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• Personalization
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Empathy - Depersonalization
1
Lieutenant Colonel Dave Grossman,
in his book On Killing, suggests that
military training artificially creates
depersonalization in soldiers,
suppressing empathy and making it
easier for them to kill other human
beings.
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Pseudoscience - Personalization of issues
Tight social groups and authoritarian
personality, suppression of dissent, and
groupthink can enhance the adoption of
beliefs that have no rational basis. In
attempting to confirm their beliefs, the
group tends to identify their critics as
enemies.
1
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Pseudoscience - Personalization of issues
1
Assertion of claims of a conspiracy on the part
of the scientific community to suppress the
results
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Pseudoscience - Personalization of issues
1
Attacking the motives or character of anyone
who questions the claims (see Ad hominem
fallacy)
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Apple ID - OS X & iOS personalization
Apple IDs contain user personal
information and settings. When an Apple
ID is used to log in to an Apple device,
such as Apple iPhone or Apple iPod
Touch, the device will automatically roam
the user's settings associated to the Apple
ID.
1
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Apple ID - OS X & iOS personalization
1
Apple ID also speeds up the process of setting
up a new OS X computer or iOS device
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Mobile banking - Personalization
1
It would be expected from the Mobile Application to
support personalization such as :
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Mobile banking - Personalization
1
# Default transactions
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Google Friend Connect - Personalization
1
Personalisation can be achieved through
gadgets. Gadgets such as 'Interests',
allows third-party sites to send out
newsletters to those subscribed to the site
and to customise newsletters based on
user responses.
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Google Friend Connect - Personalization
Google Friend Connect uses a
personalized content gadget that sends
customised links from the third party
site to match the specific interests of
users.
1
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Google Friend Connect - Personalization
1
Google Friend Connect has an 'AdSense'
feature that lets Google advertise based
on site content and the user interests that
are publicly shared by the user.(2009)
Google Friend Connect, now more
personalised. In Social Web Blog.
Available:
http://googlesocialweb.blogspot.com/2009/
11/google-friend-connect-now-more.html.
Last accessed: 19/04/2011
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Aupeo - Listener Personalization
The listener is able to develop a
personalized radio station either by
selecting a genre of music, an existing
station with a pre-defined theme, or by
typing in the name of an artist
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Depersonalization disorder
1
Providing an accurate description
through investigation has proved
challenging due to the subjective
nature of depersonalization, the
ambiguity of the language used to
describe episodes of
depersonalization and because the
experiences of depersonalization
overlap with those of derealization,
which are two separate disorders.
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Depersonalization disorder
1
Depersonalization disorder is thought
to be largely caused by severe
traumatic lifetime events including
childhood abuse, accidents, war,
torture, panic attacks and bad drug
experiences. It is unclear whether
genetics play a role; however, there
are many neurochemical and
hormonal changes in individuals
suffering with depersonalization
disorder.
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Depersonalization disorder
1
Although the disorder is an alteration in
the subjective experience of reality, it is
not related to psychosis, as sufferers
maintain the ability to distinguish
between their own internal experiences
and the objective reality of the outside
world. During episodic and continuous
depersonalization, sufferers are able to
distinguish between reality and fantasy,
and their grasp on reality remains stable
at all times.Simeon and Abugel p. 32 133
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Depersonalization disorder
While depersonalization disorder was
once considered rare among the general
population, lifetime experiences with the
disorder are common in about 1%-2% of
the general populace. While these
numbers may seem small,
depersonalization experiences were
frequently described by a majority of the
population but in varying intensities.
1
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Depersonalization disorder
1
Depersonalization disorder is associated
with cognitive disruptions in early
perceptual and attentional processes.
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Depersonalization disorder - Symptoms
The core symptom of
depersonalization disorder is the
subjective experience of unreality in
one's sense of self, and as such there
are no clinical signs. Patients who
suffer from depersonalization also
experience an almost uncontrollable
urge to question and think about the
nature of reality and existence as well
as other deeply philosophical
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Symptoms
Individuals who experience
depersonalization can feel divorced from
their own personal physicality by sensing
their body sensations, feelings, emotions
and behaviors as not belonging to the
same person or identity. Also, a
recognition of self breaks down (hence the
name). Depersonalization can result in
very high anxiety levels, which can
intensify these perceptions even further.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Symptoms
1
Patients suffering from depersonalization
disorder have also certain visual
stimulations such as hallucinations and
rapid fluctuations in lighting
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Depersonalization disorder - Symptoms
Factors that tend to diminish
symptoms are comforting interpersonal
interactions, intense physical or
emotional stimulation, and relaxation.
