Download What is an Optical Internet?

CANARIE Inc
“Canada’s National Optical Internet”
September 1998
http://www.canet2.net
[email protected]
http://www.canarie.ca
Tel: +1.450.671.8539
CA*net 3
 World’s first national optical Internet
 First Internet network built from the ground up to support
Internet first, voice second
 All existing Internet networks are built on technology originally
designed for voice - e.g. SDH/SONET & ATM
 Consortium members include
 Nortel, Newbridge, Cambrian, CISCO, Bell, etc
 Key features:
 use of individual DWDM wavelengths directly coupled to routers
 Use intrinsic self healing capabilities of Internet and eliminate
SDH/SONET and ATM layers
 MPLS for layer 3 restoral, protection and traffic engineering
National Optical Network
CA*net 3
GigaPOP
RAN
WURCnet
OC3
SRnet
MRnet
DS3
OC12
ACORN
BCnet
OC3
Calgary
Regina
RISQ
Winnipeg
ONet
OC48
OC12
Montreal
Ottawa
Vancouver
STAR TAP
Chicago
Toronto
St. John’s
Charlottetown
Fredericton
Teleglobe
Halifax
What is an Optical Internet?
 WDM fibers where individual wavelengths are the link layer
interconnect directly connected to routers via Optical ADM
(Add Drop Mux) or WDM coupler
 High Performance Router acts as the main switching routing
device
 Bypass or cut-thru connections via dedicated wavelengths
 SONET or Gigabit Ethernet framing (also 10xGbE)
 Use intrinsic self healing nature of Internet for redundancy and
protection (don’t require SONET/SDH layer)
 Traffic engineering and network management done via MPLS
 Network design optimized for unique characteristics of Internet
traffic
Why build an Optical Internet?
 Dramatic growth in IP traffic
 ISPs are already starting to deploy OC-48 IP networks
 Customers are starting to order OC-12 IP local loops
 How soon before we need OC-192 or OC-768 IP??
 Future trends indicate IP growth will continue
 IP telephony could be very, very big
 New Internet 2 and CA*net 2 applications
 Internet characteristics significantly different than traditional
telecommunications traffic
 If IP is the dominant traffic then optimize network design for IP
 CA*net 3 will be world’s first network designed from the
ground up to carry first and foremost, Internet traffic
Relative Load
Traffic Growth
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Data is 23x
Voice Traffic
Data
Data is 5x
Voice Traffic
Voice
1990
Source:Lightwave April 1998
1995
2000
Year
2005
The real driver for Optical Internet
 Traditional OC-48 SDH/SONET network costs about $US 4000
- $5000 km per year
 before overhead, engineering and maintenance
 20 year amortization on fiber and installation
 5 year amortization on optical amps, regen, SONET Mux, etc
 Optical Internet with today’s technology costs about $US 500$750 per kilometer per year
 With low cost regen (e.g.10xGbE), low dispersion fiber, and
long range optical amplifiers optical Internet will cost $US 100
- $200 per km per year
 Optical Internet also has significantly less overhead,
engineering and maintenance costs.
 see Engineering paper http://www.canet2.net for financial analysis
Opportunity for Canada
 World leader in SONET/optical networking - JDS Fitel,
Nortel, Cambrian, Positron Fiber Systems, CISCO Canada,
PMC Sierra, QNX
 Over 75% of the world’s Internet traffic is carried on
equipment made in Canada




CISCO GSR12000 SONET I/F made in Ontario -95% market
Nortel Optical Transport made in Montreal - 75% market
Newbridge ATM switches made in Ottawa - 50% market
JDS Fitel optical components made in Ottawa -85% market
 Possibility of leveraging our technology and leadership to
increase export opportunities and job growth in this area
 A network for basic research unparalleled anywhere in the
world
Acceptable Use Policy
 Same AUP as CA*net 2
 Any Canadian organization that is doing high performance
meritorious research or applications development that cannot be
carried out on the commercial Internet
 CA*net 3 will only interconnect GigaPOPs
 One GigaPOP per province plus Ottawa - others may be added
 GigaPOPs interconnect to regional high speed networks
 Same Tier A/B/C policy as C2
 Allows CA*net 3 to peer with similar international research
networks like Abilene, vBNS, etc
 All institutions must maintain separate commercial Internet
connection
National IP/WDM Network
Edmonton
Additional OC-192 WDM Routes for future use
Saskatoon
4/BLSR
Winnipeg
Calgary
Ottawa
Regina
Montreal
4/BLSR
Vancouver
Charlettown
St. John’s
4/BLSR
Fredericton
- CANARIE Drop Site
Chicago
8 Wavelengths per route
4 reserved for traditional SONET 4/BLSR
by carrier
Teleglobe
Toronto
Halifax
CANARIE OC-192 Route
CANARIE OC-48 Route
Optical Internet Architecture
Both sides of 4/BLSR 1:1 span
ring used for IP traffic
Traditional SONET
Mux or DCS
Traditional SONET
Mux or DCS
WDM
WDM
3 0C-48 Tx
2 OC-48 Rx
Asymmetric
Tx/Rx lambdas
that can be
dynamically
altered
Traditional SONET Restoral
Low priority traffic
that can be buffered
or have packet loss
in case of fiber cut
High Priority
Traffic
Cannot exceed
50% of bandwidth
in case of fiber cut
Layer 3 Restoral
 IP network is intrinsically self healing via routing protocols
 By cranking down timers on interface cards and keep alive message
time-out we can achieve same restoral speed as SONET
 Biggest delay is re-calculation and announcement of changes in
routing tables across the network
 MPLS promises to simply the problem
 maintain a set of attributes for restoral and optimization
 may provide a consistent management interface over all transport services WDM, SONET/SDH, ATM, Frame Relay, etc
 Layer 3 restoral allows for more intelligent restoral




