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THE SUPERIOR MAXILLARY BONES
• Talking about the
• Рассказывать о костях
maxillae
верхней челюсти
• Describing structure of • Описывать строение
four surfaces of the
четырех поверхностей
maxilla
верхней челюсти
• Defining the four
• Определять четыре
processes of the maxilla отростка верхней
челюсти
• Употреблять
• Using
o Perfect Passive
o Perfect Passive
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bear / / v
boundary /
/n
eminence /
/n
fissure /
/n
floor / / n
fuse /
/v
groove /
/n
hiatus /
/n
incisive /
/ adj
irregular /
/ adj
join /
/v
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•
•
•
•
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lodge /
/v
margin /
/n
notch /
/n
orbit /
/n
plane /
/n
present /
/v
quarter /
/n
roof / / n
size / / n
transmit /
/v
vessel /
/n
The maxillae are large, irregularly
shaped paired bones that form the
upper jaw. They are fused in the
middle at the intermaxillary suture.
Above, they join with the frontal
bones of the forehead and laterally
with the zygomas, or cheekbones.
Each assists in forming the
boundaries of three cavities: the
roof of the mouth, the floor and
lateral wall of the nose and the
floor of the orbit. They also enter
into the formation of two fossae, the
infratemporal and pterygopalatine,
and two fissures, the inferior orbital
and pterygomaxillary.
Each maxillary bone consists of a
body and four processes:
zygomatic, frontal, palatine, and
alveolar ones. The frontal process
articulates with the frontal bone.
The zygomatic process articulates
with the zygomatic bone. The
palatine process forms the
anterior three quarters of the
hard palate. The alveolar process
bears the teeth.
The body of each maxillary bones
has four surfaces — an anterior, a
posterior or infratemporal, a
superior or orbital, and a medial
or nasal ones.
The anterior surface presents from medial to
lateral, the incisive fossa, the canine
eminence and the canine fossa.
The medial surface presents the maxillary
hiatus. In the living the maxillary hiatus is
smaller in size due to the attachment of the
surrounding bones. The medial surface of
maxilla forms part of the lateral wall of
nasal cavity.
The posterior surface of the maxilla shows
few minute foraminae which transmit the
posterior superior alveolar nerves and
vessels, to the upper molar teeth. The
posterior end of the alveolar border is
called the maxillary tuberosity.
The superior surface of the body of the
maxilla forms the floor of the orbit. It is
called the orbital surface. It represents the
infraorbital groove and canal which lodges
the infraorbital nerves and vessels.
Present Perfect Passive
Утвердительная форма
I / We / You /
have
They
been examined.
has
Отрицательная форма
I / We / You /
haven’t
They
been examined.
Отрицательная форма
I / We / You / They /
He / She / It
hadn’t
been examined.
He / She / It
He / She / It
have
(Why)
has
hasn’t
Вопросы
I / we / you /
they
he / she / it
been examined?
Past Perfect Passive
Утвердительная форма
I / We / You /
They / He / She /
It
had
been examined.
(Why) had
Вопросы
I / we / you / they
/ he / she / it
been examined?
Future Perfect Passive
Утвердительная форма
I / We / You /
They / He / She will have
been examined.
/ It
Отрицательная форма
I / We / You /
They / He / She won’t have
been examined.
/ It
Вопросы
I / we / you / they /
(Why) will he / she / it
been examined?
В данных предложениях использовано
формальное подлежащее.
Трансформируйте предложения,
употребив глаголы в Perfect Passive.
e.g. Someone has brought the
book. – The book has been brought.
1. They had finished the job by 5 p.m.
yesterday.
2. They will have completed the course of
physiotherapy by June.
3. Someone has already delivered a lecture
on osteoporosis.
4. Has anyone taken an x-ray of the broken
maxilla?
5. Had anyone examined your upper jaw
before you were admitted to our hospital?
6. I think they won’t have made this patient’s
dentures by May.
Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в
правильной форме Perfect Active или
Passive.
1. Both the upper and lower jaws ______
just ______ (to x-ray).
2. I think we ______ (to complete) the
report by tomorrow morning.
3. ______ the baby ______ (to examine)
by a neurologist before she had this attack?
4. _______ you ever ______ (to be) to an
A&E department earlier?
5. The dentist asked, ______ you ever
______ (to break) bones before?”.
6. Many bones ______ (to fuse) by the end
of the first year.
Расскажите о верхней челюсти и ее строении,
используя данные вопросы.
1. How many bones constitute the upper jaw?
2. What is the function of the upper jaw?
3. How many processes does each maxillary bone have? List them.
4. How many surfaces does each maxilla have? What are they?
5. What is the structure of the anterior surface of the body of the
maxillary bones?
6. How is the posterior surface of maxilla organized?
7. What does the superior surface of the body represent?
8. How is the medial surface of the body of maxilla structured?