Some factors are identified as relieving
symptom severity such as diet or
exercise; alcohol and fatigue are listed
by others as worsening symptoms.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Symptoms
1
First experiences with depersonalization may
be frightening, with patients fearing loss of
control, dissociation from the rest of society
and functional impairment. The majority of
patients suffering from depersonalization
disorder misinterpret the symptoms, thinking
that they are signs of serious mental illness
or brain dysfunction. This commonly leads to
an increase of anxiety experienced by the
patient which contributes to the worsening of
symptoms.
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Depersonalization disorder - Symptoms
Occasional moments of mild
depersonalization are normal;Simeon,
D., Abugel, J. (2006). Feeling Unreal:
Depersonalization Disorder and the
Loss of the Self. New York, NY: Oxford
University Press. (p. 3) strong, severe,
persistent, or recurrent feelings are
not.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Assessment
1
No laboratory test for depersonalization
disorder currently
exists.Depersonalization Disorder,
([http://www.psychiatryonline.com/cont
ent.aspx?aID=9816 DSM-IV 300.6,
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition])
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Depersonalization disorder - Assessment
1
The diagnosis of DPD can be made with the use of
the following interviews and scales:
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Depersonalization disorder - Assessment
The Structured Clinical Interview for
DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D)
is widely used, especially in research
settings. This interview takes about 30
minutes to 1.5 hours, depending on
individual's experiences.Steinberg M:
[http://www.appi.org/set.cfm?id=8862
Interviewers Guide to the Structured
Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D)].
Washington, DC, American Psychiatric
Press, 1994.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Assessment
1
The Dissociative Experiences Scale
(DES) is a simple, quick, selfadministered questionnaire that has
been widely used to measure
dissociative symptoms. It has been
used in hundreds of dissociative
studies, and can detect
depersonalization and derealization
experiences.Simeon and Abugel p. 734
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Depersonalization disorder - Assessment
1
The Dissociative Disorders Interview
Schedule (DDIS) is a highly structured
interview which makes DSM-IV
diagnoses of somatization disorder,
borderline personality disorder and
major depressive disorder, as well as
all the dissociative disorders
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Depersonalization disorder - Assessment
1
The project was conducted in the hope
that it would stimulate further scientific
investigations into depersonalization
disorder.
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Depersonalization disorder - Diagnosis
1
Depersonalization disorder is classified
differently in the DSM-IV-TR and in the
ICD-10: In the DSM-IV-TR this disorder it
is seen as a dissociative disorder; in the
ICD-10 as an independent neurotic
disorder. Whether depersonalization
disorder should be characterized as a
dissociative disorder can be discussed; it
relies very much upon how dissociative is
being described.
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
1
The diagnostic criteria defined in section
300.6 of the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders are as follows:
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
1
# Longstanding or recurring feelings
of being detached from one's mental
processes or body, as if one is
observing them from the outside or in
a dream.
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
1
# Reality testing is
unimpaired during
depersonalization
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
1
# Depersonalization causes significant
difficulties or distress at work, or social
and other important areas of life
functioning.
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
1
# Depersonalization does not only
occur while the individual is
experiencing another mental
disorder, and is not associated with
substance use or a medical illness.
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
1
The DSM-IV-TR specifically recognizes
three possible additional features of
depersonalization disorder:
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
# Derealization,
experiencing the
external world as strange
or unreal.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
# A sense that other people
seem unfamiliar or mechanical.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - DSM-IV-TR
1
Dissociation is defined as a disruption in the
usually integrated functions of
consciousness, memory, identity and
perception, leading to a fragmentation of the
coherence, unity and continuity of the sense
of self. Depersonalisation is a particular type
of dissociation involving a disrupted
integration of self-perceptions with the sense
of self, so that individuals experiencing
depersonalisation are in a subjective state of
feeling estranged, detached or disconnected
from their own being.
