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Proloquo2Go 4.0 – How do I find the words? Introduction Proloquo2Go 4.0’s Crescendo™ vocabulary gives you easy access to core words – those words that account for about 80% of what we say or write every day. The goal of Crescendo is to allow you to say as much as possible while remaining on the Home page. We do this by putting on the Home pages of the Intermediate and Advanced Core vocabulary levels as many of the most frequently used and powerful words that will fit at each grid size. However, you will need to leave the Home page in many cases to retrieve words from other folders. How will you know where to look for the words you need? This paper will give you some clues. Know that with practice it will start to feel easier to locate the vocabulary you want. It is also possible to add or move words to different folders where it feels more natural or intuitive for you to find them. Optimized for multiple grid sizes Crescendo comes in 23 different grid sizes, from 3x3 to 12x12 (portrait orientation) and 3x5 to 9x16 (landscape orientation). For each grid size, the Home page of the vocabulary has as many of the core words that can fit. The decision of which core words to put on the Home page is made based on how often the words are used in conversation. A second consideration is how easily the words can combine with other words to form sentences that express different meanings. New words appear on the Home page at each step up in grid size based on how frequently they are used and how useful they are for communication. In the figure on the next page you see the Home pages for 4x4, 6x6, and 10x10. Notice that at 4x4, vocabulary on the Home page is very limited, but it contains very general and powerful frequently used words like “do” and “want”. In 6x6, you see the same words you had in 4x4, and they’re joined by other words that are the next-most frequently used words. In 10x10, you have room for lots of core words, including ones that are a little more specific, like “say” and “tell”, “see” and “look”, and “think” and “know”. Find your fringe The Home page also contains folders for you to reach fringe words. Fringe words are used less frequently than core words, but are still very useful for specific and personalized communication. Nouns (person, place, or thing) are always fringe words, as are many verbs (action words), adjectives and adverbs (describing words). For example, “get” is a core word, while “obtain”, “buy”, “grab”, and “purchase” are fringe words. “Get” is a powerful word that can stand in for “obtain”, “buy”, “grab”, and “purchase”, but there are times when it is useful to be able to use the more specific words. Be sure to look at the Secondary level of the Home page (also shown in Figure 1), which you can reach by the More button in the bottom right corner of the page. For smaller grid sizes, some of the less frequently used categories can be found on the Secondary level. As the grid size increases, more and more of the fringe folders will be able to fit on the Primary level of the Home page. Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 1/12 4x4 Home Page, Primary 4x4 Home Page, Secondary 6x6 Home Page, Primary 6x6 Home Page, Secondary 10x10 Home Page, Primary 10x10 Home Page, Secondary Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 2/12 Nouns - People, Places, and Things Nouns are organized in folders by category, and you can find buttons to navigate to these categories on the Home page. On each of these fringe pages you will also find core words that are useful for making sentences when talking about these categories. For example, on the food pages, you’ll find words like “want”, “eat”, and “drink”. Note that larger categories such as Food, People, Places, Things, Fun, or Sports have folders of subcategories to make it easier to narrow down your search. You may need to go to the Secondary level of a folder to see some of the less frequently used subcategories. Some folders, like Fun, Food, Places, People, Actions, and Describing Words may have frequently used words on the Primary level and folders for subcategories in the Secondary level. You can always customize your vocabulary by moving subcategories around to make it easier to find ones that are personal favorites. Also note that for larger grid sizes, sometimes subcategories are directly accessible from the Home page. For example, for grid size 8x14 and up, Family and Friends folders are on the Home page so you don’t have to go through People to get to them. 6x6 Things, Primary 6x6 Things, Secondary 6x6 Fun, Primary 6x6 Fun, Secondary Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 3/12 Noun Categories • People • Family • Friends • Teachers • Jobs • TV-Movie people • Characters • Health care • Jobs • Music people • Sports people • News people • Historical people • Authors • Places • Building parts • Community places • Famous places • Home places • Outdoor places • Restaurants • School places • Stores • Work • Special events Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® • Things • Body parts • Clothing • Personal care • Furniture • Appliances • Animals • Art supplies • Office and school supplies • Vehicles • Events • Computers • Electronics • Nature • Adaptive equipment • Cleaning • DVDs • Games • Holiday things • Household • Leisure activities • Medical • Money • Music • Parts of buildings • Reading • Sports • Thinking things • Tools • Toys • Spring things • Summer things • Fall things • Winter things • Food • Breakfast • Lunch • Snacks • Dinner • Drinks • Desserts • Fruits • Vegetables • Candy • Eating utensils • Cooking utensils • Ingredients • Condiments • Meats • Side dishes Time • • Days of the week • Months • Holidays • Special events • Times of day • Seasons • Fun • Computers • DVDs • Electronics • Leisure • Music • Games • Reading • Shows • Sports • Toys • TV Page 4/12 Verbs - Action words Verbs are action words like “run”, “walk”, “sit”. Many action words are less active – “like”, “see”, “have”, “know”. Action words are very frequently used and very powerful in English, so we’ve tried to have as many as possible on the Home page. Verbs can also be very hard to categorize in a way that makes it easy to find. For this reason we’ve taken a bit of a different strategy with the Actions fringe page than we have with fringe pages for most noun categories. If you’ve chosen Intermediate Core as your vocabulary level, you will see that the Actions fringe page has a number of useful verbs on it that you can find without having to go into a subcategory. You’ll see different words depending on the grid size you’ve chosen. As with the Home page, we’ve chosen verbs that are the most frequently used and most powerful, and we show as many as we can fit at each grid size. Often these are verbs that will show up on the Home page at larger grid sizes, but at the current grid size there is not room for them on the Home page. For example, at 4x4, the verb “get” doesn’t appear on the Home page due to lack of space. It does appear on the primary level of the Action words page, because it is a highly useful word. At 6x6, there is room for “get” on the Home page. This means there is no need to put “get” on the Actions words page, as you can easily find the word on the Home page. This gives more room on the Action words page for other useful verbs that don’t appear on the Home page at 6x6. 6x6 Home, Actions Primary, and Actions Secondary There are many more useful verbs than there is room on the Action page to display them. These verbs are organized in subcategories. Some of these subcategories are relatively easy to understand (like “Sensing” and “Feeling”) while others are more abstract (like “Thinking” or “Telling”). For some verbs it was hard to identify a single subcategory that the verb logically belonged in, so some verbs are in two subcategories. For Intermediate Core, if you don’t see these subcategory folders when you go to the Actions folder, tap the More button to go to the secondary level of the folder. If you’ve chosen Advanced Core for your vocabulary level, you won’t see any verb buttons when you open the Action words folder - instead, you’ll see only the subcategory folders. You’ll need to do one extra layer of navigating to get to the verb you want. Ad Here are the verb categories, with examples: • Helper: Auxiliary verbs – can, will, would, might, may • Thinking: actions that happen in your head – think, believe, know, guess, hope, learn, remember • Feeling: actions that involve your emotions – care, fight, laugh, kiss, win Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 5/12 • Sensing: actions that involve the five senses – look, smell, taste, touch, hear • Telling: actions that involve giving or getting information to others – ask, call, sing, tease, teach, whisper, talk • Things: actions that you do to things – clean, open, pull, move, throw, use • Body: actions that a body does, or that you do to a body – eat, hit, sleep, wait, touch • Having: actions that involve possession – belong, get, have, keep, share, buy • Making: actions that involve creating – change, cook, build, fix, play, work, finish, draw • Place: actions that involve locations – go, drive, find, follow, stay, visit • A-Z: 26 folders will all the verbs organized alphabetically Below is a list of the verbs we’ve chosen for the Home page and top level of the Action words for Intermediate core, from most frequently used to least frequently used. Intermediate Core Verbs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • want go do is like stop have help see get can come eat need open put make turn know play take • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • don’t find give say think change work could tell will would call look love drink use show sit start try watch Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • carry fall leave let’s listen move should hear keep pick remember talk wait wash close hold push stay buy catch cut • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • guess run stand walk ask decide drive fly grow live ride throw care read wear write taste let feel meet Page 6/12 Adjectives and Adverbs - Describing words Adjectives describe things (e.g. “blue”, “pretty”, “little”) and adverbs describe actions or other adjectives (e.g. “quickly”, “very”, “too”). Like verbs, adjectives can also be very hard to categorize in a way that makes them easy to find. For this reason we’ve used the same strategy in organizing the Describing words fringe page as we have with the Action words folder. If you’ve chosen Intermediate Core as your vocabulary level, you will see that the Describing fringe page has a number of useful adjectives and adverbs on it that you can use without having to go into a sub-category. You’ll see different words depending on the grid size you’ve chosen. As with the Home page, we’ve chosen adjectives that are the most frequently used and most powerful and we show as many as we can fit at each grid size. Often these are adjectives that will show up on the