can use a hybrid mix of restoral and protection circuits
Can use QoS to prioritize customers and services
Only UDP packets (e.g telephony) require fast restoral
allows simultaneous use of both working and protection circuits
Regional Optical Network
Central Office
To Commercial Internet
Dual Redundant
Paths - can be switch
protected or dual path
To CA*net 3
Packet over
SONET
ATM
OADM
University B
ATM
GigaBit Ethernet
OADM
OXC?
Local WDM Fiber
Ring Provided by
Cable Company or
Telco
Ethernet
University A
Router
OADM
Reuse of same
wavelength
Analog
Video
OADM
GigaPOP
Router
Example Physical Layer
Research
Institute A
CA*net 2
DWDM
Research
Institute B
Telco
CA*net 3
ATM
CSI Route
Policy Server
ATM
Wireless
RAN
ATM
Community
College
DWDM
University A
Distributed Municipal GigaPOP
University B
Wireless
Example IP Layer
AS ##1
AS ##2
CA*net 2
Institutional
GigaPOP
Regional
GigaPOP
Telco
CA*net 3
PNNI
X.x.x.x/
iBGP
CSI Route
Policy Server
X.x.x.x/
iBGP
RAN
X.x.x.x/
eBGP
OSPF
Wireless
OSPF
University B
OSPF
X.x.x.x/
X.x.x.x/
Intermediate Cache
Community
College
X.x.x.x/
University A
Wireless
High School
or CAP site
BGP Confederation ###
AS ##3
Distributed GigaPOP
Daughter Cache
x.x.x.x/
Optical Internet Exchange
ISP B
Web Server
Packet over
SONET
OADM
ISP C
Ethernet
ATM
OADM
OADM
OADM
Small ISPs
Common Internet
Exchange Router
ISP A
Optical Internet Exchange
Logical Diagram
ISP B
Web Farm
ISP C
ISP A
Common Internet
Exchange Router
Small ISPs
Gigabit Ethernet Framing
 Gigabit Ethernet Framing advantages
 frame size = packet size therefore packet switching and SAR more
efficient and easier to implement
 data format consistent with LAN format with no translation
 low cost tributary service - do not need to terminate link on a router or
SONET DCS equipment
 new 10xGigabit Ethernet will equal OC-192
 standard SNMP MIBs, but not accessible by out of band
 interoperable standard from many vendors
 No scrambling sync or packet loss
 Gigabit Ethernet Framing disadvantages
 not very efficient with 8B/10B block coding
 new 10xGigabit Ethernet may use more efficient coding
 No standard out of band management or monitoring
 But some WDM suppliers provide this
SONET Framing
 SONET framing advantages




well established jitter specifications
out of band management systems
can be used in SONET networks for fast restoral and protection
very high efficiency - over 98%
 SONET framing disadvantages
 no interoperable standard
 SAR processing more complex as there can be multiple packets per
frame, or packets can cross frame boundaries
 tributary services require SONET mux services
 no well established carrier network management protocols for fault
detection and location, especially on long haul when SONET used in
independent links
Future Optical Internet
Integrated Transport Services
Different Protocol Stacks Integrated
to provide different size bandwidth
pipes and CoS
ATM/IP Network
IP SONET Network
ADM
ADM
IP/ATM Network
OXC
IP SONET Network
HDWDM
OC-3084
ADM
OXC
ADM
OXC
OADM
OADM
IP Optical Network
IP over ATM
QoS & VPNs up to OC3
IP Sonet
OC3, OC12, OC48
IP Optical
Greater than OC-48
Future Optical Internet
MPLS as common management layer
ATM VCs
ATM VCs
SONET LSP
SONET LSP
DWDM LSP
IP over ATM
QoS & VPNs up to OC3
IP Sonet
OC3, OC12
IP Optical
OC-48, OC-192