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Depersonalization disorder - ICD-10
1
:* depersonalization symptoms, i.e. the
individual feels that his or her feelings
and/or experiences are detached, distant,
etc.
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Depersonalization disorder - ICD-10
1
:* derealization symptoms, i.e. objects,
people, and/or surroundings seem
unreal, distant, artificial, colourless,
lifeless, etc.
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Depersonalization disorder - ICD-10
1
:2. an acceptance that this is a subjective
and spontaneous change, not imposed by
outside forces or other people (i.e. insight)
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Depersonalization disorder - ICD-10
1
The diagnosis should not be given in
certain specified conditions, for
instance when intoxicated by alcohol
or drugs, or together with
schizophrenia, mood disorders and
anxiety
disorders.http://www.who.int/classifi
cations/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf
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Depersonalization disorder - Causes
People who live in highly
individualistic cultures may be more
vulnerable to depersonalization, due
to threat hypersensitivity and an
external locus of control.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Causes
One cognitive behavioral
conceptualization is that misinterpreting
normally transient dissociative symptoms
as an indication of severe mental illness or
neurological impairment leads to the
development of the chronic disorder. This
leads to a vicious cycle of heightened
anxiety and symptoms of
depersonalization and derealization.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Causes
1
In a similar test of emotional memory,
depersonalization disorder patients did
not process emotionally salient
material in the same way as did healthy
controls
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Depersonalization disorder - Causes
Depersonalization disorder may be
associated with dysregulation of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the
area of the brain involved in the fight-orflight response. Patients demonstrate
abnormal cortisol levels and basal activity.
Studies found that patients with DPD could
be distinguished from patients with clinical
depression and posttraumatic stress
disorder.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Causes
1
The symptoms are sometimes described
by sufferers from neurological organic
diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis
(MS), neuroborreliosis (Lyme disease),
etc., that directly affect brain tissue.
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Depersonalization disorder - Causes
It has been thought that
depersonalization has been caused by
a biological response to dangerous or
life-threatening situations which
causes heightened senses and
emotional neutrality. If this response is
applied in real life, non-threatening
situations, the result can be shocking
to the individual.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Causes
In some cases, the Effects of
cannabis|use of cannabis can lead to
dissociation (psychology)|dissociative
states such as depersonalization and
derealization.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Prevalence
Depersonalization can begin
episodically, and later become
continuous at constant or varying
intensity.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Prevalence
Patients with drug-induced
depersonalization do not appear to be a
clinically separate group from those with a
non-drug precipitant.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Relation to other psychiatric disorders
Researchers at the Institute of
Psychiatry in London, England
suggest depersonalization disorder be
placed with anxiety and mood
disorders, as in the ICD-10, instead of
with dissociative disorders as in the
DSM-IV-TR.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Treatment
A variety of
psychotherapy|psychotherapeutic
techniques have been used to treat
depersonalization disorder, such as
cognitive behavioral therapy
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Cognitive behavior therapy
1
An open study of cognitive behavior
therapy has aimed to help patients
reinterpret their symptoms in a
nonthreatening way, leading to an
improvement on several standardized
measures
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Depersonalization disorder - Medications
In a retrospective report of 117 subjects
with DPD, 18 of 35 benzodiazepine
subjects reported slight or definite
improvement with benzodiazepines and
clonazepam in particular. Benzodiazepines
are not known to reduce Dissociation
(psychology)|dissociative symptoms;
however, they do target the often comorbid
anxiety and stress experienced by those
with DPD and, thus, lead to global
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Medications
1
A series of small studies have suggested a
possible role of selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors in treating primary
depersonalization disorder
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Depersonalization disorder - Medications
1
Three individuals were very much
improved, another one was much
improved, and on average a 30%
decrease in depersonalization
symptoms was reported
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Depersonalization disorder - Medications
1
As noted above, clonazepam itself is a
potential treatment for
depersonalization, and hydroxyzine
has been shown to be an effective
anxiolytic
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Depersonalization disorder - Medications
1
Modafinil used alone has been reported
to be effective in a subgroup of
individuals with depersonalization
disorder; the subgroup of people with
depersonalization disorder most likely
to respond are those who have
attentional impairments, under-arousal
and hypersomnia. However, clinical
trials have not been conducted. Dr.
