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Topic 3: Measuring Planet Earth Part 3.2: Structure of the Earth AIM: Describe the composition of Earth’s three spheres. 1. What are the three ‘spheres’ of Earth? Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere 1a. Lithosphere Land or Crust the rigid shell of rock that surrounds the Earth. About 100 km thick. What are the two most abundant elements in the crust, by mass? Oxygen and Silicon Using the ESRT Using the last page of the ESRT, find the name of the common mineral that is composed of Oxygen and Silicon. Quartz 1b. Hydrosphere Earth’s liquid water. About 3-5 km thick (deep) Covers about 70% of Earth’s surface What element is most abundant in the ocean? Hydrogen 1c. Atmosphere Shell of gases that surrounds Earth about 160 km thick 2. What are the layers of the atmosphere? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere 2a. Troposphere We live in the troposphere. All weather and nearly all water vapor are in this layer. Gets colder as you go up. 0-12 km in altitude “The Troublesphere” 2b. Stratosphere Temperatures get warmer as you go up. Home of the Ozone layer. 2c. Mesosphere & Thermosphere Upper layers of the atmosphere. The air is very thin. 3. What do we call the boundaries between layers of the atmosphere? All end in ‘pause’ Tropopause Stratopause Mesopause Using the ESRT- pg. 14 Which layer has the smallest distance from top to bottom? troposphere Using the ESRT- pg. 14 How does the air temperature change as you travel from Earth’s surface to the top of the troposphere? Constantly decreases Using the ESRT- pg. 14 How does the air pressure change as you travel from Earth’s surface to the top of the troposphere? Constantly decreases Using the ESRT- pg. 14 Which layers contain water vapor? Mostly in the troposphere Some in the stratosphere Composition of the Spheres: Use ESRT pg. 1 to complete pie charts Review of the atmosphere http://www.vtaide.com/png/assess.htm BrainPOP | Science | Learn about Earth's Atmosphere 1) In which temperature zone layer of Earth’s Final atmosphere is temperature decreasing and air Questions pressure very low? a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere 2) What is the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen present in Earth’s atmosphere? a) 10% b) 33% c) 21% d) 46%
