Download Biodiversity loss

Environmental Science
Chapter 7 – Biodiversity and Conservation
The Central Case
 Saving the Siberian Tiger
Big Question: Why is it
important to protect
biodiversity?
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Objectives:
 1. Differentiate the components of
biodiversity
 2. Explain 2 ways in which biodiversity
varies across groups or geography
 3. Describe the economic benefits of
biodiversity
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Classifying species
 _____________________ are scientists that
classify species according _______________
and _______________ _________________.
 7 classifications from broadest to most
specific: ________________, ______________,
_____________, _________________,
_____________, ______________, and
___________________.
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
_________________ __________________ is used to
identify inter-related species.
- For example humans binomial nomenclature is:
_______________ __________.
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Family:
 Genus:
 Species:
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 ____________________ is a population of organisms
that has genetically based characteristics, such as
size or color, that differ from members of the same
species in a different area.
 can interbreed if they live in the same habitat.
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 ________________________ describes the variety of
life across all levels of ecological organization
 3 parts to biodiversity:
__________________________,
___________________________, and
___________________________.
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Species diversity
 __________________ ___________________ is the
number or variety of species in a particular region.
 Speciation generates new species in an area, adding
to species diversity, while extinction decreases
species diverstiy.
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Genetic diversity
 _________________ ________________
describes the differences in DNA among
individuals within species and populations.
 Allows __________________ to local
conditions.
 Ex:
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Ecosystem diversity
 _____________________ ________________
describes the number and variety of
ecosystems within a given area.
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 How do scientists come up with
precise ways to express a region’s
biodiversity???
 How do we measure biodiversity??
 Scientists estimate there exists between 3 million to
100 million different species on Earth.
 Best guess estimates range between 5 and 30
million.
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Why is there such a big range?
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Benefits of biodiversity
 Biodiversity and ecosystem services
 Ex:
 Biodiversity and Ecosystem functions
 Resistant ecosystem:
 Resilient ecosystem:
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Biodiversity and Agriculture
 Ex:
 Biodiversity and Medicine
 Ex:
Section 1: What is
biodiversity?
 Biodiversity, Tourism, and Recreation
 Ex:
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 Objectives:
 1. Describe how biodiversity is monitored and
explain current biodiversity trends
 2. List the major causes of biodiversity loss
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 Biodiversity loss
 What do you think is the greatest
factor influencing biodiversity loss
throughout history???
 Now, share with a neighbor………
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 _____________________ describes the
disappearance of a particular
population from a given area, but not
of the entire species from Earth.
 _______________________ - the pace at
which species naturally go extinct.
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 _________________________ results when
extinction occurs at a rate faster than the
background rate of extinction.
 These have occurred at least _________ times
in Earth’s history.
 The sixth mass extinction??????
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 How do scientists categorize the risk of
biodiversity loss?
 An ___________________ is one that is
at serious risk of extinction.
 A ____________________ is one that is
likely to become endangered soon.
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 ICUN:
 ICUN Red List of Threatened Species
 WWF:
 UNEP:
 Living Planet Index:
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 Causes of biodiversity loss





1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 Habitat change and loss
 ________________________ describes
the division of a habitat into smaller
patches.
 This is the greatest cause of biodiversity
loss today
 _______% of threatened mammals and
 _______% of threatened birds
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 Invasive Species
 These can drive a native species to
extinction.
 Pollution
 ______________, _______________,
______________ and
___________________that pollute air and
water can poison people and wildlife
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 Overharvesting
 Occurs when humans ___________,
_________, or ___________ a species
faster than it can replenish its
population.
 Examples:
 ____________: the illegal capture or
killing of an organism
Section 2: Extinction and
Biodiversity Loss
 Climate Change
 This has more of a global effect rather
than a local effect
 Ex:
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 Objectives
 1. Explain legal actions nations can take
to protect biodiversity
 2. Explain the goal of Species Survival
Plans.
 3. Describe three strategies for managing
whole ecosystems and habitats.
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 Whose responsibility is it to protect
biodiversity?
 Should something be done LEGALLY
to protect biodiversity?
 If so, who then, enforces these laws?
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 The Endangered Species Act (ESA)
 Passed in ____________ by the _______.
 3 major parts:
 1.
 2.
 3.
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 Benefits and Costs of the ESA
 Benefits:
 1.
 2.
 Costs
 1.
 2.
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 International Cooperation
 Supported by the _______________________.
 CITES:
 The Biodiversity Treaty:
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 Approaches of the ESA
 1. Single-Species Approaches
 ____________________________ - the
process of breeding and raising
organisms in controlled conditions
 Zoos and aquariums
 __________________________________
 ________________
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 Ecosystem and Habitat Approaches
 The ESA does NOT specifically protect
whole habitats and ecosystems
 BUT, conservationists are now moving
beyond single species approaches.
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 ___________________________ - an
area that both supports an especially
high number of endangered species
AND is rapidly losing biodiversity
 A species is __________________ to an
area if it is found NOWHERE else in
the world
 Conservation International
Section 3: Protecting
Biodiversity
 Economic Approaches
 Debt-for-nature swap:
 Conservation concession:
 Wildlife Corridors