Evan Torch calls a combination of an
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Depersonalization disorder - Transcranial magnetic stimulation
A 2011 study has shown positive
effects from transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) to treat
depersonalization disorder. Currently,
however, the FDA has not approved
TMS to treat depersonalization
disorder.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - History
1
The word depersonalization itself was first
used by Henri Frédéric Amiel in The
Journal Intime. The July 8, 1880 entry
reads:
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Depersonalization disorder - History
1
I find myself regarding existence as
though from beyond the tomb, from
another world; all is strange to me; I
am, as it were, outside my own body
and individuality; I am
depersonalized, detached, cut adrift.
Is this
madness?[http://www.gutenberg.org/
dirs/etext05/8ajrn10.txt Henri
Frédéric Amiel's The Journal Intime]
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Depersonalization disorder - History
Depersonalization was first used as a
clinical term by Ludovic Dugas in 1898 to
refer to a state in which there is the feeling
or sensation that thoughts and acts elude
the self and become strange; there is an
Social alienation|alienation of personality –
in other words a depersonalization. This
description refers to personalization as a
psychical synthesis of attribution of states
to the self.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - History
Pierre Janet approached the theory by
pointing out his patients with clear sensory
pathology did not complain of symptoms of
unreality, and that those who suffered from
depersonalization were normal from a
sensory viewpoint.
1
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Depersonalization disorder - History
1
On depersonalization
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Depersonalization disorder - History
Freudian theory is the basis for the
description of depersonalization as a
dissociative reaction, placed within the
category of psychoneurotic disorders,
in the first two editions of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders.Simeon and Abugel p.
12 58
1
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Depersonalization disorder - History
1
The problem with properly defining
depersonalization also lies within the
understanding of what reality actually
is
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Depersonalization disorder - Depersonalization and meditation
1
The outcome of one study on meditation and
depersonalization concluded the following
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Depersonalization disorder - Depersonalization and meditation
* The meditator's understanding and
meaning regarding the experience of
depersonalization will greatly determine
whether anxiety is present as part of the
experience
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Depersonalization and meditation
* The meditator's social or
occupational functioning as a result of
depersonalization need not have
significant anxiety or impairment
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Depersonalization and meditation
1
* The meditator's depersonalized state can
become a permanent mode of functioning
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Depersonalization disorder - Depersonalization and meditation
* People who wish to reduce
Depersonalization Disorder may be
treated by changing the meanings
associated with depersonalization in
the mind of the patient, thereby
reducing anxiety and functional
impairmentR. Castillo,
Depersonalization and Meditation,
Psychiatry_, Vol. 53, May 1990, pages
158–167
1
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Depersonalization disorder - Society and culture
1
The song Is Happiness Just A Word? by
Hip-Hop artist and rapper Vinnie Paz
describes his struggle with
Depersonalization disorder.
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Personalization
'Personalization' involves using technology to
accommodate the differences between individuals.
1
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Personalization - Definition
1
Personalization technology enables the
dynamic insertion, customization or
suggestion of content in any format
that is relevant to the individual user,
based on the user’s implicit behaviour
and preferences, and explicitly given
details.
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Personalization - Definition
1
– personalization doesn’t just have to be
product recommendations: it can also
include inserting any content like images
or text (e.g. displaying a golf-orientated
banner for a returning golf supplies buyer),
or customizing content that is already
there (e.g. “Hi Joe, we’ve got some great
movie suggestions for you!”).
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Personalization - Definition
1
'“…in any format”' – it isn’t restricted to the
web. It can be implemented for any
medium or touchpoint, such as emails,
apps, instore kiosks, etc.
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Personalization - Definition
1
'“…that is relevant to the individual user,
based on the user’s implicit behaviour and
preferences, and explicitly given details”' –
finally, the most important part.
Personalization uses both implicit and
explicit information, derived in two ways.
Firstly, a visitor might explicitly declare
some information, such as their gender or
date of birth.
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Personalization - Web pages
1
Web pages are personalized based on
the characteristics (interests, social
category, context, ...) of an individual.
Personalization implies that the
changes are based on implicit data,
such as items purchased or pages
viewed. The term customization is
used instead when the site only uses
explicit data such as ratings or
preferences.
