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Lecture 11: Whole Muscle Behavior Reading: M/O 10 What is muscle strength? 54. Explain the anatomical basis of muscle strength. Why do muscles get bigger when you work out? 55. Explain the reasons why muscles increase in size after a period of lifting weights. Why are muscles weaker when they are over-stretched or over-contracted? 56. Interpret a graph of the length-tension relationship and discuss the anatomical basis for that relationship. Why did ladies in the 50’s wear high-heel bedroom slippers? 57. Describe the anatomical changes that take place when a muscle is chronically contracted. Why are some folks better long distance runners, while others are better sprinters? 58. List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow and intermediate muscle fibers. How can one muscle lift both heavy and light things? 59. Define the term motor unit. Why do we play the piano with our hands and not our feet? 60. Define the term motor unit. Why are your muscles sometimes sore after working out? 61. Describe the anatomical basis of delayed onset muscle soreness. Bio 6: Human Anatomy 62 Fall 2013: Riggs Lab 11: Superior Limb Musculature Reading: M/O Ch 12 Muscles that move the pectoral girdle Origin Insertion Major Action Other comments Insertion Major Action Other comments Major Action Other comments Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Trapezius Rhomboids Muscles that move the arm Origin Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Deltoideus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres major Teres minor Muscles that move the forearm: Flexor surface Origin Insertion Biceps brachii- Long head Biceps brachii- Short head Brachialis Brachioradialis Bio 6: Human Anatomy 63 Fall 2013: Riggs Muscles that move the forearm: Extensor surface Origin Insertion Major Action Other comments Triceps brachii Triceps brachii- long head Triceps brachii- medial head Triceps brachii- lateral head Muscles that move the hands and fingers: Flexor surface Origin Insertion Major Action Other comments Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexors digitorum (known as a group only) Muscles that move the hands and fingers: Extensor surface Origin Insertion Major Action Other comments Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis Extensors digitorum (known as a group only) Intrinsic muscles of the hand (known as a group only) Bio 6: Human Anatomy 64 Fall 2013: Riggs External Brain 11: Upper Limb Muscles 54. Explain the anatomical basis of muscle strength. 55. Explain the reasons why muscles increase in size after a period of lifting weights. 56. Interpret a graph of the length-tension relationship and discuss the anatomical basis for that relationship. 57. Describe the anatomical changes that take place when a muscle is chronically contracted. 58. List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow and intermediate muscle fibers. 59. Define the term motor unit. 60. Define the term motor unit. 61. Describe the anatomical basis of delayed onset muscle soreness. Your Task 1. Which of these arise from the throacic wall? 2. Which of these arise from the scapula? 3. Which of these belongs to the rotator cuff? 4. Which two of these define the axilla? 5. Which of these makes up the contour of the shoulder? 6. Which of these is responsible for “marine corps posture”? 7. What are the differences between extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand? 8. Which muscles, acting together, produce “ulnar deviation”? “Radial deviation”? 9. Which of these muscles is an important antagonist of a major action of the biceps brachii? 10. How do the actions of the biceps and brachialis differ? Why? 11. Which of these muscles crosses two joints? How does this affect their major actions? Bio 6: Human Anatomy 65 Fall 2013: Riggs