Download ppt

Petrology
Spring 2012
Please grab a syllabus
Introductions
Instructor: Dr Jasper Konter
Office: GEOL 404a
Office hours: TBA, or by appointment
Phone: x5507
Email: [email protected] *
*Note: Email is the best way to contact me and should provide the most timely respons
Course Details
When: MW 8.30-9.20 am
Where: GEOL. 320
Course Ref. Number: 23432
Prerequisites: At least an introductory Geology class
Laboratory: The required lab sections of this class are
scheduled
for M 9.30-12.20
W 11.30-2.20 or 2.30-5.30
Monday 3.00-5.50 will be canceled
UTEP requires ~10 per lab, so one of the Wed labs will be
canceled
TA: Valerie Finlayson, Lauren Storm
Field: see lab schedule…Bring boots, notebook,
handlens, hat, etc
Course Topics
Topics for the course:
-Placing rocks in tectonic/planetary context
-Making igneous rocks
-Magmas
-Stable minerals and assemblages
-Chemical petrology (geochemistry)
-Making metamorphic rocks
-Metamorphic textures
-Metamorphic reactions
Course textbook
Title: Principles of Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology
Authors: John Winter
Publisher: 2010 edition (2001).
ISBN 0321592573
How will we use it?
•
Backup reference to lecture material (assigned
reading)
•
Preparation for midterm
NOTE: there may also be some scientific journal articles as
part of the reading material
Course Website
•
Website address:
http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/jasper/petrology
•
What will be on it:
•
Course syllabus & information
•
Lecture schedule & assigned reading
•
Lecture “ blank notes”
•
Lab report due dates
•
Movies/animations shown in class
•
Class updates/announcements
Blank Notes
• Available at course website
(by noon at the latest)
• Contain slide images only
(no text)
• Sometimes lengthy text notes
will be provided
= notes
provided
Attendance & Etiquette
•
•
No official attendance taken, but…….
•
Some lecture material not in textbook
•
Question of the day
Class etiquette:
•
CELL PHONES OFF
•
Please arrive on time (8.30 am)
= I will end class on time
•
Ask questions!
Grading Policy
•
Course components:
Question of the Day
Mid-Term Exam 1
Mid-Term Exam 2
Final Exam
Laboratory
•
7%
20%
20%
20%
33%
Letter grade breakdown: A = 90%+; B = 80 – 89%;
C = 70 – 79%; D = 60 – 69%;
F = < 60
Question of the day
•
We will set up a schedule where one student will pose a
question to the class about one of the main topics from the
last lecture. Rest of the class will turn in their answer, after
which the student asking the question will explain the
answer
•
Correct answer = 1 point; Incorrect answer = 0 points
•
Questions will count 7% toward your total grade
•
EXTRA CREDIT: By answering all Qs correctly over the
entire semester, you can earn up to 3% extra credit
Homework
•
Regular homework will NOT be assigned, HOWEVER:
•
Reports on the labs will have to be turned in for a grade
•
NO late reports will be accepted…
•
Format: Type it or write neatly, and use proper grammar & punc.
•
Working together: Encouraged, however you must turn in your
own assignment, using your own words. Any student who fails
to follow this rule will receive zero credit for the question, and if
the offense is severe, for the assignment.
•
Free lab pass: Your lowest lab score will be dropped assuming
you turn them all in. If you miss a lab for any reason, that counts
as a “0” and that will be the lab that is dropped.
Exams
•
•
Two midterm exams
Final
•
Make-up/early midterm:
• Will not be given except for an excused illness
(doctor’s
note required) or family emergency
• Anyone with conflicts due to extracurricular activities
must provide at least 2 weeks notice with appropriate
signed paperwork
Make-up exam will be substantially more difficult than
the exam given to the rest of the class.
• Special Needs?
 Contact Disabled Student Services
Tentative
schedule
Questions ?
Petrology studies rocks and their formation
Volcanism
Rocks of all kinds at
Surface (aka rock cycle)
Weathering –
gain H2O here
Erosion
Igneous
Rocks
Deposition
Melting
Metamorphic
Rocks
H2O
loss
Sedimentary
Rocks
Deeper Burial
High pressures and Temp
Cementation
Igneous rocks and their formation
Near or on
Earth’s Surface
Cools quickly
Shallow
Volcanic Rock
Lava
DIFFERENT
CONDITIONS AND
THEIR
CONSEQUENCES
Plutonic Rock
Deep
Magma
Crystallizes at
Depth. Cools
slowly
The Earth’s Interior: where the rocks are made
Crust:
Oceanic crust
Thin: 10 km
Relatively uniform stratigraphy = ophiolite suite:





Sediments
pillow basalt
sheeted dikes
more massive gabbro
ultramafic (mantle)
Continental Crust
Thicker: 20-90 km average ~35 km
Highly variable composition
 Average ~ granodiorite
The Earth’s Interior
Crust
Upper Mantle
Transition Zone
Mantle
Mantle:
Depth (km)
60
220
410
660
Lower
Mantle
Peridotite (ultramafic)
Upper to 410 km (olivine  spinel)
 Low Velocity Layer 60-220 km
2898
Outer
Core
Transition Zone as vel. incr. ~ rapidly
 660 spinel  perovskite-type

SiIV  SiVI
Lower Mantle has more gradual
velocity increase
(liquid)
Core
5145
Inner
Core
(solid)
6370
Crust
Depth (km)
Upper Mantle
The Earth’s Interior
Transition Zone
Mantle
60
220
410
660
Lower
Mantle
Core:
Fe-Ni metallic alloy
2898
Outer
Core
Outer Core is liquid

(liquid)
No S-waves
Inner Core is solid
Core
5145
Inner
Core
(solid)
6370
Crust
Velocity (km/sec)
0
5
10
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
1000
Mantle
S waves
Mesosphere
2000
P waves
3000
Depth (km)
Outer
Core
4000
Liquid
5000
Inner
Core
S waves
6000
Solid
Si
14.4%
Al Ca
S
3.0% 1.4% 1.0%
O
50.7%
Fe
15.2%
Mg
15.3%