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Personalization - Web pages
On an intranet or B2E Web
portal#Enterprise Web portals|Enterprise
Web portals, 'personalization' is often
based on user attributes such as
department, functional area, or role. The
term 'customization' in this context refers
to the ability of users to modify the page
layout or specify what content should be
displayed.
1
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Personalization - Web pages
1
# Profile / Group based
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Personalization - Web pages
1
# Behaviour based (also known
as Wisdom of the Crowds)
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Personalization - Web pages
1
Web personalization models include
Logic programming|rules-based
filtering, based on if this, then that
rules processing, and collaborative
filtering, which serves relevant
material to customers by combining
their own personal preferences with
the preferences of like-minded others
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Personalization - Web pages
With implicit personalization the
personalization is performed by the
web page (or information system)
based on the different categories
mentioned above. With explicit
personalization, the web page (or
information system) is changed by the
user using the features provided by
the system.
1
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Personalization - Web pages
1
Many companies offer services for web
recommendation and email
recommendation that are based on
personalization or anonymously
collected user
behaviors.[http://online.wsj.com/article/
SB1000142405274870329490457538553
2109190198.html?mod=googlenews_ws
j Wall Street Journal, “On the Web's
Cutting Edge, Anonymity in Name
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Personalization - Web pages
1
Web personalization is closely linked to
the notion of 'Adaptive hypermedia'
(AH). The main difference is that the
former would usually work on what is
considered an Open Corpus
Hypermedia, whilst the latter would
traditionally work on Closed Corpus
Hypermedia. However, recent research
directions in the AH domain take both
closed and open corpus into account.
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Personalization - Web pages
It uses personalization as a tool that
supports modern forms of TV usage, by
allowing users to create different profiles
for each family member, personalized
menu structures and fingerprint
recognition.[http://www.digitaltveurope.net/
news_articles/mar_10/23_mar_10/ruwido_
wins_virgin_media_contract,_announces_
new_voco_apps Ruwido Wins Virgin
Media Contract, Announces New Voco
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https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Personalization - Web pages
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Internet activist Eli Pariser has documented
that search engines like Google and Yahoo
News give different results to different people
(even when logged out). He also points out
social media site Facebook changes user's
friend feeds based on what it thinks they want
to see. Pariser warns that these algorithms
can create a filter bubble that prevents
people from encountering a diversity of
viewpoints beyond their own, or which only
presents facts which confirm their existing
views.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Personalization - Digital media
Another aspect of personalization is
the increasing prevalence of open data
on the Web. Many companies make
their data available on the Web via
APIs, web services, and open data
standards. Ordnance Survey Open Data
This data is structured to allow it to be
inter-connected and re-used by third
parties.
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Personalization - Digital media
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Data available from a user’s personal
social graph can be accessed by thirdparty application software to be suited
to fit the personalized web page or
information appliance.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Personalization - Digital media
Current open data
standards on the Web
include:
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Personalization - Digital media
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# Attention Profiling Mark-up
Language (APML)
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Personalization - Mobile phones
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Over time mobile phones have seen an
increased emphasis placed on user
personalization
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Personalization - Television
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Personalization on the TV can occur
on TV apps or on the set top box user
interface. Most forms of
personalization occur with
recommendations. For instance, a TV
app may recommend certain TV
shows based on user behaviour or
collaborative filtering.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Personalization - Print media
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In print media, ranging from magazines to
admail|promotional publications,
personalization uses databases of
individual recipients’ information. Not only
does the written document address itself
by name to the reader, but the advertising
is targeted to the recipient’s demographics
or interests using fields within the
database, such as first name, last name,
company, etc.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Personalization - Print media
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The term personalization should not
be confused with variable data, which
is a much more granular method of
marketing that leverages both images
and text with the medium, not just
fields within a database. Although
personalized children's books are
created by companies who are using
and leveraging all the strengths of
variable data printing| variable data
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Personalization - Print media
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With the advent of online 3D printing
services such as Shapeways and
Ponoko we are seeing personalization
enter into the realms of product
design.