Home page at larger grid sizes, but at the current grid size there is not room for them on the Home page. For example, at 5x5, the adjective “good” doesn’t appear on the Home page due to lack of space. It does appear on the primary level of the Describing words page, because it is a highly useful word. At 6x5, there is room for “good” on the Home page. This means there is no need to put “good” on the Describing words page, as you can easily use the word on the Home page. This gives more room on the Describing words page for other useful adjectives that don’t appear on the Home page. 5x5 Home, Describing Words Primary, and Describing Words Secondary There are many more adjectives and adverbs than there is room on the Describing words page to display them. These adjectives and adverbs are organized in subcategories. Some of these subcategories are relatively easy to understand (like “Looks like” and “Feelings”) while others are more abstract (like “Thinking” or “Opposites”). For some adjectives and adverbs it was hard to identify a single subcategory that the word logically belonged in, so some words are in two subcategories. For Intermediate Core, if you don’t see these subcategory folders when you go to the Describing words folder, tap the More button to go to the secondary level of the folder. If you’ve chosen Advanced Core for your vocabulary level, you won’t see any adjective or adverb buttons when you open the Describing words folder - instead, you’ll see only the subcategory folders. You’ll need to do one extra layer of navigating to get to the word you want. Here are the Describing word categories, with examples: • • • • Positive: general positive attributes – good, nice, favorite, fun, wonderful Negative: general negative attributes – bad, mean, lame, strange, wrong Looks like: describes what you see – pretty, neat, crooked, bright, shiny Sounds like: describes what you hear – loud, quiet, high, low, noisy Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 7/12 • Smells like: describes what you smell – stinky, smelly • Tastes like: describes what you taste – delicious, yummy, yucky, salty, spicy • Feels like: describes what you notice with your sense of touch – rough, smooth, bumpy, sticky, sharp, soft, wet • Size and speed: big, little, fast, slow, short, tall, fat, thin • How much / How many: describing quantity – full, almost, far, again, none, enough • Opposites: a catch-all category with words – same, different, hard, easy, broken, fixed, old, new • Shopping: cheap, fit, rich, free, sizes • Weather: adjectives, and some nouns and verbs to describe and talk about the weather • Abstract: more advanced describing words – famous, alive, true, independent • Colors • Shapes • A-Z: 26 folders will all the adjectives and adverbs organized alphabetically Below is a list of the adjectives and adverbs we’ve chosen for the Home page and top level of the Describing words for Intermediate core, from most frequently used to least frequently used. Intermediate Core Describing Words • • • • • • • • • • • • • • not more all done good fun big different all now new long full first less • • • • • • • • • • • • • • hot very happy nice pretty clean dry hungry ready a little quick bad little some • • • • • • • • • • • • • • really high last old other right too much enough just again favorite one too afraid • • • • • • • • • • • hard hurt mad sorry tired far ugly mean same most least Little Words “Little Words” is an informal term which refers to those very frequently used words that are needed to make grammatical sentences, but which don’t have much meaning by themselves. Traditionally “Little Words” includes words like “to”, “the”, “a”, “and”, “that”, “here”, “of”, “for”, “with”, “in”, “off”, “can”, will”. In formal grammatical terms, Little Words are often categorized as prepositions, articles, demonstrative pronouns, auxiliary verbs, or conjunctions. However, most people find it hard to classify these words in these abstract categories, so it can be difficult for AAC users and those working with them to find these words if they’re stored in folders labeled with these formal grammatical names. The approach we’ve taken with Crescendo is that when useful Little Words won’t fit on the Home page, we put them in a folder named “Little Words”. We may also put the words in a folder with their grammatical category, so if you know a word is a conjunction, auxiliary verb, or preposition, you can find it there. But most of the time you can go right to Little Words to find any little grammatical word that isn’t on the Home page. Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 8/12 As with Action words and Describing words, we try to keep the most useful Little Words on the Home page as grid space allows. Once the grid size is big enough to contain a Little Word, that Little Word will no longer appear in the Little Words folder. Instead, the space is used for other Little Words that may be useful. Below is a list of the Little Words we’ve chosen for the Home page and the Little Words folder, from most frequently used to least frequently used. Core Little Words • • • • • • • • • • can to all that on some in out and for • • • • • • • • • • here up of don’t this there off with the a Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® • • • • • • • • • • down will from about away at or can’t won’t doesn’t • • • • • • • • didn’t those these but so if then as Page 9/12 Prepositions - Where words Prepositions usually tell you where something is in space or time. Some common prepositions