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LIST OF SUBJECTS TO BE STUDIED FOR PGDGIS
Sl.No
SUBJECT
01
Semester I
PGDGIS 1.1 Computer Concepts
PGDGIS 1.2 Object Oriented Programming in C++ and Java
PGDGIS 1.3 Spatial Database Management System
PGDGIS 1.4 Fundamentals of Cartography
PGDGIS 1.5 Principles of GIS
02
Semester II
PGDGIS 2.1 Remote Sensing and Image Processing
PGDGIS 2.2 Digital Mapping
PGDGIS 2.3 Spatial Analysis
PGDGIS 2.4 Project
Elective paper
PGDGIS –E -1 Application of GIS
PGDGIS –E -2 Aerial Photography
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PGDGIS 1.1 Computer Concepts
Unit-I
Introducing Computer Systems, The Computer defined, Computers for individual users, Computers
organizations, The parts of a computer system, The information processing,cycle, Essential computer
hardware. Interacting with Computer, The Keyboard – The standard keyboard layout, How the computer
accepts, input from the keyboard, The Mouse, Variants of the mouse. Inputting data in, other ways –
Devices for the hand, Optical Input Devices, Audiovisual Input, Devices. Video and sound – Monitors,
Data projectors, Sound systems, Printing – Commonly used printers - Dot Matrix Printers, Ink Jet Printers,
Laser
Printers. Basic Concept - Binary Cell, Semiconductor memory. Types of Memory - RAM and ROM in
detail, Memory Chips: RAM and ROM EPROM
Unit-II
Input Devices and Output Devices
Keyboard, Point and Draw Devices - Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Electronic pen, Touch Screen. Data
Scanning Devices: Image Scanner: Flat-Bed and Hand-held Scanner, Optical Character Recognition
Device, Optical mark reader, Bar-Code Reader, Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition. Digitizer. Electroniccard Reader. Voice Recognition Devices. Vision-Input System, Monitors Printers: Dot-Matrix Printers,
Inkjet Printers, Laser Printers. Screen Image Projector. Voice Response Systems: Voice Reproduction
System, Speech Synthesizer
Unit-III Secondary Storage Devices
Secondary Storage Devices: Limitations of primary storage, Sequential and Direct- Access Devices.
Magnetic Disk, Basic principle of operation, Storage Organization, Storage Capacity, Access mechanism,
Access Time: Seek Time, Latency, Transfer Rate. Disk Formatting, Disk Drive, Disk Controller, Types of
Magnetic Disks, Hard Disks: Zip Disks, Disk Packs, Winchester Disk, Advantages and Limitations of
Magnetic Disks, Uses of Magnetic Disks. Optical Disk, Basic principle of operation, Storage organization,
Storage capacity, Access Mechanism, Access Time, Optical Disk Drive, Types of Optical Disks: CDROM, WORM Disk, Advantages and Limitations of Optical Disks, Uses of Optical Disks.
