Download Lesson 27 Using the Internet and the World Wide Web

Lesson 27
Using the Internet and the World Wide
Web
Computer Literacy
BASICS: A
Comprehensive Guide
to IC3, 3rd Edition
1
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Objectives
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Understand the difference between the Internet
and the World Wide Web.
Identify terminology related to the Internet and
the World Wide Web.
Identify different items on a Web page.
Identify different types and purposes of Web
sites.
Use a browser to navigate the Web.
Refresh a Web page.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Objectives (continued)
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Show a history of recently visited Web sites.
Navigate to and delete history of recently
visited Web sites.
Manage bookmarked sites.
Copy elements from a Web site to another
program.
Identify problems associated with using the
Web.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Vocabulary
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ActiveX
client
cookie
digital certificate
domain
File Transfer
Protocol (FTP)
geographic imaging
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hit
home page
Hypertext markup
language (HTML)
Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP)
Internet Protocol
(IP) address
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Vocabulary (continued)
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Internet service
provider (ISP)
Mosaic
podcast
Portal
Really Simple
Syndication (RSS)
Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL)
social networking site
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Uniform Resource
Locator (URL)
Web 2.0
Web cache
Web site
webapp
wiki
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Introduction
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People use the Internet to research information,
shop for goods and services, go to school,
communicate with family and friends, read the
daily newspaper, and make airplane and hotel
reservations, for example.
Anyone with access to the Internet can connect to
and communicate with anyone else in the world
who also has Internet access.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web
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Internet services include blogs, chat rooms, e-mail,
FTP (file transfer protocol), instant messaging,
mailing lists, newsgroups and bulletin boards,
online conferencing, and Voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP).
The Internet’s most popular service is the World
Wide Web.
Many people use the terms World Wide Web, or
Web, and the Internet interchangeably, but they
are two different things.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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The Web actually began in 1990, when Dr.
Tim Berners-Lee wrote Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP). It became the language
computers use to transmit hypertext
documents over the Internet.
Dr. Berners-Lee developed a text-based
program called Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML) that creates hyperlinked
documents.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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In 1993, the number of
people using the Web
increased significantly
when Marc Andreessen
released Mosaic, the
first graphical browser.
In 1994, Andreessen
cofounded Netscape
Communications.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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In 2004, the phrase Web 2.0 was coined.
Web 2.0 includes a new generation of Webbased services such as blogs, socialnetworking sites, wikis, and application
software built into the site.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology:
ActiveX is a programming interface developed
by Microsoft for Windows. This set of rules
controls Windows applications that are
downloaded from the Internet and then run in a
browser.
A cookie is a small text file that Web sites put
on your computer to store information about
you and your preferences.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology
(cont):
A digital certificate is
an electronic
document similar to
an ID card. It verifies
the identity of a
person or company
and confirms that they
own a public key.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology (cont):
A domain identifies a computer or Web site on
the Internet. The Domain Name System (DNS)
converts domain names to IP addresses, such
as .com, .edu, .org, .gov, and .net.
Encryption is the process of converting text into
an unrecognizable format when it is sent and
changing it back (decryption) into plain text
when it reaches its destination.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology
(cont):
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
is used to transfer files
between computers. You
can upload (send) files from
one computer to another and
retrieve (download) files from
a server to a computer.
A home page is the first
page that appears in the
browser when you visit a
Web site.
Morrison / Wells
Home page for a community college
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology (cont):
HTML is the programming language used to create
Web pages.
A client is a type of computer program that makes a
service request from a server.
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that
provides connectivity to the Internet.
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical
addressing system that uniquely identifies
computers and networks linked to the Internet.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology (cont):
A podcast is a method of publishing files (primarily
audio) to the Internet that can be streamed or
downloaded for playback on a computer or a
personal digital audio player.
Really Simple Syndication (RSS) is a format
originally developed to syndicate news articles
online. This communication method now is used
widely to share the contents of blogs.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology (cont):
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol for managing
the security of message transmissions on the Internet.
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a
Web page, FTP site, audio stream, or other Internet
resource.
A Web browser is a software program you use to view
and retrieve documents from the World Wide Web and
to display the documents in a readable format.
A Web cache is a temporary storage area on your
computer for collecting data.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Internet Terminology (cont):
A Web site is a collection of related HTMLformatted Web pages located on the World Wide
Web.
A wiki is a collaborative Web site that people can
use to add, edit, remove, and organize Web page
content.
XML is the abbreviation for Extensible Markup
Language, which is a flexible text format for
creating structured computer documents.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Understanding Web Page Elements:
A Web page can be a simple text document or it
can contain a variety of the following elements:
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Links to other Web sites
Text, video, or other media
Hyperlinked text and graphics
Interactive objects such as buttons, text boxes, option
buttons, check boxes, menus, and lists
Images such as photos, pictures, maps, and drawings
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
Understanding Web Page Elements (cont):
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Nps.gov web page
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Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
The Internet and the World Wide
Web (continued)
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Understanding Web Page Elements (cont):
Web sites can be organized into different
categories, each with a different purpose.
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Commercial
Academic
Organizational
Governmental
Web sites hosted in
different countries
Search sites
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Secure sites
Online Applications
Portal
Weblog
Social networking
Geographic imaging
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Connecting to the Internet
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Before you can access the Internet, you have
to connect to it.
