Download CPSC 567 and 609 Foundations of Multi

CPSC 567 and 609 Foundations of Multi-Agent Systems
Winter 2017
Jörg Denzinger
ICT 752
[email protected]
http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~denzinge/
1. Introduction
1.1. Organization
  Lectures: TR 15:30
CPSC 567 and CPSC 609 combined
  Main assignment:
Team project: write a team of agents that work
together rescuing people buried under rubble after a
disaster struck a city (simulation within the ARES
system)
  Additional assignments:
CPSC 567:   Individual report on team system
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Organization (cont.)
  Additional assignments:
CPSC 609:   Team report on team system
  Midterm paper on cooperation concept
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Determining your grade (609)
Individual component:
  Midterm paper 20%
  Oral exam
30%
Team component
  Implemented multi-agent system
30%
  Report about system 20%
If the individual component gives me doubt about the
contribution of a student to the team, his/her grades
for the team will be lowered!
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Determining your grade (CPSC 567)
Individual component:
  Individual system report
  Oral exam
Team component
  Implemented multi-agent system
30%
40%
30%
If the individual component gives me doubt about the
contribution of a student to the team, his/her grades
for the team will be lowered!
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
More Information
  Course webside:
http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~denzinge/
courses/cs609-winter2017.html
http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~denzinge/
courses/cs567-winter2017.html
  Internet
  Recommended papers
  Talk to me, ask questions, send me email.
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
1.2 Motivation
Avatar
Blackboard
Game theory
Intentions
Robo-Cup
Desire
Cooperation
Vickrey auction
Commitment
Competition
Belief
Teamwork
negotiations
Adversary!
Multi-Agent Systems
Contract-net
?
Market mechanisms
Jörg Denzinger
MAS and related areas
(in Computer Science)
  Artificial Intelligence
  Planning
  Learning
  Knowledge representation / logic
  Distributed Systems
  Efficient Algorithms
  Security
  Robotic
  (graphical) user interfaces
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
MAS and related areas
(outside Computer Science)
  Business Science / organizational theory / market
studies
  Game theory
  Psychology
  Sociology
  Arts
  All kinds of Simulations
  Soccer
  ...
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Goals of MAS (I)
In general: higher efficiency, faster answers, better
solutions
Especially: Synergy
(the whole is more than the sum of its parts)
Additional goals:
  Adequately modeling given distributions (functional, spatial, etc.)
  Improving adaptability, extendability, reliability of
systems ( software engineering)
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Goals of MAS (II)
  Easy integration of existing systems, achieving open
systems ( software engineering)   More cost efficiency by specialization and
distribution of tasks
  More security and safety by autonomy and isolation
  Usage of computer networks for AI applications
  Simulating human approach to hard tasks:
 computer (program) as colleague or part of a colleague
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Basic problems (I)
  Modeling agents
  degree of autonomy
  degree of willingness to collaborate
  degree of intelligence
  complexity
  Construction of a community (society, organization)
of agents
  communication
  control
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Basic problems (II)
  different roles
  division and assignment of tasks
  distribution/assignment of resources
  Utilizing a community of agents
  environment
  constraints/conditions to keep fulfilled
  efficiency
  reuse of components
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Solution approaches (I)
  Adaptation of human forms of organization
  political structures
  organization of business companies
  groups in society
  Negotiation concepts for solving conflicts
  detection of conflicts
  determining scope of conflicts
  protocol for solution process
  Game theoretical concepts, for example utility
(payoff) matrixes
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
Solution approaches (II)
  Knowledge representation techniques
 standards for information exchange, like FIPA initiative or KIF
  Different concepts for modeling agents, for example
modal logics, state automata, rule based modeling,…
  Tools for realizing MAS
  MAS languages
  Test beds, like OLEMAS and ARES
  Groupware
  ...
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
(Intended) Structure of the course (I)
1. Introduction
1. Organization
2. Motivation
3. A little history
2. Single-agent systems
1. Formal definitions and properties
2. Modeling of agents
3. Multi-agent systems
1. Formal definitions and properties
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
(Intended) Structure of the course (II)
3. 2. Interaction and cooperation concepts
3. Competitive agent environments
4. Learning in MAS
1. Learning in general
2. From single-agent to multi-agent learning
3. Examples
5. Testing MAS
6. Larger examples (if time permits)
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
1.3. A little history of MAS
1975 Hearsay-II, Blackboard systems (Erman, Lesser)
Beings: knowledge as interacting experts (Lenat)
1977 Actor model, message passing (Hewitt)
1980 First workshop on Distributed AI, MIT
Contract-net protocol, negotiations as cooperation concept (Smith)
1981 IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics special issue on DAI:
Organizational View on Distributed Systems (Fox)
The Scientific Community Metaphor (Kornfeld, Hewitt)
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
1981 Functionally accurate cooperative distributed systems (Lesser, Corkill)
1982 Synchronization of plans for agents (Rosenschein)
1983 Open Systems (Hewitt, de Jong)
1984 Modeling of Beliefs, Desires and Intentions (Levesque)
Actions in plans for multi-agent systems (Georgeff)
1985 Pursuit Game as testbed (Benda, Jadannathan, Dodhiawala)
1986 Cooperation without Communication, Utilizing game theory (Rosenschein)
Classification dimensions of DAI approaches (Sridharan, ed.)
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
1989 First MAAMAW, Cambridge
Reinforcement Learning (Watkins)
1990 First MACC
Agent-oriented programming (Shoham)
Learning in multi-agent systems (Sian)
User agents, personal assistant (Hammainen et al.)
(Pan, Tenenbaum)
1991 Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) (Interlingua
Working Group)
Teamwork concept (Denzinger)
1993 Founding Workshop of German DAI group, Saarbrücken
1994 Softbots (Etzioni, Weld) Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
1995 First ICMAS, San Francisco
1996 First RoboCup, Kyoto
Founding of FIPA-Initiative
1997 First Autonomous Agents conference
1998 Agents World, Paris
Start of the AgentLink program of EU
1999 First IAT, Hong Kong
Internet of Things mentioned by Kevin Ashton 2001 First RoboCupRescue competition
2002 First AAMAS in Italy
First Trading Agent Competition (TAC)
First Workshop on Teaching MAS at AAMAS
Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger
2006 First ART Competition (Using the Agent
Reputation and Trust Testbed)
Most influential paper award at AAMAS
First COMMA (Computational Models of Argument) Conference in Liverpool 2007 First SASO (Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems) Conference at MIT
2016 IAT rolled into Web Intelligence conference
ICA started as alternative
In general, trend towards specialized conferences and
sub-areas breaking away from the field
Other disciplines making use of MAS: security, Internet
of Things, etc. Multi-Agent Systems
Jörg Denzinger