Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Lifetime Wellness: Achieving Personal Health Health is a dynamic process that takes into account the decisions we make every day. It is a way of life. Health then incorporates three ideas: 1. Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as possible 2. Being active, able to do what you want and what you must at the appropriate time 3. Being in good spirits and feeling emotionally healthy most of the time Homeostasis is the regulation of body systems to produce a relatively constant physiological state without the need for conscious control. Homeostatic mechanisms regulate: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ maintaining normal blood pressure body temperature heart rate blood glucose levels Medical Model ◦ Health is the absence of one or more of the “five Ds”—death, disease, discomfort, disability, and dissatisfaction. ◦ Relies almost exclusively on biological explanations of disease and illness and on interpreting them in terms of malfunction. Environmental Model (one of two slides) ◦ Based on analyses of ecosystems and environmental risks to health, such as socioeconomic status (SES), level of education, and various environmental factors. ◦ Health is defined in terms of the quality of a person’s adaptation to the environment as conditions change. Environmental Model (continued) ◦ Focuses on conditions outside the individual that affect his or her health, such as quality of air and water, living conditions, exposure to harmful substances, SES, social relationships, and the available health care system. Holistic Model ◦ Encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of individuals and communities. ◦ People have the capability & responsibility for optimizing well-being, practicing self-healing, and creating feelings and conditions that help prevent disease and promote and maintain health. Life Expectany • • • • How long do you expect to live? How long do you want to live? What will you die from? Why? Life Expectancy Here is what we can predict: • U.S. life expectancy – Men 75.7 years; women 80.8 years – U.S. ranks #38 in world – Time lived with illness and disability increasing • Factors accounting for ranking – Obesity, low physical activity, and tobacco use • Average lifespan may be decreasing Life Expectancy Causes of Death in the U.S. Leading Causes of Death Lifestyle as a Health Problem “Big Five” Risk Factors • Leading risk factors in the U.S. are related to lifestyle choices • • • • • Smoking High blood pressure Overweight and obesity Physical inactivity High blood glucose Healthy Habits to Reduce Risk • Get at least 30 minutes of daily moderateintensity physical activity • Don’t ever smoke • Eat a healthy diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, and low meat consumption) • Maintain a body mass index (BMI) less than 30 National Health Objectives, 2020 • Dept. of Health and Human Services objectives for preventing disease and promoting health • Three important points: – Personal responsibility for health behavior* – Health benefits for all people and all communities – Health promotion and disease prevention – Does everyone have the same control over their health and health-related outcomes? National Physical Activity Plan • Policy, environmental, and cultural changes to help all Americans enjoy the health benefits of physical activity – What prevents people from being active or taking other steps to improve their health? • Implementation requires cooperation among school officials, city and county council members, state legislators, corporations, and Congress “Sitting Disease”: A 21st Century Chronic Disease • Not a medical diagnosis, but scientific community has coined the term “sitting disease” for chronic, detrimental effects of sitting too long – The longer you sit, the less healthy you are – Many adverse effects • Weaker muscles, a sluggish central nervous system, decreased cognitive function, increased fatigue, obesity, decreased insulin sensitivity, higher blood pressure, increased cholesterol, etc. • What is the recommendation about sitting? Seven Dimensions of Wellness Health-Related Components Health Benefits • • • • • • • Improves cardiorespiratory system Maintains muscle tone, strength, and endurance Improves muscular flexibility Enhances athletic performance Helps maintain recommended weight Helps preserve lean body tissue Increases metabolic rate Exercise and Brain Function • Better academic grades • Dose-response association with academic performance • Increases blood and oxygen flow to the brain • Instigates brain connections critical to learning • Generates growth factors for new nerve cells • Increases neurotransmitters vital to thought • Protects against age-related cognitive loss Economic Benefits • Sedentary lifestyle impacts the nation’s economy – As activity decreases, health care costs increase • Costs =16% of GDP in the US – Highest cost per person – Emphasizes treatment vs. prevention Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • Health Life expectancy Sedentary Chronic diseases Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS) Physical activity Exercise Morbidity Health-related fitness Skill-related fitness