Download Introduction to Wellness PHED 215 Online

Lifetime Wellness:
Achieving Personal Health
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Health is a dynamic process that takes into
account the decisions we make every day. It
is a way of life.
Health then incorporates three ideas:
1. Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as
much as possible
2. Being active, able to do what you want and what
you must at the appropriate time
3. Being in good spirits and feeling emotionally
healthy most of the time
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Homeostasis is the regulation of body
systems to produce a relatively
constant physiological state without the
need for conscious control.
Homeostatic mechanisms regulate:
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maintaining normal blood pressure
body temperature
heart rate
blood glucose levels
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Medical Model
◦ Health is the absence of one or more of the “five
Ds”—death, disease, discomfort, disability, and
dissatisfaction.
◦ Relies almost exclusively
on biological explanations
of disease and illness and on
interpreting them in terms
of malfunction.
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Environmental Model
(one of two slides)
◦ Based on analyses of ecosystems and
environmental risks to health, such as
socioeconomic status (SES), level of education, and
various environmental factors.
◦ Health is defined in terms of the quality of a
person’s adaptation to the environment as
conditions change.
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Environmental Model (continued)
◦ Focuses on conditions outside the individual that
affect his or her health, such as quality of air and
water, living conditions, exposure to harmful
substances, SES, social relationships, and the
available health care system.
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Holistic Model
◦ Encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional,
social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of
individuals and communities.
◦ People have the capability & responsibility for
optimizing well-being, practicing self-healing, and
creating feelings and conditions that help prevent
disease and promote and maintain health.
Life Expectany
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How long do you expect to live?
How long do you want to live?
What will you die from?
Why?
Life Expectancy
Here is what we can predict:
• U.S. life expectancy
– Men 75.7 years; women 80.8 years
– U.S. ranks #38 in world
– Time lived with illness and disability increasing
• Factors accounting for ranking
– Obesity, low physical activity, and tobacco use
• Average lifespan may be decreasing
Life Expectancy
Causes of Death in the U.S.
Leading Causes of Death
Lifestyle as a Health Problem
“Big Five” Risk Factors
• Leading risk factors in the U.S. are related to
lifestyle choices
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Smoking
High blood pressure
Overweight and obesity
Physical inactivity
High blood glucose
Healthy Habits to Reduce Risk
• Get at least 30 minutes of daily moderateintensity physical activity
• Don’t ever smoke
• Eat a healthy diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grain
products, and low meat consumption)
• Maintain a body mass index (BMI) less than 30
National Health Objectives, 2020
• Dept. of Health and Human Services objectives
for preventing disease and promoting health
• Three important points:
– Personal responsibility for health behavior*
– Health benefits for all people and all communities
– Health promotion and disease prevention
– Does everyone have the same control over their
health and health-related outcomes?
National Physical Activity Plan
• Policy, environmental, and cultural changes to
help all Americans enjoy the health benefits of
physical activity
– What prevents people from being active or taking
other steps to improve their health?
• Implementation requires cooperation among
school officials, city and county council
members, state legislators, corporations, and
Congress
“Sitting Disease”: A 21st Century Chronic
Disease
• Not a medical diagnosis, but scientific
community has coined the term “sitting disease”
for chronic, detrimental effects of sitting too long
– The longer you sit, the less healthy you are
– Many adverse effects
• Weaker muscles, a sluggish central nervous
system, decreased cognitive function, increased
fatigue, obesity, decreased insulin sensitivity,
higher blood pressure, increased cholesterol, etc.
• What is the recommendation about sitting?
Seven Dimensions of Wellness
Health-Related Components
Health Benefits
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Improves cardiorespiratory system
Maintains muscle tone, strength, and endurance
Improves muscular flexibility
Enhances athletic performance
Helps maintain recommended weight
Helps preserve lean body tissue
Increases metabolic rate
Exercise and Brain Function
• Better academic grades
• Dose-response association with academic
performance
• Increases blood and oxygen flow to the brain
• Instigates brain connections critical to learning
• Generates growth factors for new nerve cells
• Increases neurotransmitters vital to thought
• Protects against age-related cognitive loss
Economic Benefits
• Sedentary lifestyle impacts the nation’s economy
– As activity decreases, health care costs increase
• Costs =16% of GDP in the US
– Highest cost per person
– Emphasizes treatment vs. prevention
Key Terms
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Health
Life expectancy
Sedentary
Chronic diseases
Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS)
Physical activity
Exercise
Morbidity
Health-related fitness
Skill-related fitness