Unit- IV Computer Software
What is Software? Relationship between Hardware and Software, Types of Software: System Software,
Application Software, Functions of System Software, Type of System Software: Operating Systems,
Language Translators, Utility Programs, Communications Software. Application Software, Commonly
Used Application Softwares: Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Database, Graphics Personal Assistance,
Education, Entertainment Software. Logical System Architecture showing relationship between hardware,
system software, application software and users of a computer system. Firmware, operating system,
Different functions of operating system, Introduction to DOS and Windows, System files, booting
sequence, Internal and external commands. Batch files
References
1. Computer Concepts Basics, Dolores J Wells, Publisher: Course Technology ,Edition Number: 4 ,
ISBN: 1423904621,EAN: 9781423904625, Publish Date: 2008-12-31
2. Computer Concepts: Illustrated Brief, Dan Oja, ISBN:
0538749547, Edition: 8 ,
Publisher:Course Technology
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3. Computer Concepts And C Programming , Kumar, Udaya; Jeyapoovan; ISBN: 8125916458,
EAN: 9788125916451, Edition: Paperback, Publisher: Vikas Publishing House
4. Computer Concepts and C Programming, J B Dixit, ISBN: 8170081130 Publisher: Laxmi publications
PVT.LTD
5. Computer Concepts and C Programming, Dr S Ravishankar , Publisher: Himalaya ,Edition
Number: 2 ,EAN: CHIMPUB110247
6. Computer Concepts & C Programming, Sangameshwara Bg, SANGUINE TECHNICAL
PUBLISHERS, ISBN: 8188849308
PGDBI 2.2
Object Oriented Programming in C++ and JAVA
UNIT-1
Classes and Objects Introduction, structures and classes, declaration of classes, member functions,
defining the object of the class, accessing a member of class, array of class objects, pointer and classes,
classes with classes (Nested class). Constructors, copy constructor, default constructor, Destructors,
inline member
Functions, Friend functions, Dynamic memory allocations, this pointer. Inheritance:
Introductions, single inheritance, types of derivations, public inheritance, private
Inheritance, protected inheritance, array of class objects and single inheritance Multiple inheritance,
multilevel inheritance, hybrid inheritance.
UNIT-2
Overloading:
Function overloading, function overloading with various data types, function
Overloading with arguments, operator overloading, overloading assignment, Operator, overloading of
binary operator, overloading arithmetic operator, Overloading of comparison operator, overloading of
unary operator. Polymorphism, early binding, virtual functions, late binding, pure virtual Functions,
abstract base classes, virtual base classes.
UNIT-3
Introduction to Java and its Features: Introduction to object oriented paradigm, Concepts of ObjectOriented programming (Objects and Classes, Data abstraction and encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism, Dynamic binding). Basics of Java: Java history; Java features (Compiled and interpreted,
Platform-independent and portable, Object-Oriented, Robust and Secure, Distributed, Simple, Small and
Familiar, Multithreaded and interactive, High performance, Dynamic and extensible); How Java differs
from C and C++.
UNIT- 4
Classes ,Objects and Methods: Introduction, Defining a class, adding variables and methods, creating
objects, accessing class members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, this keyword,
finalize() and garbage collection, inheritance and abstract classes. Packages: Introduction, Java API
packages, using system packages, naming conventions, creating packages, accessing a package, using
a package, adding a class to a package
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Herbert Schildt, C++ The Complete Reference, Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
Paul S. Wang, Standard C++ with Object Oriented Programming, Thomson Learning.
E. Balagurusamy, C++, Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
B. A. Forouzon, R. F. Gilberge, Computer Science: A Structured Approach Using C++, 2/e,
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Thomson Learning.
Java2- All-in-one, Boone Barry and Stanek William, The Mcgraw-Hill Company, 2000, New Delhi
Java- How to program, Deitel and Deitel, Prentice-Hall, 2000, New Jersey.
Programming with Java- Balaguruswamy
The Complete Reference Java 2-Schildt Herbert
The java Programming Language- Arnold Ken
PGDGIS 1.3 Spatial Database Management System
Unit 1
DBMS concepts, Data types, History of SQL, Advantages of oracle, DDL, DML, TCL and DCL
commands, Query Processing and Concepts, Data Recovery, Primary and Secondary Index, Codd’s
Rules,
Unit 2
Union, Union all, Intersect, Minus, Comparison, Logical, Arithmetic. One to One, One to Many, Many to
One, Many to Many. Row level lock, Table level lock, Domain Integrity Constraints, Entity Integrity
Constraints, Referential Integrity Constraints.
Unit 3
Views, Sequences, Synonyms, Index, Group function, Single row functions, Table, query, relationship
PL/SQL commands, Triggers, Procedures, Functions, Packages, Excerption and Error Handling.
Unit 4
Physical, Human, Operating System, Network, Database.
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
P SELVA GOPAL, R K SELVA KUMAR, N V PUBLICATIONS
Henry F. Korth, Database System Concepts, Pearson Education.
