Download TAKE-HOME EXAM

Name: _____________________________________
Human Biology 102, Fall 2006
Unit 2 Take-Home Exam
20 points Total
PART 1: THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
1. Which of the following statements about bone marrow is correct?
A. Yellow marrow is responsible for blood cell production.
B. Red marrow is primarily fat.
C. As a person grows older, yellow marrow is replaced by red marrow.
D. Yellow marrow is primarily fat.
2. The condition in which the bones are weakened due to a decrease in the bone mass:
A. fractures
B. osteoporosis
C. bone spurs
D. osteoarthritis
E. gout
3. The carpals are the:
A. wrist bones
B. ankle bones
C. fingers
D. toes
4. Which of the following is the result an autoimmune disorder?
A. osteroporosis
B. rheumatoid arthritis
C. gout
D. scoliosis
E. kyphosis
5. Which action increases the joint angle?
A. flexion
B. extension
C. abduction
D. adduction
6. Crystals of uric acid can collect in joints. This condition is called:
A. ankylosis
B. rheumatoid arthritis
C. osteoarthritis
D. gout
E. bursitis
Name: _____________________________________
7. Choose the CORRECT pairing.
A. osteocytes; mature bone cells
B. osteoblasts; bone forming cells
C. osteoclasts; break down bone
D. All of the choices are correct.
8. The type of cells that take calcium from the blood are _________ and the type of cells
that deposit calcium into the blood are _____________.
A. osteoclasts, osteoblasts
B. osteoblasts, osteoclasts
C. osteocytes, osteoblasts
D. osteoclasts, osteocytes
9. False ribs attach to the sternum:
A. directly
B. indirectly by first joining to the costal cartilages of adjoining ribs
C. This type of rib does not attach to the sternum.
10. Which of the following is NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton?
A. ribs
B. fibula
C. humerus
D. metacarpal bones
E. radius
11. Which abnormal curvature of the spine involves a lateral curve?
A. scoliosis
B. kyphosis
C. lordosis
D. ankylosis
12. Which term is sometimes associated with kyphosis?
A. hunchback
B. sway back
13. A _______ is an injury involving a ligament tear.
A. strain
B. sprain
C. spasm
D. dystrophy
Name: _____________________________________
14. Choose the CORRECT pairing.
A. simple fracture; bone fragments break through skin
B. compound fracture; bone does not penetrate the skin
C. complete fracture; fracture due to a twisting of the bone
D. incomplete fracture; bone broken only part-way across
15. A hematoma followed by a fibrous callus, boney callus and remodeling refers to
what condition?
A. osteoporosis
B. bone cancer
C. arthritis
D. bursitis
E. broken bone
16. Which of the following is NOT true about the vertebrae?
A. They are part of the appendicular skeleton.
B. They form a backbone.
C. They help form curvatures of the spine.
D. They are separated by intervertebral disks.
E. They help protect the spinal cord.
17. Which term is sometimes associated with lordosis?
A. hunchback
B. sway back
18. Choose the following that is NOT a function of bone.
A. supports the body
B. produces blood cells
C. manufactures metabolic enzymes
D. stores minerals and fat
E. protects vulnerable body parts
19. Ligaments:
A. connect bone to bone
B. cover surfaces of bone and muscle
C. connect muscle to muscle
D. connect bone to muscle
20. A sprain occurs when:
A. a bone is fractured
B. a ligament is torn from its attachments
C. a muscle is torn
D. a tendon is torn
Name: _____________________________________
21. The ankle bones are called the:
A. carpals
B. metatarsals
C. tarsals
D. metacarpals
22. The radius is to the ulna as the:
A. tibia is the femur
B. fibula is to the ulna
C. fibula is to the tibia
D. humerus is to the femur
23. The palm of the hand is made up of which bones?
A. carpals
B. metacarpals
C. tarsals
D. metatarsals
24. Which of the following actions decreases the joint angle:
A. flexion
B. extension
C. abduction
D. adduction
25. The proper term for the collar bone is the ___________________________________
26. The bones of the wrist are called _________________________________________
27. The proper name of the thigh bone is the ___________________________________
28. The proper name for the heel bone is the ___________________________________
29. The proper name for the lower jaw bone is the ______________________________
30. The proper term for the shoulder blade bone is the ___________________________
31. The proper name for the bone of the arm is the ______________________________
32. The bones of the fingers are called ________________________________________
33. The proper term for the kneecap is the _____________________________________
34. The ball and arch of the foot are made of what bones? ________________________
Name: _____________________________________
LABEL THE FOLLOWING PICTURES WITH THE STRUCTURES BELOW:
Sternum
RIBS:
True ribs
False ribs
Floating ribs
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges of fingers
Pelvic bone
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
Phalanges of toes
Name: _____________________________________
Name: _____________________________________
Name: _____________________________________
PART 2
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1. Which of the following muscles are voluntary?