are “in”, “off”, “up”, “under”, “by”, “with”. Other prepositions are harder to classify as describing the “where” of something. For example, when we say “this is for you”, “for” is a preposition, but what position does it describe? For this reason, we put many commonly used prepositions in both the Little Words and Where folders. That way, you have a better chance of finding the word even if you don’t know it’s a preposition. Prepositions that already appear on the Home page for the current grid size will not appear in the Where? or Little Words folder for that grid size. Below is a list of the prepositions we’ve chosen for the Home page and the Where folder, from most frequently used to least frequently used. Core Prepositions • • • • • • on in to up out of • • • • • • for here there off down with • • • • • • about from at over under away • • • • before after next by Conjunctions Conjunctions are words that link together other words or phrases to form longer sentences. Examples include “and”, “or”, “but”, “so”, “as”, “if”, “until”. You can find these words in the Conjunctions folder. Conjunctions that already appear on the Home page for the current grid size will not appear in the Conjunctions folder for that grid size. Below is a list of the conjunctions we’ve chosen for the Home page and the Conjunctions folder, from most frequently used to least frequently used. Core Conjunctions • • • • and but because if • • • • or so then as • • • • else so as since • until • while • either Questions In Crescendo, the Question Words folder contains three kinds of buttons: • Question words (what, where, who, how, why, which) • Frequently used questions and question starters (What’s next, What’s that, What time is it) • Forms of “Do” for starting questions like “Doesn’t it look like rain?” “Did he want a cookie?” Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 10/12 Question words that already appear on the Home page for the current grid size will not appear in the Questions folder for that grid size. 8x8 Questions Popup Which Words These words are articles, pronouns, and adverbs that narrow down “which” thing or person you’re talking about. Examples include “the”, “a”, “that”, “all”, “anybody”, “everything”, “nowhere”. You can find these words in the “Which?” folder. Which words that already appear on the Home page for the current grid size will not appear in the Which folder for that grid size. Core Which Words • • • • • • the a this that it all • • • • • • some somebody something somewhere every everybody • • • • • • everything everywhere any anybody anything anywhere • none • nobody • nothing Practice Sentences Here are some sentences you can use to practice finding words in Crescendo. You can try the sentences with a variety of grid sizes, using the Intermediate Core vocabulary level. Start each sentence on the Home page. You’ll notice that the larger the grid size, the less navigating you’ll need to do to find the words. You’ll find some hints in italics under some of the sentences. • I want to go there. If “to” isn’t on the Home page, you can tap and hold “go” to get the infinitive “to go”. • Could you come here now? If the grid size is too small to have these words on the Home page, here’s where to look: • could - Actions • come - Actions • here - Where? • now - Time Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 11/12 • What is that? If the grid size is too small to have these words on the Home page, here’s where to look: • is - Actions • that - Little Words or Which? • Final “?” can be found in Questions • I want to go with them. • If “with” isn’t on the Home page, look in Little Words • them - tap and hold “they” to get them. If “they” isn’t on the home page, go to People. If it’s not on the main People page, go to Pronouns popup. • I wouldn’t do that until later. • If “would” is on the Home page or the Actions page, you can get “wouldn’t” by tapping and holding “would”. You can also get “wouldn’t do” by tapping and holding “do”, tapping “not” and going to Present. • until is in Conjunctions • If “later” is not on the Home page, go to Time and tap and hold “late”. • That is just wrong. • just - from grid size 7x7 and up can be found on every adjective page as it’s on the adjective template • wrong - Describing Words > Negative or Chat > Negative Comments • that - Home page, Little Words, or Which? • I would like something else. • If “would” isn’t on the Home page, tap and hold “like” and go to Present to find “would like”. • If “some” is on the Home page, tap and hold to get something. If “some” is not on the home page, go to Which? for something. • else - Conjunctions • I would like something different. If different isn’t on the Home page, go to Describing Words > Opposites • I believe in you. • believe - Actions > Thinking Verbs • He hurt my feelings. • he - depending on grid size, can be found on: • Home page • People • People > Pronouns popup • hurt can be found in multiple places: • Help > My Body • Describing Words > Feelings • Actions > Feeling Verbs • my - tap and hold “I” to get my • feelings - Describing Words > Feelings, tap and hold “feeling” to get feelings • Where was it when you saw it last? • where and when - if not on the Home page, go to Questions • was - tap and hold “is”, tap he / she / it • saw - if “see” is not on the Home page, got to Actions. If it’s not on the first page, go to Sensing Verbs. Tap and hold “see” to get saw • last - Time > Order words popup • ? - Questions Proloquo2Go® Tutorial © 2015 AssistiveWare® Page 12/12