Bipin C. Desai, An Introduction To Database System, Galgotia Publications,
Elemesri And S. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database System, Pearson Education.
Leon & Leon. Database Management Systems, Vikas Publications.
Michael Abbey & Michael J. Corey, Oracle A Beginners Guide, Tata McGraw Hill Publications
PGDGIS 1.4 Fundamentals of Cartography
UNIT-1
Introduction to Cartography, Definition, history nature, scope,
Maps, Definition, types & their criteria. Scales Definition, need, types, & their constructions, Co-ordinates,
Significance, types, date & time line, important parallels & meridians, Projections, Definition, significance,
characteristics, types, constructions of sample projections
UNIT-2
Surveying, Requirement, types, merits & demerits. Interpretation of statistical data, Collection of data,
sampling methods, frequency distribution, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion,
correlation & regression, and simple problems
UNIT-3
Representation of socio-economic data, Coropleth, isopleths, dot density, pictograms, pie charts, line
charts, bar charts, block pile diagram, Interpretation of topo-sheets, Toposheet indexing, physical details,
cultural details, sign & symbols used, Interpretation of weather maps, Elements of weather on map,
Interpretation of geological map, Symbols, dip, strikes,
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UNIT-4
Interpretation of topo-sheets, Topo sheet indexing, physical details, cultural details, sign & symbols used,
Interpretation of weather maps, Elements of weather on map, Interpretation of geological map, Symbols,
dip, strikes, Map compilation, Map features, enlargement & reduction, generalization. Map design &
layout considerations, symbolization of different features, lettering, importance and its types.
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Making Maps: A Visual Guide to Map Design for GIS by John Krygier and Denis Wood
Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users by Cynthia A. Brewer
Practical Geography By R L Singh
Cartographies of Disease: Maps, Mapping, and Medicine by Tom Koch
Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization, Second Edition by Terry A. Slocum, Robert
B McMaster, Fritz C. Kessler, and Hugh H. Howard
6. Basic Cartography Volume 3: For Students and Technicians (Basic Cartography) by F J Ormeling
and R W Anson
7. Mapping the World: Maps and Their History by Nathaniel Harris
8. Computer-Assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects by Mark S. Monmonier
PGDGIS 1.5 Principles of GIS
UNIT-1
Fundamentals of GIS, Definition, scope, history, importance, Components of GIS, People, data,
procedure, software, hardware, Contributing disciplines, Geography, cartography, remote sensing,
photogrammetry, surveying, geodesy, statistics, computer science, mathematics, civil engineering, etc.
UNIT-2
Spatial data models, Representation of spatial entities in computers, vector data, raster data, attribute
data, socio-economic data, advantages and disadvantages, etc, Vector data model, Elements of vector
data, arc, node, vertex, line, poly line, polygon, and chain, etc. topology of vector data, database of vector
data, etc. Raster data model, Spatial entities in raster data, topology in raster data, data compression
methods, etc, Sources of spatial data
UNIT-3
Analysis in GIS Relationship among spatial entities, Point to point, point to line, point to area, line to line,
line to area, area to area, Buffer, , clipping, transformation and its types, overlay, network, surface, DEM,
DTM, TIN, interpolation, Reclassification, thiesson polygon, convex hull, geo-referencing, queries,
Database design, creation of Geo-database.
