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Rock On! Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock All rocks are made of MINERALS!!!! salt quartz graphite • Minerals inorganic solid materials found in nature. 4,000 different kinds of minerals exist! • Inorganic means not formed by plants or animals. • All minerals look and feel different from one another. You can use physical properties to tell different mineral apart. calcite silver gold sulfur How minerals form… • From melted rock inside the earth called magma (reaches earth surface called lava) cools and combines to form minerals. lava magma Scientists classify rocks by using two important criteria The minerals that themarble rock is made of!!!! salt granite rock lead •Determined by the shape, size, arrangement, and distribution of rock’s mineral grains •Provides clues for how and where rock formed Glassy Texture Rocks have NO visible grains! Obsidian Fine-Grained Texture Rocks have small visible grains! Basalt Shale Course-Grained Texture Rocks have large visible grains! Granite Gneiss Porphyritic Texture Rocks have small and large visible grains! Rhyolite Rhyolite Granite Textures Glassy Fine Grained Porphyritic Course Grained Three Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks GRANITE DIORITE OBSIDIAN •Igneous means •Igneous rocks form when and hardens BASALT Two Types of Igneous Rock Extrusive Rock Intrusive Rock Intrusive (inside) rock that forms when magma cools below earths surface. • Takes a LONG time to cool, so large grains form • Usually course-grained PEGMATITE DIORITE Extrusive (exit) rock that forms when lava cools on the earths surface. • Cools very quickly, so only small crystal may appear • Usually have fine- grained texture RHYOLITE BASALT OBSIDIAN • Extrusive rock forms in 2 ways –Volcano shoots it out –Fissures (cracks in the earth’s crust where lava oozes out) fissure •Form as sediments become compacted and cemented together • Sediments are pieces of rock, shells, minerals and grains. 3 types of sedimentary rock • Clastic rock • Chemical rock • Organic rock • Clastic rock forms when wind or water moves fragments of other rocks and minerals close together. • Minerals in dissolved water cement these particles together. Weight of new sediments on top of the old compress them even tighter. Weight of new sediment Pressing on old sediment Clastic Sedimentary Rock Conglomerate Sandstone Chemical rock • rock formed when water high in mineral content such as in oceans or geysers evaporates leaving the sediments behind. • NOT made from pre-existing rock Chemical Sedimentary Rock • Limestone • Organic rocks rock that comes from dead organisms that have been dead over millions of years. • Examples: coal, fuel 1 year later 100 years later 10 years later Bones break down Turns into dust More animals New animal Die dead animal particles Particles slowly 1000 years Old animal Get stacked on top particles Of each other new Old pressure Organic rock is made from fossils (remains or traces of once living plants or animals) Organic Sedimentary Rock • Coquina Fossiliferous Limestone •Metamorphic comes from “META” which means changed and “MORPHOS” which means shape •Form when sedimentary, igneous or other metamorphic rocks are exposed to intense heat and pressure • New rock can be changed to different kinds of rock by adding heat and pressure. The new type of rock formed is called metamorphic rock. Heat and pressure limestone marble • 2 types of metamorphic rock • Foliated rocks with visible layers • Nonfoliated rocks with no visible layers foliated nonfoliated • Rock cycle constant changing of rock from one type to another.
