In order to understand Metamorphic Rocks, we need to understand how heat and pressure can change a pre-existing rock Limestone Marble Metamorphic Rocks When rocks are subjected to extreme temperatures & pressures, their chemistry changes and they become a new rock What are Metamorphic Rocks ? Rocks that have ______ changed due to a temperature or pressure _____ increase Ex: marble, slate, Quartzite, & Gneiss Answer Bank Align Living Pressure Solidify changed FoliationPressure and Heat Pictured here is Granite What happens if we apply heat and pressure to granite?? Applying pressure will cause the minerals to flatten and become aligned Granite Gneiss Pressure and Heat Foliation Metamorphic rocks are classified as either Foliated (having foliation) and Non-Foliated (no foliation) Foliated Metamorphic Rocks include Slate and Gneiss Slate Gneiss Non-foliated Rocks include Marble and Quartzite Marble Quartzite What is Foliation? Answer Bank Align Living Pressure Solidify When mineral grains flatten align themselves as a and ____ Pressure and Heat result of pressure Foliated Rock = Slate & Gniess Non-Foliated Rock = Marble & Quartzite Pressure and Heat Protolith Before they were Metamorphic Rocks, they were either igneous or sedimentary For example, Limestone below is a Sedimentary Rock If we add Heat and Pressure, it will change into marble A protolith is the original rock from which a metamorphic rock formed The table below summarize some common protoliths Table 1 Heat and Pressure Limestone Siltstone Heat and Pressure Limestone Marble Marble Slate Sandstone Heat and Pressure Quartzite Granite Heat and Pressure Gneiss What is a Protolith? original rock from which a The ______ metamorphic rock formed Draw table below: Table 1 Answer Bank Align original Living Pressure Solidify Limestone Heat and Pressure Marble Siltstone Heat and Pressure Slate Sandstone Heat and Pressure Quartzite Granite Heat and Pressure Gneiss Summarize: Extrusive Igneous Rock Please draw the diagram below and fill in the missing terms: – – – – 4.________ Intrusive Igneous Rock Extrusive igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic Rock Intrusive Igneous Rock 3.________ Metamorphic Rock 2.__________ Heat & Pressure Heat & Pressure Sedimentary Rock 1.__________ Unit: Rocks Topic: Rock Identification Objectives: Day 4 of 4 I will be able to identify rocks based on their physical properties I will be able to review the rock cycle and know how it works Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: If you were blindfolded, how would you be able to tell the difference between a piece of sand paper and a piece of glass??? Rock Physical Properties Rocks are classified by how they form But how do we tell them apart?? Just like minerals, rocks have physical properties that we use to tell them apart Rock Physical Properties: Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks have different textures for, a rock like granite with large crystals has a course grained texture Some rocks like rhyolite with small crystals have a fine grained texture Some rocks cooled so quickly, they have a glassy texture like obsidian Granite Rhyolite Obsidian Rock Physical Properties: Igneous Rocks Some rocks like Basalt or Scoria have holes in them that formed from gases escaping from as the lava cooled We call these holes vesicles Basalt Scoria Rock Physical Properties: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks are identified by sediment size Another clue to it’s identity is texture, sandstone feels gritty, siltstone is smooth Rock Physical Properties: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks are also identified by having layers or fossils Rock Physical Properties: Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are identified by either having foliation or lacking in foliation How do we identify igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks? By their physical ______ Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic small crystals create a fine-grained texture By their texture, sandstone feels gritty siltstone feels smooth look for foliation or no-foliation large crystals create a coarse grained texture obsidian has a glassy texture gas holes or vesicles look for layers or fossils Answer Bank Properties Heat & Pressure(2) Compaction & Cementation Cooling & Hardening Erosion & Weathering Rock Cycle Review Magma Cooling and Hardening of Magma Melting Igneous Rock Heat and Pressure Weathering And Erosion Sediments Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Compaction Rock And Cementation Heat and Pressure Rock Cycle Use the rock cycle to help fill in the blanks Magma or Sediment Physical Process: Rock Type: Physical Process: Silt compaction & cementation Siltstone Sand compaction & cementation Sandstone 1) sand Compaction & cementation Rock Type: Start Here Basalt 2) Magma Broken pieces Shells & Coral Answer Bank 3) 5) heat and pressure Limestone erosion & weathering Quartzite Sandstone 4) Granite cooling & hardening Slate Heat & Pressure Heat & Pressure (2) Compaction & cementation Gneiss Marble Time to play: Clue: I have a gritty texture, and as you can see, I am also made up of layers!!!! 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian???? Time to play: Clue: I have been exposed to heat and pressure, as result I have squished mineral grains or foliation!!!! 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian?? Time to play: Clue: I formed from lava above the surface, and as result I have small crystal grains and a fine grained texture, I also have gas holes or vesicles……. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian?? Time to play: Clue: I formed from lava above the surface, I cooled so quiockly that I became volcanic glass and as result I have a smooth glassy texture……. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian?? Time to play: Clue: I have a fossil fern, I am made from the compaction and cementation of sediment, unlike sandstone, I have a smooth texture ……. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian?? Time to play: Clue: I cooled from magma slowly underground, therfore I made up of large crystals giving me a course grained texture….. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian?? Summarize: Draw and Complete the Rock Cycle: Magma cools and hardens Melting ???? ???? Heat and Pressure ???? Weathering and Erosion ???? ???? Compaction and Cementation Answer Bank Sedimentary Metamorphic Weathering & Erosion (2) Igneous Heat & Pressure