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YES: The environmental quality objective
will be achieved with policy instruments
already decided on and with measures
implemented before 2020.
CLOSE: The environmental quality
objective is close to being achieved. Plans
now exist for policy instruments that will be
decided on before 2020.
NO: It is not possible to achieve the
environmental quality objective by 2020 on
the basis of policy instruments already
decided on or planned.
POSITIVE: The trend in the state of the
environment is positive.
NEUTRAL: No clear trend in the state of
the environment can be seen.
NEGATIVE: The trend in the state of the
environment is negative.
UNCLEAR: Insufficient data are available
to assess the trend in the state of the
environment.
Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse
gases are rising, owing mainly to emissions
from power and heat generation, industrial
processes and transport.
To avoid warming of more than 2 ºC and
reduce the risk of dangerous climate change,
an international climate agreement is needed.
In it, global emissions need to be more than
halved by 2050 and reduced to around zero
by the end of the century.
ILLUSTRATIONS: TOBIAS FLYGAR. PHOTO: HANS GEIJER/JOHNER
1. Reduced
Climate Impact
Air pollution still causes significant damage
to human health, vegetation and cultural
heritage.
Further action is needed to meet this
objective. Internationally, steps must be
taken to reduce concentrations of particles
and ground-level ozone.
At a national level, additional action is
required to curb emissions of nitrogen
oxides and of particulates from the use of
studded tyres.
PHOTO: PEDER BJÖRKEGREN/JOHNER
2. Clean Air
Some improvement has occurred in the
acidification status of surface waters, but not
in that of forest soils or groundwaters.
Further international action is called for,
chiefly to reduce emissions from
international shipping. At a national level,
measures are mainly needed to mitigate the
effects of forestry.
The EU Commission has adopted a new
policy package to cut air pollutant
emissions.
PHOTO: HANS BJURLING/JOHNER
3. Natural
Acidification Only
Some toxic pollutants are declining, but
persistent ones are a major problem.
In many cases, there is no basis for
assessing how levels are changing.
Growing global consumption is increasing
production of chemicals and other products,
and with it diffuse release of dangerous
substances.
The EU has begun to restrict use of
substances of very high concern. Policy
instruments are developing favourably,
but more action is needed.
PHOTO: GÖRAN NYRÉN/JOHNER
4. A Non-Toxic
Environment
Thinning of the ozone layer has stopped,
with much to suggest that ozone is
increasing again. There are uncertainties in
the assessment, however, linked to both the
scientific data and ozone’s natural
variability.
There is also an ongoing threat to the ozone
layer from the future influence of climate,
continued use of ozone-depleting
substances, and emissions from end-of-life
products.
PHOTO: PER MAGNUS PERSSON/JOHNER
5. A Protective
Ozone Layer
Positive progress can be seen on many
aspects of this objective.
However, the incidence of skin cancer has
increased over a long period. To reduce
exposure to ultraviolet radiation, lifestyles
and attitudes to sunbathing and personal
appearance need to change.
Even if exposure declines, cancer incidence
will go on rising for a time, as it can take
decades for skin cancer to develop.
PHOTO: KENNETH BENGTSSON/JOHNER
6. A Safe Radiation
Environment
Nutrient loads are falling and in some areas
symptoms of eutrophication are abating, but
much of Sweden is still affected. Conditions
are worst in the Baltic Sea.
Action to curb nutrient emissions has
produced results, but recovery is slow.
To move closer to the objective, emissions
must be further reduced, both in other
countries bordering on Swedish sea areas
and from international shipping.
PHOTO: LENA KOLLER/JOHNER
7. Zero
Eutrophication
Many lakes and watercourses lack good
ecological status. Acidification has eased,
but still affects fresh waters. Physical
disturbance and fragmentation are problems
throughout Sweden.
Many species have yet to achieve
favourable conservation status, owing to
poor habitats and water quality. River
restoration is under way, but progress is
slow.
Greater environmental consideration is
needed.
PHOTO: ANNIKA VANNERUS/JOHNER
8. Flourishing Lakes
and Streams
Problems of polluted groundwater exist
countrywide, especially in farming and urban
areas.
Better monitoring is needed to be able to
describe, prioritise and address the right
problem in the right place. Efforts to protect
groundwater resources are progressing, but
must be stepped up.
More effective measures are needed in the
areas of supervision, planning, water
management and agriculture.
PHOTO: JEPPE WIKSTRÖM/JOHNER
9. Good-Quality
Groundwater
Eutrophication, toxic pollutants and weak fish
stocks remain major problems for the marine
environment. Other concerns are marine
litter, oxygen depletion on the seabed, alien
species, and disturbance or destruction of
sensitive habitats and cultural heritage.
To achieve this objective, much remains to be
done to develop and implement key policy
instruments, in Sweden and at EU level.
PHOTO: JEPPE WIKSTRÖM/JOHNER
10. A Balanced Marine
Environment, Flourishing Coastal Areas
and Archipelagos
Damage to valuable wetlands and
vegetation change are still occurring,
impacting natural and cultural values and
ecosystem services.
Effects of drainage, climate change, alien
species and nitrogen deposition remain a
problem. Support for wetland creation has
been withdrawn.
Conservation measures, e.g. protection,
management and restoration, and
environmental care in different sectors need
to be stepped up.
PHOTO: PÄR BRÄNNSTRÖM/JOHNER
11. Thriving
Wetlands
Forestry is now doing more to live up to its
sectoral responsibility and has taken many
forward-looking measures.
The conservation status of several forest
types is unfavourable, and many forest
species are threatened.
To meet the objective, better environmental
consideration is needed, along with more
protection and conservation management.
Some action will only have effects in the
longer term.
PHOTO: ULF HUETT NILSSON/JOHNER
12. Sustainable
Forests
The farmed landscape is still contracting,
and many habitats and species are not in
favourable conservation status. Farmland
productivity is judged acceptable, but must
continue to be monitored.
Sustainable, viable agriculture, capable of
delivering food and natural and cultural
values, is needed throughout the country,
while adverse impacts on the environment
continue to be reduced.
PHOTO: TORE HAGMAN/NATURFOTOGRAFERNA/PIXELFACTORY
13. A Varied
Agricultural
Landscape
Natural resources in sensitive mountain
areas are used by a variety of interests.
Wind power, mining and other activities can
also disturb reindeer grazing and its benefits
for biodiversity. Growing use of off-road
vehicles is increasing damage to soil and
vegetation.
More needs to be known about mountain
cultural heritage, and about how much
disturbance ecosystems can withstand.
Current climate change also has an impact.
PHOTO: HANS GEIJER/JOHNER
14. A Magnificent
Mountain
Landscape
Homes are becoming more energy-efficient.
Radon remediation is under way in many,
but much needs to be done to tackle noise
and poor indoor environments, enhance
planning and protect cultural heritage.
Growth in road transport is adding to noise
and reducing air quality. Urban green space
is contracting, and quantities of waste
continue to grow.
Overall, more action and new instruments
are needed.
PHOTO: GÖRAN ASSNER/JOHNER
15. A Good Built
Environment
Many species and habitats are at risk and
ecosystems are becoming impoverished.
Alien species continue to expand.
Resources must be used with greater
care, and natural areas need to be better
protected and managed. Sweden must
also give a lead internationally.
Instruments are not in place or not being
used, and resources are insufficient to
conserve biodiversity and ecosystem
services in the long term.
PHOTO: KENNETH BENGTSSON/JOHNER
16. A Rich Diversity
of Plant and
Animal Life