UNIT-4
Data quality issues, Sources of errors in GIS, Managing errors.GIS standards, Need of GIS standards,
types of standards, and implementation of standards. GIS as decision support system, GIS project design
and management, implementation, Project plan, considerations, keys for successful gis, reasons for an
unsuccessful gis, required resources, etc Application of GIS, Geography, cartography, remote sensing,
Photogrammetry, surveying, civil engineering, resource management, urban planning, cadastral records,
AM/FM, geology, Environmental science ,marketing etc
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The GIS Book by George Korte
Geographical Information Systems and Computer Cartography by C. Jones
GIS fundamentals: a first text on geographic information systems. by paul v. bolstad
GIS for Everyone by David E. Davis
GIS, Spatial Analysis, and Modeling by David Maguire, Michael Batty, and Michael Goodchild
Extending ArcView GIS: with Network Analyst, Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst by Tim Ormsby
and Jonell Alvi
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7. GIS for Environmental Management by Robert Scally
8. Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop by Tim Ormsby, Eileen Napoleon, Robert Burke, and Carolyn
Groessl
9. Managing Natural Resources with GIS by Laura Lang
10. Spatial Databases: With Application to GIS by Philippe Rigaux, Michel Scholl, and Agnès Voisard
PGDGIS 2.1 Remote Sensing and Image Processing
UNIT-1
Introduction to Remote Sensing, History of Remote Sensing, Elements of Remote sensing,
Energy Source or Illumination, Radiation and the Atmosphere, Interaction with the Target, Recording of
Energy by the Sensor, Transmission, Reception, and Processing Interpretation and Analysis. Electro
Magnetic Spectrum,
UNIT-2
Image characteristics, Satellite Characteristics, Satellites in Motion, Types of sensors & uses orbit,
Sensor Characteristics, swath, path, row, Resolutions, Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, Resolutions,
Distortion in Images. GEOS, SPOT, AVHRR satellites and its characteristics.
UNIT-3
Microwave Remote Sensing, Passive Microwave sensing, Active microwave sensors, RADAR, uses of
Microwave Remote Sensing and its applications.
UNIT-4
Image Processing, Visual Interpretation- elements of visual interpretation, Digital Image Processing
Processes,- image preprocessing, image enhancement, image transformation, image classification &
analysis .Image Processing Algorithms, Algorithms Followed in Major Image Classification, Resampling
Methods. Application of remote sensing in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, Urban, Land Use Geologic
Applications.
References
1. Remote Sensing for GIS Managers by Stan Aronoff
2. Remote Sensing by Robert A. Schowengerdt
3. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation by Thomas M. Lillesand, Ralph W. Kiefer, and
Jonathan W. Chipman
4. Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An Introduction by John A. Richards and Xiuping Jia
5. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Airphoto Interpretation (5th Edition) by Thomas Eugene
Avery and Graydon Lennis L. Berlin
6. Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing by Iain H. Woodhouse
7. Manual of Remote Sensing, Remote Sensing for the Earth Sciences (Manual of Remote Sensing
- Third Edition) by Andrew N. Rencz and Robert A. Ryerson
8. Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing (Mastering GIS: Technol, Applications & Mgmnt) by
Victor Mesev
9. Fundamentals of remote sensing by Anjee reddy
10. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fourth Edition by James B. Campbell
PGDGIS 2.2 DIGITAL MAPPING
UNIT-1
Introduction to CAD, Definition scope, importance, Design Activities, Traditional Design process, CAD Vs
Traditional Design, Capabilities of CAD, Benefits of CAD, Elements of CAD, Hardware for CAD.
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UNIT-2
CAD Design Process, Engineering Analysis, Graphics in CAD line, polyline, spline, circle, polygon,
ellipse. Drawing tools in CAD, modifying tools in CAD, Dimensions in CAD.
UNIT-3
Transformation, Transformation types and its importance, 2D Transformation ,rotation, translation,
scaling, 3D Transformation, Transformation in GIS, Modeling, Types of Modeling, Geometric Modeling,
Surface Modeling, Solid Modeling,
UNIT-4
Introduction to AutoCAD Map 2009, features, Queries, Co-ordinate system. Rubber sheeting,
digitization, Error correction, Topology, Creating Topology, Topological database editing
Topology. Conversion from Polyline to polygon, export and import to other formats.