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Personalization - Promotional merchandise
Promotional items (mugs, T-shirts,
keychains, balls etc.) are regularly
personalized. Personalized children’s
storybooks — wherein the child becomes
the protagonist, with the name and image
of the child personalized — are also
popular. Personalized CDs for children
also exist. With the advent of digital
printing, personalized calendars that start
in any month, birthday cards, cards, e1
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Personalization - Mass personalization
The main difference between mass
customization and mass personalization is
that customization is the ability for a
company to give its customers an
opportunity to create and choose product
to certain specifications, but does have
limits.Haag et al., Management
Information Systems for the Information
Age, 3rd edition, 2006, page 331
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Personalization - Mass personalization
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A website knowing a user's location, and
buying habits, will present offers and
suggestions tailored to the user's
demographics; this is an example of
mass personalization. The
personalization is not individual but
rather the user is first classified and then
the personalization is based on the group
they belong to.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddri
nk/9808015/How-supermarkets-prop-upour-class-system.html
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Personalization - Predictive personalization
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Predictive personalization is defined as the
ability to predict customer behavior, needs
or wants - and tailor offers and
communications very precisely. Social
data is one source of providing this
predictive analysis, particularly social data
that is structured. Predictive
personalization is a much more recent
means of personalization and can be used
well to augment current personalization
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
CRM WebClient UI - Personalization
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Most of the functions to personalize the
CRM WebClient UI are conveniently
accessible on the central personalization
page. The central personalization page
can be started by clicking Personalize in
the header area of CRM WebClient UI.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Cross-media marketing - Real Time Personalization and Variable Data Printing
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After a real time personalization search, a
business plan is created to fit each potential
customer
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Cross-media marketing - Real Time Personalization and Variable Data Printing
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Variable Data Printing (VDP) constantly
modernizes and enhances the
communication between the marketing
comppopany and their customers. In
addition, if a campaign is personalized
and directed to a specific audience, then
more customers will typically buy the
product. Therefore, VDP creates a cycle
of increases profitability, raising brand
awareness, and gaining prospective
sales. All of these elements are needed to
enhance the marketing of
products.Michelson Managing Partnet, p.
2.
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Pseudoscientific - Personalization of issues
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* Tight social groups and authoritarian
personality, suppression of dissent, and
groupthink can enhance the adoption of
beliefs that have no rational basis. In
attempting to confirm their beliefs, the
group tends to identify their critics as
enemies.
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Pseudoscientific - Personalization of issues
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* Assertion of claims of a conspiracy on
the part of the scientific community to
suppress the resultse.g.
[http://archivefreedom.org/
archivefreedom.org] which claims that
The list of suppressed scientists even
includes Nobel Laureates!
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Pseudoscientific - Personalization of issues
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* Attacking the motives or character of
anyone who questions the claims (see
ad hominem|Ad hominem
fallacy)Devilly (2005) op cit. e.g.
[http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/pers
on.html Philosophy 103: Introduction to
Logic Argumentum Ad Hominem].
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Schizoid personality - Depersonalization
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It is experienced most profoundly when
anxieties seem overwhelming and is a
more extreme form of loss of affect:
whereas the loss of affect is a more
chronic state in schizoid personality
disorder, depersonalization is an acute
defense against more immediate
experiences of overwhelming anxiety or
danger.
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Personalized - Mass personalization
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International Journal of Collaborative
Engineering, 1(2): 152-167 The main
difference between mass
customization and mass
personalization is that customization
is the ability for a company to give its
customers an opportunity to create
and choose product to certain
specifications, but does have
limits.Haag et al., Management
Information Systems for the
Information Age, 3rd edition, 2006,
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List of features removed in Windows 8 - Appearance and personalization
* The Windows Aero#Aero Glass
theme|Aero Glass theme is replaced
by a new theme with a flatter visual
appearance in line with Metro (design
language)|Metro design language.
This is intended to prevent
skeuomorphism. Aside from the
taskbar, the new theme uses fewer
transparency effects than the previous
Glass theme.
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List of features removed in Windows 8 - Appearance and personalization
* The Windows XP themes#Windows
Classic|Windows Classic theme is
removed. High-contrast themes (which
previously used the Classic appearance)
are modified to use visual styles.
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List of features removed in Windows 8 - Appearance and personalization
* Advanced appearance settings...,
once found in Personalization\Window
Color and Appearance part of Control
Panel is removed.
