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Name: _____________________________________ Human Biology 102, Fall 2006 Unit 2 Take-Home Exam 20 points Total PART 1: THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1. Which of the following statements about bone marrow is correct? A. Yellow marrow is responsible for blood cell production. B. Red marrow is primarily fat. C. As a person grows older, yellow marrow is replaced by red marrow. D. Yellow marrow is primarily fat. 2. The condition in which the bones are weakened due to a decrease in the bone mass: A. fractures B. osteoporosis C. bone spurs D. osteoarthritis E. gout 3. The carpals are the: A. wrist bones B. ankle bones C. fingers D. toes 4. Which of the following is the result an autoimmune disorder? A. osteroporosis B. rheumatoid arthritis C. gout D. scoliosis E. kyphosis 5. Which action increases the joint angle? A. flexion B. extension C. abduction D. adduction 6. Crystals of uric acid can collect in joints. This condition is called: A. ankylosis B. rheumatoid arthritis C. osteoarthritis D. gout E. bursitis Name: _____________________________________ 7. Choose the CORRECT pairing. A. osteocytes; mature bone cells B. osteoblasts; bone forming cells C. osteoclasts; break down bone D. All of the choices are correct. 8. The type of cells that take calcium from the blood are _________ and the type of cells that deposit calcium into the blood are _____________. A. osteoclasts, osteoblasts B. osteoblasts, osteoclasts C. osteocytes, osteoblasts D. osteoclasts, osteocytes 9. False ribs attach to the sternum: A. directly B. indirectly by first joining to the costal cartilages of adjoining ribs C. This type of rib does not attach to the sternum. 10. Which of the following is NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton? A. ribs B. fibula C. humerus D. metacarpal bones E. radius 11. Which abnormal curvature of the spine involves a lateral curve? A. scoliosis B. kyphosis C. lordosis D. ankylosis 12. Which term is sometimes associated with kyphosis? A. hunchback B. sway back 13. A _______ is an injury involving a ligament tear. A. strain B. sprain C. spasm D. dystrophy Name: _____________________________________ 14. Choose the CORRECT pairing. A. simple fracture; bone fragments break through skin B. compound fracture; bone does not penetrate the skin C. complete fracture; fracture due to a twisting of the bone D. incomplete fracture; bone broken only part-way across 15. A hematoma followed by a fibrous callus, boney callus and remodeling refers to what condition? A. osteoporosis B. bone cancer C. arthritis D. bursitis E. broken bone 16. Which of the following is NOT true about the vertebrae? A. They are part of the appendicular skeleton. B. They form a backbone. C. They help form curvatures of the spine. D. They are separated by intervertebral disks. E. They help protect the spinal cord. 17. Which term is sometimes associated with lordosis? A. hunchback B. sway back 18. Choose the following that is NOT a function of bone. A. supports the body B. produces blood cells C. manufactures metabolic enzymes D. stores minerals and fat E. protects vulnerable body parts 19. Ligaments: A. connect bone to bone B. cover surfaces of bone and muscle C. connect muscle to muscle D. connect bone to muscle 20. A sprain occurs when: A. a bone is fractured B. a ligament is torn from its attachments C. a muscle is torn D. a tendon is torn Name: _____________________________________ 21. The ankle bones are called the: A. carpals B. metatarsals C. tarsals D. metacarpals 22. The radius is to the ulna as the: A. tibia is the femur B. fibula is to the ulna C. fibula is to the tibia D. humerus is to the femur 23. The palm of the hand is made up of which bones? A. carpals B. metacarpals C. tarsals D. metatarsals 24. Which of the following actions decreases the joint angle: A. flexion B. extension C. abduction D. adduction 25. The proper term for the collar bone is the ___________________________________ 26. The bones of the wrist are called _________________________________________ 27. The proper name of the thigh bone is the ___________________________________ 28. The proper name for the heel bone is the ___________________________________ 29. The proper name for the lower jaw bone is the ______________________________ 30. The proper term for the shoulder blade bone is the ___________________________ 31. The proper name for the bone of the arm is the ______________________________ 32. The bones of the fingers are called ________________________________________ 33. The proper term for the kneecap is the _____________________________________ 34. The ball and arch of the foot are made of what bones? ________________________ Name: _____________________________________ LABEL THE FOLLOWING PICTURES WITH THE STRUCTURES BELOW: Sternum RIBS: True ribs False ribs Floating ribs Scapula Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges of fingers Pelvic bone Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Calcaneus Metatarsals Phalanges of toes Name: _____________________________________ Name: _____________________________________ Name: _____________________________________ PART 2 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1. Which of the following muscles are voluntary? A. Smooth muscle B. Cardiac muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. A and B E. All of the above 2. Skeletal muscles are named according to: A. size B. location C. action D. All of the choices are correct. 