References
1. Uniform Drawing Format Manual: New CADD and Drafting Standards for Building Design and
Working Drawings by Fred A. Stitt
2. Computer-Aided Design and Drafting/Cadd by Louis Gary Lamit and Vernon Paige
3. Using Generic Cadd by Roger Blaylock
4. Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users by Cynthia A. Brewer
5. Computer-Assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects by Mark S. Monmonier
6. Practical Handbook of Digital Mapping Terms and Concepts by Sandra Arlinghaus
7. Learning AutoCAD LT for Windows 95: A CADD Desktop Tutor Interactive CD-ROM by Autodesk
Press
PGDGIS 2.3 SPATIAL ANALYSIS
UNIT-1
Analysis Meaning, definition, importance, types, Spatial and non- spatial analysis.
Basic analysis, Database operations performed on spatial or non-spatial data, data selection and query,
recalculation, Operations performed on individual spatial data layers, measurements, spatial aggregation
and generalization, moving window operation, Juxtaposition analysis, buffer zones, spatial sub setting,
operations performed using multiple data layers, geometric transformation, clipping, overlay operations ,
UNIT-2
Advanced analysis, Topographic operations elevation data, topographic representation in GIs,
topographic analysis, slope, aspect, inflection, water delineation, topographic visualization.
UNIT-3
Specialized analysis: Surface analysis, visibility, hill shed, terrain, contours cut and fill. Interpolation
techniques, Nearest Neighbourhood, Local Averaging, Inverse distance to a power, Radial bias functions,
Shepard’s Method, Kriging, Simple Contouring
UNIT-4
TIN, Thiessen polygon, convex hull, smooth shading, GIS modeling, Binary Models, Index Models,
Regression Models, Process Models
3D analysis, offsetting object in space, Introduction to
Photogrammetry,
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References
1. Practical GIS Analysis by David L. Verbyla
2. The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis Volume 1: Geographic Patterns & Relationships by Andy
Mitchell
3. GIS, Spatial Analysis, and Modeling by David Maguire
4. Getting to Know ArcView GIS by ESRI Press
5. Cartography with ArcView GIS Software by Borden D Dent
6. Digital Terrain Modelling: Development and Applications in a Policy Support Environment by
Robert Joseph Peckham and Jordan Gyozo
7. Geographic Information Analysis by David O'Sullivan and David J. Unwin
8. Statistical Analysis of Geographic Information with ArcView GIS And ArcGIS by David W. S.
Wong and Jay Lee
9. GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis by Jacek Malczewski
10. Exploring Spatial Analysis in GIS by Yue Hong Chou
PGDGIS 2.4 Project
ELECTIVE PAPER
PGDGIS –E-1 Applications of GIS
UNIT-1
Application of GIS, Geography, Geology, Civil Engineering, Life Science, Urban Planning, Environmental
Science, Network Solutions, Facility Management, Resource Mapping, Demographic Studies, Disaster
Management, Health , Watershed Delineation, Introduction to ArcGIS 9ArcGIS Desktop Software Suite,
Licenses, Applications, Basic Terms, Common GIS Data Structures, Spatial Data Types Supported by
ArcGIS, Vector Data, Raster Data, Tabular Data, Metadata, ArcCatalog, Launch ArcCatalog, Connect to
a Folder, Create a New Shapefile, Preview an Existing Shapefile,View Metadata, ArcMap, Launch
ArcMap, Add and Remove Data Layers,The Map Document (*.mxd), The ArcMap Interface, Data View
and Layout View,Coordinate Systems, Data Frame Properties: Map Units, Data Frame Properties:
Display Units, ArcToolbox
UNIT-2 Displaying and Manipulating Spatial Information
Module Objectives, Map Scale and Zoom Tips, Turning Data Layers On and Off, Ordering Data Layers in
the,Layer Properties, Set Display Units and Measure Distance on the Map Display, Display an Attribute
Table, Sort Attribute Table Records, Select Attribute Table Records, Select Features Interactively, Set
Selection Options, Set Selectable Layers, Set Interactive Selection Method, Select Individual Features