A. Smooth muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. A and B
E. All of the above
2. Skeletal muscles are named according to:
A. size
B. location
C. action
D. All of the choices are correct.
3. Of the following, which muscle raises the arm at the shoulder?
A. deltoid
B. gastrocnemius
C. triceps brachii
D. tibialis anterior
4. On what part of the body is the tibialis anterior located?
A. abdomen
B. thigh
C. lower limb
D. upper arm
5. The amount of oxygen needed to replenish the supply following anaerobic demand is
called:
A. muscle fatigue
B. oxygen debt
C. muscle demand
D. blood supply
6. Which muscle or muscle group extends the forearm?
A. triceps brachii
B. deltoid
C. biceps brachii
D. trapezius
Name: _____________________________________
7. What muscle or muscle group flexes the lower leg?
A. gastrocnemius
B. hamstring group
C. quadriceps group
D. gluteus maximus
Match the following to their description:
8. Hypertrophy
A. Genetic lack of protein
9. Atrophy
B. Region of body that moves when muscle contracts
10. Muscular dystrophy
C. Region that doesn’t move when the muscle contracts
11. Origin
D. Caused from exercise
12. Insertion
E. Caused from lack of use
13. A muscle which assists another in an action is called a(n):
A. antagonist
B. prime mover
C. synergist
14. Which of the following muscles are involuntary?
A. Smooth muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. A and B
E. All of the above
15. Which muscle or muscle group flexes the forearm?
A. triceps brachii
B. trapezius
C. biceps brachii
D. deltoid
16. Which large calf muscle is used to extend the foot?
A. deltoid
B. gastrocnemius
C. triceps brachii
D. tibialis anterior
17. What muscle is painful in shin splints?
A. tibialis anterior
B. adductor longus
C. peroneus longus
D. iliopsoas
Name: _____________________________________
18. Choose the following that is NOT a physiological benefit of exercise.
A. improved muscular strength, endurance, flexibility
B. improved cardio-respiratory endurance
C. increased bone density and strength
D. relief from depression and increased HDLs
E. All of the choices are correct.
19. Choose the following that is associated with the muscular system's contribution to
overall homeostasis.
A. cardiac muscle propels blood
B. smooth muscles cause peristalsis in digestive tract
C. skeletal muscles protect internal organs
D. All of the choices are correct.
20. A strain occurs when:
A. a ligament is torn from its attachments
B. a cartilage slips from a joint
C. the periosteum is stretched too far
D. a muscle is stretched or torn
21. Which of the following attaches muscle to bone?
A. ligaments
B. joints
C. tendons
D. fibers
22. Which large buttock muscle is associated with walking upright?
A. gastrocnemius
B. hamstring group
C. quadriceps group
D. gluteus maximus
23. A ______ is an injury that results from over stretching a muscle.
A. strain
B. sprain
C. spasm
D. dystrophy
Name: _____________________________________
LABEL THE FOLLOWING PICTURES WITH THE STRUCTURES BELOW:
FRONT
BACK
BICEPS
DELTOID
PECTORALIS
TRAPEZIUS
RECTUS
TRICEPS
ABDOMINUS
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
QUADRICEPS
HAMSTRINGS
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR GASTROCNEMIUS
PART 3
NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Which area of the brain sorts out all the sensory information to see what’s important?
________________________________________________
2. Which area of the brain is responsible for jet lag?
_________________________________________________
3. Which area of the brain is the largest portion, and is responsible for consciousness?
__________________________________________________
4. Which area of the brain is the vital center responsible for regulating heart-beat and
breathing?
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Which area of the brain controls hormone levels and heart rate?
____________________________________________________
6. The ______________________________________ system in the brain causes some
experiences to have emotional overtones.
Match the following to their description (according to the class transcript):
7. ALCOHOL
8. NICOTINE
9. COCAINE
10. HEROIN
11. MARIJUANA
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
no desire for food or sleep, loss of sex drive and impotence
withdrawal= sweating, shakes, and abdominal cramps
alteration in vision, judgment, and motor coordination
disrupts the normal working of the liver
increases the heart rate and blood pressure.