3. Of the following, which muscle raises the arm at the shoulder? A. deltoid B. gastrocnemius C. triceps brachii D. tibialis anterior 4. On what part of the body is the tibialis anterior located? A. abdomen B. thigh C. lower limb D. upper arm 5. The amount of oxygen needed to replenish the supply following anaerobic demand is called: A. muscle fatigue B. oxygen debt C. muscle demand D. blood supply 6. Which muscle or muscle group extends the forearm? A. triceps brachii B. deltoid C. biceps brachii D. trapezius Name: _____________________________________ 7. What muscle or muscle group flexes the lower leg? A. gastrocnemius B. hamstring group C. quadriceps group D. gluteus maximus Match the following to their description: 8. Hypertrophy A. Genetic lack of protein 9. Atrophy B. Region of body that moves when muscle contracts 10. Muscular dystrophy C. Region that doesn’t move when the muscle contracts 11. Origin D. Caused from exercise 12. Insertion E. Caused from lack of use 13. A muscle which assists another in an action is called a(n): A. antagonist B. prime mover C. synergist 14. Which of the following muscles are involuntary? A. Smooth muscle B. Cardiac muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. A and B E. All of the above 15. Which muscle or muscle group flexes the forearm? A. triceps brachii B. trapezius C. biceps brachii D. deltoid 16. Which large calf muscle is used to extend the foot? A. deltoid B. gastrocnemius C. triceps brachii D. tibialis anterior 17. What muscle is painful in shin splints? A. tibialis anterior B. adductor longus C. peroneus longus D. iliopsoas Name: _____________________________________ 18. Choose the following that is NOT a physiological benefit of exercise. A. improved muscular strength, endurance, flexibility B. improved cardio-respiratory endurance C. increased bone density and strength D. relief from depression and increased HDLs E. All of the choices are correct. 19. Choose the following that is associated with the muscular system's contribution to overall homeostasis. A. cardiac muscle propels blood B. smooth muscles cause peristalsis in digestive tract C. skeletal muscles protect internal organs D. All of the choices are correct. 20. A strain occurs when: A. a ligament is torn from its attachments B. a cartilage slips from a joint C. the periosteum is stretched too far D. a muscle is stretched or torn 21. Which of the following attaches muscle to bone? A. ligaments B. joints C. tendons D. fibers 22. Which large buttock muscle is associated with walking upright? A. gastrocnemius B. hamstring group C. quadriceps group D. gluteus maximus 23. A ______ is an injury that results from over stretching a muscle. A. strain B. sprain C. spasm D. dystrophy Name: _____________________________________ LABEL THE FOLLOWING PICTURES WITH THE STRUCTURES BELOW: FRONT BACK BICEPS DELTOID PECTORALIS TRAPEZIUS RECTUS TRICEPS ABDOMINUS GLUTEUS MAXIMUS QUADRICEPS HAMSTRINGS TIBIALIS ANTERIOR GASTROCNEMIUS PART 3 NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Which area of the brain sorts out all the sensory information to see what’s important? ________________________________________________ 2. Which area of the brain is responsible for jet lag? _________________________________________________ 3. Which area of the brain is the largest portion, and is responsible for consciousness? __________________________________________________ 4. Which area of the brain is the vital center responsible for regulating heart-beat and breathing? _______________________________________________________________________ 5. Which area of the brain controls hormone levels and heart rate? ____________________________________________________ 6. The ______________________________________ system in the brain causes some experiences to have emotional overtones. Match the following to their description (according to the class transcript): 7. ALCOHOL 8. NICOTINE 9. COCAINE 10. HEROIN 11. MARIJUANA A. B. C. D. E. no desire for food or sleep, loss of sex drive and impotence withdrawal= sweating, shakes, and abdominal cramps alteration in vision, judgment, and motor coordination disrupts the normal working of the liver increases the heart rate and blood pressure.