from the Map Display, Select Groups of Features from the Map Display, Use the Identify Tool to See the
Attributes of a Feature, Map Tips, Labels and Annotation, Convert Labels to Annotation, Display a Layer
Based on Categorical Attribute Data, Import an ArcView 3 Legend File (*.avl), Save a Layer File (*.lyr),
Classify a Layer Based on Two Attributes,Save a Map Document
UNIT-3 Making A Thematic Map (Layout)
Module Objectives, Map Design, Symbolizing Features, Display a Layer Based on Quantitative Attribute
Data, Label Legend Classes, Remove Symbol Outlines, Save Your Work in a New Map Document, Set a
Reference Scale for a Data Frame,Preparations for Creating a Layout, Switch to Layout View, Set the
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Layout Page Size and Orientation , The Layout Toolbar, Move and Resize a Data Frame in a
Layout,Manipulate Graphic Elements, Insert a Title, Insert a North Arrow, Insert a Scale Bar, Insert a
Legend, Insert Text, Insert a Neatline, Align Graphic Elements, Create a Map Inset, Symbolize a Map
Inset, Add a Data Frame Extent Rectangle to the Map Inset, Add Graphics to a Data Frame from the
Layout View, Print a Layout,Export a Map,Map Templates , Save a Layout as a Template ,Use an
Existing Template.
Unit-4 Selecting and Displaying Features
Module Objectives, Find Features, Select by Attributes: Simple Queries, Select by Attributes: Complex
Queries, Save and Load a Query Statement, Show and Clear Selected Records in an Attribute Table,
Select by Location, Export Selected Features,Display a Subset of Features in a Layer: Using a Definition
Query . GPS, its use and mapping of GPS data, tracking of gps data. Network data storage, accesses, &
mapping.
References
1. Spatial Analysis, GIS and Remote Sensing: Applications in the Health Sciences by Donald P.
Albert
2. Business Geography and New Real Estate Market Analysis (Spatial Information Systems) by
Grant Ian Thrall
3. Spatial Databases: With Application to GIS by Philippe Rigaux, Michel Scholl, and Agnès Voisard
4. GIS Applications in Agriculture (Gis Applications in Agriculture Series) by Francis J. Pierce and
David Clay
5. GIS Applications for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Systems by U.M. Shamsi
6. Global Mapping of Infectious Diseases: Methods, Examples and Emerging Applications by Simon
I. Hay, Alastair Graham, and David J. Rogers
PGDGIS -E-2 Aerial Photography [Elective Paper]
UNIT-1
Introduction: Definition, classification, aerial photographs; difference between a map and an aerial
photograph; making maps from air photos; air survey (photogrammetric) and ground survey; fields of
application of photogrammetry; geometry of air photos; flight planning and design and mosaic.
UNIT-2
Aerial photographic Systems (cameras):Introduction; photographic systems; sensitivity of film
emulsion; aerial cameras; panoramic cameras; single camera multi-lens-multi-bands photography;
comparison of black and white; multiband and MSS imagery; comparison of colour; IR and panchromatic
films; advantages and disadvantages ; and camera calibration .
UNIT-3
Stereoscopy: Introduction; mono-vision; binocular vision; stereoscopes; stereoscopic view and its
exaggeration.
UNIT-4
Image interpretation: Interpretation of aerial photos; general procedures for photo interpretation; three
dimensional image interpretations- (qualitative) methods; grey tone criteria; associated phenomenon as
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criteria; evaluation of various criteria; resolution; spectral response; application of aerial photo
interpretation; interpretation of satellite imagery; quantitative interpretation.
References
1. Rampal , K K 1999: Handbook of Aerial photography and Interpretation, Concept,new Delhi.
2. Ghosh,Sanjib K , 2005: Fundamentals of Computational Photogrammetry, Concept, New
Delhi.
3. Ghosh, Sanjib K. 2006: Photogrammetry Apllied to Electron Micrography, Concept, New
Delhi.
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