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Religion VocabulaRy tenet – an opinion, doctrine, or principle held as being true by a person especially in an organization such as a religion worship – honor paid to a God or religion or anything considered sacred Hinduism — A family of religious traditions practiced by about 900 million people around the world. caste system — A division of social class in India based on ancient Hindu teachings. Brahman — The supreme essence or God of Hinduism. Hindus think of Brahman in many different forms. Brahma — The world spirit, the Absolute, the chief god of the Hindu faith who is associated with the creation of all reality. Union with Brahma is seen as the end goal for all individuals seeking enlightenment within Hinduism. Vishnu — The preserver god representing divine love who has been incarnated as Krishna and Rama. Shiva — The energy force of the Absolute, who is seen as the great cosmic creator and destroyer samsara — The Hindu belief in a cycle of life, death and rebirth. reincarnation — The Hindu belief in rebirth after death. karma — The Hindu belief that a person’s actions affect what happens to him or her. moksha — The Hindu belief in freedom from samsara. Sanskrit — The Hindu language, originating in 1500 B.C.E., in which the sacred scriptures are written. temple — Also known as a mandir, a Hindu place of worship. puja — Hindu prayer rituals. shrine — Area of worship in a Hindu home. Vedas — Ancient Hindu sacred writings. dharma – living life in an ethical and moral way to fulfill a larger religious or ethical duty polythieism – the belief in many gods Buddhism — A religion based on the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. This religion is practiced by more than 360 million Buddhists worldwide. The Buddha — A title given to Siddhartha Gautama, which means “enlightened one.” Buddhist temple – where Buddhists worship their religion Great Enlightenment — The moment at which Buddhists believe the Buddha gained wisdom and became free from life’s suffering. Four Noble Truths — Important teachings of the Buddha, which include ideas about suffering, its causes and how to end it. Noble Eightfold Path — Important teachings of the Buddha, which tell his followers how to end suffering. dharma — The truth or law of Buddhism. reincarnation — The Buddhist belief in rebirth after death. karma — The Buddhist belief that a person’s actions affect what happens to him or her. nirvana — The Buddhist belief in a state of being where there is no more suffering and no more rebirth. sangha — A community of Buddhists, including monks and nuns. sutras — Buddhist sacred writings. Judaism — A religion practiced by about 14 million Jews worldwide. Judaism is considered to be the first major monotheistic religion. Jew – a follower of Judaism monotheism — The belief in one God. Ten Commandments — According to Jewish belief, God’s laws that were given to Moses, and which provide Jews with guidelines for living. Messiah — The Expected One who will free and elevate the Jewish people to new levels of devotion in practicing God’s law. Diaspora — The scattering of Jews all over the world. anti-Semitism — Discrimination most commonly against Jewish people. Torah — The sacred writings of the Jewish religion. Talmud — A collection of interpretations of the Torah. synagogue — Also known as temple or shul, a Jewish place of worship. Sabbath — A day of rest and worship observed by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening. cantor — The person who leads songs and prayers at Jewish worship services. rabbi — Jewish religious leader. kosher — Following special dietary laws taken from Hebrew scripture. Islam — A religion practiced by more than one billion Muslims.“Islam”comes from the Arabic word for surrender. Muslim — A follower of Islam. Allah — A word that means “the God” in Arabic. Muhammad — According to Muslims, a prophet who received the word of God. monotheism — Belief in one God. Pillars of Islam — The five tenets of Islam are profession of faith, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage. hijrah — Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. mosque — Also known as a masjid, a Muslim place of worship. shahadah — A statement, recited by Muslims, that states the fundamental beliefs of Islam. salah — Daily prayers of Muslims, said five times per day. zakah — Charity performed by Muslims. sawm — Fasting. Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan. hajj — A journey or pilgrimage to Mecca. Ka’bah — A shrine in Mecca, and one of the holiest places according to the Islamic faith. Qur’an — The holy writings of Islam. (Also spelled “Koran”) Christianity — A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus.This religion is practiced by about two billion Christians worldwide. Jesus — According to Christians, the son of God whose life and teachings provide the basis for the Christian religion. monotheism — Belief in one God. disciples — Devoted followers. resurrection — The event when Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead. Protestant Reformation — A religious revolution during the 16th century that resulted in the founding of Protestantism, a major branch of Christianity. trinity — The Christian belief that one God is three persons – the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Bible — Christian sacred writings. sacraments — Special ceremonies performed by some Christians. Baptism is considered a sacrament by many Christians.