Download The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System
The Roles of Integumentary System
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Protect the body from pathogens
Absorb impact
Protect inner cells from UV light
Control the body temperature
Excrete wastes of the body
Sensation of pressure, pain, touch, and
temperature
• Produce vitamin D
The Parts of The System
The integumentary system consists of
three parts:
• Epidermis –the outermost layer
• Dermis –the middle layer
• Hypodermis –the innermost layer
The Epidermis
 Strucure
1. No blood vessels –gain
nutrients indirectly
through dermis
2. Keratinocytes –constitute
95% of epidermis. Produce
keratin protein
3. Keratin –a hard, tough,
water-proving protein
consisting of the
outermost layer in
epidermis
4. Melanocytes –produce
skin pigments(melanin)
5. Langerhans cells –one of
immune cells in skin
Epidermal
renewal
• Keratinocytes divide
to provide cells to
the surface
• The cells gradually
reach to the surface
and flatten
• The cells in the
surface are dead,
tough, and
waterproof
The function of epidermis
• Provides protection against pathogens
• Protects inner cells from physical impacts, UV
light, and burn
• Waterproof
• Prevents body from dehydration
The Structure of
Dermis
• Collagen and elastin –
proteins consisting of most
of dermis. Properties with
elasticity, extensibility
• Sweat gland –produces
sweat
• Erector muscle –erects
hairs to hold body heat
inside
• Hair follicle –a root of hair
• Sensory receptor –detects
sensation
The Functions of Dermis
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Regulation of the body temperature
Provides nutrients to the epidermis
Excretion of body waste
Sensations of touching, pressure, pain, and
temperature,
• Provides skin with elasticity and resistance to
distortion and distraction
The structure of Hypodermis
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Fat cells –the basement of skin
Lymphatic vessels –immunity for skin
Blood vessels –provide nutrient to dermis
Nerves –transmit stimulations from sensory
receptors
The Function of Hypodermis
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Preservation of energy
Insulation of the body
Extra cushion
Provides nutrients to the upper layers
Diseases/ Disorders
• Alopecia Areata
Alopecia
Areata
Psoriasis
– hair
• Psoriasis
– skin
• Warts
Warts
– skin
• Dermatitis
– skin
• Athlete’s Foot
– skin
Dermatitis
Athlete’s
Foot
Alopecia Areata
• A.k.a. spot baldness
• Autoimmune disorder; attacks hair follicles
• Only 0.1%-0.2% of humans have been
diagnosed with it
• Leads to baldness
• Usually starts in childhood
• Not contagious
Prevention/ Treatment
• Cannot prevent it if diagnosed
• Treatment:
– Corticosteroids injected in scalp every 4-6 weeks
– Could wear hair pieces or hair weaves
– Use only certain hair products
– Use unique styling techniques
Psoriasis
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Chronic autoimmune disease
Symptoms include red/scaly lesions on skin
Lesions are called psoriatic plaques
They show inflammation and increased skin
production
• This excessive skin production occurs in
accumulation of silvery white cells (plaques)
• Usually affects elbows and knees
• Not contagious
Prevention/ Treatment
• No way to prevent it if diagnosed
• Treatment:
– Creams, ointments, and lotions to moisturize the
skin
– Shampoos, oils, and sprays to treat scalp
– Little exposure to sunlight
Warts
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Comes from the Human Papilloma Virus
Characterized as tiny, round, rough tumors
Appear mostly on hands and feet
Many types: common, plantar, flat, genital,
and mosaic
• Contagious via direct contact
• Can easily and safely be removed
Prevention/ Treatment
• Prevention:
– Avoid exposure to others’ warts
– Don’t pick at them to avoid spreading
– Keep affected spots dry
• Treatment:
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Freezing
Cantharidin
Bleomycin
Minor Surgery
Laser Surgery
Dermatitis
• Inflammation of the skin
• Types: Seborrheic Dermatitis, Atopic
Dermatitis (Eczema)
• Starts out as an itchy rash then could spread
with increased redness and swelling
• Not life-threatening or contagious, but can
make one feel very self-conscious
Prevention/ Treatment
• No way to prevent it if diagnosed
• Treatment:
– Creams, ointments, and lotions to moisturize the
skin
Athlete’s Foot
• Medically termed Tinea Pedis
• Fungal infection usually on the feet causing
scaling, flaking, and itching
• Could spread to groin if not treated
• Contagious via moist areas where you would
walk barefoot such as a public bath house or
shower room
Prevention/ Treatment
• Prevention:
– Maintain good hygiene
– Avoid others with the disease
• Treatment:
– Special medication, does not have to be doctor
prescribed
Bee Stings
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remove the sting by sliding or scraping your
fingernail across it, rather than pulling at it.
Wash the area and apply ice to reduce the
swelling.
If the person has an allergy to bee stings, they
can fall into a life-threatening state of
anaphylactic shock.
Immobilise the person, apply pressure to the
bite and seek immediate medical help.
Spider Bites
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seek immediate medical help. Bandage the
wound firmly. Use a second bandage to wrap
the arm or leg and splint the affected limb.
Anti-venom is required.
wash the affected area well and soothe the
pain with ice packs or iced water.
Snake Bites
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Don’t wash the skin, as traces of venom left
behind might be needed by medical
personnel to identify the snake.
Pressure bandage and splint the limb.
If the person was bitten on the torso, make
sure your bandaging doesn’t restrict their
breathing.
Tick
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if a tick has burrowed into the skin, grasp it
behind the head with fine tweezers, as close
to the skin as possible.
Gently pull it straight out with steady
pressure, making sure you remove the entire
body.
Do not use methylated spirits, alcohol or
anything else to kill the tick before removing
as this may cause the tick to inject more
poison.
Minor Burns
• Hold the skin under cool, not cold water for 10
to 15 minutes
• Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage
• Take an over the counter pain reliever
Major Burns
• Don’t remove burned clothing, make sure the vicitim is not in
contact with smoldering or burning substances
• Don’t immerge burns in cold water
• Cover the area of the burn, use a cool, moist sterile bandage
• Elevate the burn the burned body parts
• Get a tetanus shot
Bruises
• Apply ice immediately to the bruised area of
the body
• Elevate the injured body part above the heart
• Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, it will
give the body what it needs to help the blood
clot.
Puncture Wounds
• Stop the bleeding, put direct pressure on the
wound
• Clean the wounds with soap and water
• Bandage the wound with if requires
protection
• Get a tetanus shot
Scrapes
• Clean the area with soapy cold water.
• Treat the area with an antibiotic, make sure
the victim isn’t allergic to antibiotics
beforehand
• Protect the area and allow a scab to form.
Scab is the bodies way of protecting open
wounds.
General Care
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6-8 Hours of sleep
Eating a well-balanced diet and avoiding
harmful substances/environments
Exercise – resistance training and
cardiovascular
Healthy management of stress
Proper use of antibiotics.