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List of features removed in Windows 8 - Appearance and personalization
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* Sample pictures, sample music
clips, sample video clip and preset
user account pictures (a form of
Avatar (computing)|avatar) are no
longer available.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
List of features removed in Windows 8 - Appearance and personalization
* The sound schemes that were first
included with Windows 7: Afternoon,
Calligraphy, Characters, Cityscape, Delta,
Festival, Garden, Heritage, Landscape,
Quirky, Raga, Savanna and Sonata are all
no longer available; only the folders
remain in C:\Windows\Media, and they are
empty.
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List of features removed in Windows 7 - Personalization
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* In the Personalization control panel, it is
not possible to save changes to an
existing theme. Changes made after
choosing a theme must be saved again
and the original theme deleted to prevent
duplication. In previous versions of
Windows, a theme file could be
overwritten with the modified theme.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
List of features removed in Windows 7 - Personalization
* It is no longer possible to change a
theme's visual style, like from Windows
Aero to Windows Classic, directly.
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List of features removed in Windows 7 - Personalization
* The Aurora, Windows Energy and
Windows Logo screensavers and most of
the Computer wallpaper|wallpapers that
shipped with Windows Vista were
removed.
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List of features removed in Windows 7 - Personalization
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* The 3D-Bronze, 3D-White, Conductor,
Dinosaur, Hands 1, Hands 2, Variations
and Windows Animated cursor schemes
are no longer available.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
List of features removed in Windows 7 - Personalization
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* ClearType cannot be turned off entirely in
order for the user interface font, Segoe UI, to
maintain optimal design for certain shell
components and Windows
Explorer.[http://blogs.msdn.com/e7/archive/2
009/06/23/engineering-changes-to-cleartypein-windows-7.aspx Engineering Changes to
ClearType in Windows 7] Parts of the user
interface (such as the start menu and
Explorer) still use ClearType regardless of
setting.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Browser cookies - Personalization
Cookies may be used to remember the
information about the user who has visited
a website in order to show relevant
content in the future. For example a web
server might send a cookie containing the
username last used to log into a website
so that it may be filled in for future visits.
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Browser cookies - Personalization
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Many websites use cookies for
personalization based on users'
preferences
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Naltrexone - Depersonalization disorder
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Most of the efforts in studying naltrexone for
depersonalization thus far have been directed
by Dr
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Endorphins - Depersonalization disorder
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Endorphins are known to play a role in
depersonalization disorder. The opioid
antagonists naloxone and naltrexone
have both been proven to be successful
in treating depersonalization. To quote a
2001 naloxone study, In three of 14
patients, depersonalization symptoms
disappeared entirely and seven patients
showed a marked improvement. The
therapeutic effect of naloxone provides
evidence for the role of the endogenous
opioid system in the pathogenesis of
depersonalization.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
Opioid antagonist - Depersonalization disorder
The more dramatic result of naloxone
versus naltrexone is suspected to be due
to different endogenous opioid receptor
selectivity in naloxone, which is better
suited to individuals suffering from
depersonalization disorder.
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Empathic - Depersonalization
Lieutenant Colonel Dave Grossman
(author)|Dave Grossman, in his book On
Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning
to Kill in War and Society|On Killing,
suggests that military training artificially
creates depersonalization in soldiers,
suppressing empathy and making it easier
for them to kill other human beings.
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Depersonalization
Chronic depersonalization refers to
depersonalization disorder, which is
classified by the DSM-IV as a dissociative
disorder
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Depersonalization
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Depersonalization-derealization is the
single most important symptom in the
spectrum of dissociative disorders,
including dissociative identity
disorder and dissociative disorder not
otherwise specified (DD-NOS)
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Depersonalization
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In social psychology, and in particular selfcategorization theory, the term Selfcategorization
theory#Depersonalization|depersonalizatio
n has a different meaning and refers to the
stereotypical perception of the self as an
example of some defining social category.
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Depersonalization - Description
Individuals who experience
depersonalization feel divorced from their
own personal physicality by sensing their
body sensations, feelings, emotions and
behaviors as not belonging to the same
person or identity. Often a person who has
experienced depersonalization claims that
things seem unreal or hazy. Also, a
recognition of self breaks down (hence the
name). Depersonalization can result in
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Depersonalization - Description
Individuals with depersonalization often
find it hard to remember anything they saw
or experienced while in third person.