If you connect from an office or academic
setting, you probably are connecting through a
local area network (LAN).
Home users connect using a dedicated highspeed digital telephone line, a cable modem, or
a wireless connection. Dial-up modems linked
to telephone lines are becoming less common.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
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Steps for connecting to the Internet:
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3.
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Locate an ISP or an online service
Install telecommunications software that enables your
computer to connect to another computer.
Install a Web browser. Most computers purchased today
come with a browser installed.
You may have to give instructions to your computer to
dial a local telephone number if you are using a dial-up
modem, but if you have a high-speed dedicated phone
line, a cable connection, or a wireless service, you start
your browser.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
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Hotspots are
wireless
hookups.
Applications
are available
to search for
hotspots.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
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Different types of Internet connections provide a
range of options.
Broadband connections can transmit multiple
channels of information over a single link.
Cable modems, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and
T-1 lines offer high bandwidth, as opposed to a
dial-up telephone modem, which has only a single
bandwidth that can transmit voice or data, but not
at the same time.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics
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A browser is a software program you use to retrieve
documents from the World Wide Web and to display
them in a readable format.
To connect to the Internet, the browser sends a
message to the Web server to retrieve your
requested Web page.
The browser then renders the HTML code to display
the page.
You navigate the Web by using your mouse to point
and click hyperlinked words and images.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
Parts of the Browser Window:
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Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Parts of the
Browser Window
(cont):
Parts of the
Internet Explorer
window
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Navigating the Web:
In most instances, you can double-click the browser
icon located on your computers’ desktop to start
your Web browser.
Your browser was installed with a default home
page.
If you want to visit a specific Web site, you need to
know the address, which you enter in the Address
bar.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Refreshing or Reloading a Web Page:
When you visit a Web page, a copy of the contents
are stored in your cache, a temporary storage area
for data you access frequently.
If you access a Web page with updated information,
you may need to refresh the information using one
of three options:
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Click the Refresh button on the Address bar
Select View on the menu bar and then click Refresh
Press the F5 key
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Recent History:
In Internet Explorer,
you can view a list
of recently visited
Web sites by
clicking the
Favorites Center
button and then
click the History
button.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Finding Text on a Web Page:
Many Web sites contain a large number of pages and links and
provide a search tool specific to the site. You can also use the
Find command.
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Organizing and
Managing Favorites:
Internet Explorer
provides a tool, called
Favorites, to make it
easy for you to easily
access a Web site that
you visit frequently.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Organizing and Managing Favorites
(cont):
Once you have a Web site added as a
favorite or bookmarked site, you can
access a site, move a favorite or
bookmarked site between folders, and
share favorite or bookmarked sites with
other users.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Downloading a File from a Web Site:
You can download a file such as a program,
graphic, or document from a Web page.
You should only download files from reliable
sources.
Many sites provide an interface that makes the
process of downloading simple.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Browser Basics (continued)
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Copying and Printing
Information from a Web
Page:
You can copy and save
specific elements of a
Web page to disk and
use them in a new
document or file.
You can also print a copy
of a Web page directly
from your browser.
Copying text on a Web page
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CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Web Browser Settings
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In Internet
Explorer, you
can change your
browser’s
security settings
using the
Internet Options
dialog box.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Lesson 27
Browser Issues
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A “Page not found” message might be displayed
because the page was moved, an old index is still
maintained in the search engine, or you made a
typing error when entering the Web site address.
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A Web page may load slowly because of heavy server
traffic or the page may contain a large number of images.
Pop-up ads pop up in the middle of a page that you are
reading to call attention to their content. Internet Explorer
contains a pop-up blocker that limits most pop-ups.
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Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Summary
In this lesson, you learned:
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The Internet and the World Wide Web have their own
terminology. You should be familiar with terms such as
ActiveX, cookies, digital certificate, and domain.
A Web page can be solely a text document or it can be
made up of elements such as Web site addresses that
link to other Web sites; audio, video, graphics, or other
media; hyperlinked text and hyperlinked graphics; and
interactive objects such as buttons, text boxes, option
buttons, check boxes, menus, and lists.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Summary (continued)
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Select an Internet connection to balance the features
you want, such as connection speed and reliability, with
the cost and availability of the different options. For
example, broadband connections allow multiple
channels of information to be transmitted over a single
link so more than one channel of video, voice, and
computer data can be carried simultaneously.
Parts of the Internet Explorer browser window include
the Address bar, document tabs, status bar, and
command bar.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Summary (continued)
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A browser displays a home page when it starts. You
use the Address bar to verify the address of the current
page and enter addresses to visit other pages. A Web
address is called the Uniform Resource Locator (URL),
which uniquely identifies each Web page and tells the
browser where to locate the page.
Internet Explorer and other browsers provide a favorite
or bookmarked sites list to make it easy for you to
return to a particular Web site you visit frequently.
Internet Explorer provides a Favorites Center that lists
and organizes the Web pages in your Favorites list.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E
Summary (continued)
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Web sites used for financial transactions or ecommerce usually use encrypted communication to
make them more secure than sites that simply provide
information. Some Web sites also require you to log on
using an account or user name and a password.
Problems associated with using the Web include not
being able to display Web sites, navigating to pages
that are slow to load or contain garbled text, or finding
pop-up ads distract you from or block the content on
the page.
Morrison / Wells
CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E