Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
OUTLINE FOR CATARACT SECTION- Stuart Richer, OD, PhD, FAAO I PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY OF CATARACTOGENESIS Anterior Epithelial layer Fiber cell crystalline proteins Metabolism Electrolyte Imbalance II DISEASE ASSOCIATION - Ocular & Systemic CONGENITAL CATARACTS NON CONGENITAL / NON AGE RELATED CATARACTS Capsular - Cortical - Nuclear - Posterior Subcapsular Opacities Reference: Richer SP, Yonatan E, Harper CK, McNelis M, Rudy DR, Perdue A, A Clinical review of non-age related cataracts, Optometry, 2001; 72:767-78. III CATARACT AS A WORLDWIDE PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE Prevalence Sunlight Malnutrition AGING AMERICANS Driving Safety Issues Hip Fracture Risk Quality of Life (QOL) Airplane pilots Astronauts IV INSTRUMENTATATION TO MEASURE OPACIFICATION Brightness Acuity Test (BAT)(r) & LOCSIII Pentacam(r) NASA Diffuse Light Scattering Probe(r) Holometer(r) V CATARACT PREVENTION EPIDEMIOLOGY Caloric Restriction Diet & Multivitamins Vitamin C Lutein and carotenoids B Vitamins Sulfur containing molecules Bioflavanoids Herbs-i.e. ECGC in green tea VI HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES Cinaria Maritima (5x & 6x) OTC vs. Rx VII NON SURGICAL CATARACT MEDICAL EYE DROP TREATMENT Pantetheine, Prof John Clark, University of Washington School of Medicine National Eye Institute collaboration N-acetyl carnosine gtts BID, Dr Mark Babizhayev www.can-c.net Animal data-new Veterinary Medicine Studies In Vitro human lens data Clinical Trial Data Human data - Moscow Commercial data - veterinary practice Commercial data - human internet sales FDA, LEGAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONSIDERATIONS The Power of Nutrition as it effects AMD: Dennis Ruskin OD, FAAO Discussion of AMD, review new testing protocols, and inform attendees the nutritional strategies to deal with this disease: Outline: Introduction Past nutritional studies related to AMD Ongoing nutritional studies related to AMD Current concepts Biomarkers of AMD to aid in early identification of the disease Genetics and AMD Genetic testing and AMD Neutragenomics and epigenetics of AMD Nutritional recommendations and guidelines Non-Pharmaceutical Recommendations for the Glaucoma Patients Larry Alexander, O.D., F.A.A.O. Course Description: There is strong support in the medical literature regarding diet and nutritional support in the management of glaucoma. The manipulation of this aspect of therapy may be particularly when applied to vaso-regulative with neurodegenerative issues. Outline: Summary and Introduction Diet and Behavior That Supports Anti-Inflammation and Neuroprotection o Is There a Place for Bear Bile? o Is There Any Science? The Science of Nutritional Supplements and Natural Sources Nutrition and Behavior with Mitochondrial Impact Take Home Message and Excellent Natural Sources for the following nutrients: Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin E Lutein/Zeaxanthin Lycopene Selenium Glutathione Vitamin B 6 Folic Acid Vitamin B-12 Magnesium Omega 3 Fatty Acids Ginkgo Biloba Coenzyme Q10-Ubiqquinone Alpha-lipoic Acid Lycopene Melatonin Curcumin Acetyl-Carnitine Bilberry Quercitin Taurine N-acetyl cysteine Resveratrol Exercise Overall Take Home Message Maintenance of health does not occur in a vacuum ==================================================================== Nutritional Influence on Tear Film Biochemistry Ellen Troyer, MA, MT Addressing the biochemical role micronutrients play in functionality of the three layers of the tear film. Pathology of the three-layer tear film: The Mucus Layer - the closest layer to the corneal epithelium: produced by the conjunctival goblet cells, and is absorbed by the corneal surface glycoproteins, creating a hydrophilic surface. Mucin deficiency, or mucopolysaccharide abnormalities, can lead to poor wetting or glycation of the corneal surface with subsequent desiccation and epithelial damage, even in the presence of adequate aqueous tear production. The Aqueous Layer - the layer between the mucous and lipid layers: secreted by the lacrimal gland and incorporates all water-soluble components of the tear film. It also comprises 90% of the tear thickness. The aqueous layer provides moisture and supplies oxygen and important nutrients to the cornea. The Lipid Layer - the most superficial layer: produced by the Meibomiam glands with contributions from the glands of Zeis and Moll of the eye lids. The secretion is an oily material, which is fluid at body temperature and retards evaporation of the aqueous layer and lowers surface tension, thereby allowing the tear-film to adhere to the eye’s surface. Androgen receptors are located in both the lacrimal and meibomian glands. A decrease in circulating androgen hormones can result in loss of the oil layer, exacerbating the evaporative tear loss. The Blink Reflex renews the tear film by delivering aqueous and lipid to the tear film and sweeping away debris. The normal blink interval is about 5 seconds under normal conditions. The tear film is typically stable for about 10 seconds. Tears are normally evaporated or forced out through the nasolacrimal ducts in the inner corner of the eyes on blinking. The Root Causes of Dry Eye Syndrome: Many different things cause dry eye syndrome. The normal aging of tear glands, as well as extended use of contact lens, environmental pollutants, prescription drugs, refractive surgery, auto immune diseases, nutrient deficiencies and other disorders can cause disruption in the tear production and retention process. Essential Fatty Acids and the tear film Adequate oral intake of Omega-6 essential fatty acids that contain sufficient amounts of gammalinolenic-acid (GLA) are suggested to stimulate the natural production of tear-specific antiinflammatory series one prostaglandins (PGE1). Omega 6 fatty acids convert to PGE1 via the linoleic-acid (LA) to gamma-linolenic-acid (GLA) to dihomo-gamma-linolenic-acid (DGLA) to the series one prostaglandins (PGE1). To help ensure this conversion, the nutrient co-factors, vitamins A, C, B6, and magnesium or zinc must be available. Without these nutrient co-factors, neuronal signaling necessary for aqueous tear production is limited. The delta-six-desaturase (D6D) enzyme necessary for all EFA metabolic conversion is easily disrupted by nutrient deficiencies, alcohol, aging, smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, and environmental factors. These micronutrient co-factors are also suggested to modulate goblet cell and mucin production and neurotransmitter blink response. Oral administration of long chair Omega-3 essential fatty acids are equally important. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) blocks the delta-5-desaturase and prevents development of proinflammatory ecosinoids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) helps maintain cellular membranes, which is particularly important for optimal production and release of neutral lipids in human meibomian gland secretions. An essential fatty acid metabolic chart will be included in the discussion.