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Depersonalization - Description
Depersonalization is a subjective
experience of unreality in one's sense
of self, while derealization is unreality
of the outside world. Although most
authors currently regard
depersonalization (self) and
derealization (surroundings) as
independent constructs, many do not
want to separate derealization from
depersonalization.
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Depersonalization - Prevalence
Interoceptive exposure is a nonpharmacological method that can be
used to induce depersonalization.
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Depersonalization - Prevalence
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A similar and overlapping concept called
ipseity disturbance (ipse is Latin for “self”
or “itself”) may be part of the core process
of schizophrenia spectrum disorders
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Depersonalization - Prevalence
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A study of undergraduate students found
that individuals high on the
depersonalization/derealization subscale
of the Dissociative Experiences Scale
exhibited a more pronounced cortisol
response. Individuals high on the
absorption subscale, which measures a
subject's experiences of concentration to
the exclusion of awareness of other
events, showed weaker cortisol
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Depersonalization - Pharmacological and situational causes
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Depersonalization has been described
by some as a desirable state,
particularly by those that have
experienced it under the influence of
mood-altering recreational drugs. It is
an effect of dissociative
drug|dissociatives and psychedelics,
as well as possible side effect of
caffeine, alcohol, amphetamine,
Cannabis (drug)|cannabis, and
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Depersonalization - Pharmacological and situational causes
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Benzodiazepine dependence, which can
occur with long term use of
benzodiazepines, can induce chronic
depersonalization symptomatology and
perceptual disturbances in some people,
even in those who are taking a stable daily
dosage, and it can also become a
protracted feature of the benzodiazepine
withdrawal syndrome.
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Depersonalization - Treatment
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For those suffering from depersonalization
with migraine, tricyclic antidepressants are
often prescribed.
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Depersonalization - Treatment
If depersonalization is a symptom of
psychological causes such as
developmental trauma, treatment depends
on the diagnosis
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Depersonalization - Treatment
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A recently completed study at Columbia
University in New York City has shown
positive effects from transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) to treat
depersonalization disorder. Currently,
however, the Food and Drug
Administration|FDA has not approved TMS
to treat DP.
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Depersonalization - Treatment
A 2001 Russian study showed that
naloxone, a drug used to reverse the
intoxicating effects of opioid drugs, can
successfully treat depersonalization
disorder. According to the study: In three
of 14 patients, depersonalization
symptoms disappeared entirely and
seven patients showed a marked
improvement. The therapeutic effect of
naloxone provides evidence for the role
of the endogenous opioid system in the
pathogenesis of depersonalization.
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Depersonalization - Research
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The Depersonalisation Research Unit at
the Institute of Psychiatry in London is a
world leader in research in
depersonalization
disorder.[http://www.iop.kcl.ac.uk/iop
web/departments/home/?locator=911co
ntext=main Depersonalisation Research
Unit - Institute of Psychiatry, London]
Researchers there use the acronym
DPAFU (Depersonalisation and Feelings
of Unreality) as a shortened label for the
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List of features removed in Windows XP - Personalization
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* With the Desktop Themes utility in 2000
becoming the Themes tab in Display
Properties in XP, the Rotate theme
monthly option in Desktop Themes, which
was introduced in Microsoft Plus! 98 and
later included in Windows 2000, and both
the options to select what parts of a theme
to apply and the previews for parts of a
theme were removed.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
List of features removed in Windows XP - Personalization
* It is no longer possible to save or
delete schemes under the Appearance
tab of Display Properties.
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List of features removed in Windows XP - Personalization
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* The option to select a Pattern under the
Background (2000)/Desktop (XP) tab of
Display Properties was removed.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-personalization-toolkit.html
List of features removed in Windows XP - Personalization
* The 3D Maze (possibly due to the
Microsoft Windows|Windows logo
having been changed, although the
Wingdings font with the old Windows
logo is still present) and Channel
Screen Saver screensavers were
removed. The 3D Pipes teapot Easter
egg (media)|easter egg also no longer
works on Windows XP.
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