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Introduction to the Human Body Slide 1 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Basic Organization Cells Tissue Organs Systems Organisms. Slide 2 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Cells Cells are the building blocks of multicellular animals. Slide 3 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Tissue Tissues are groups of similar cells. 4 Types: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 4 of 23 End Show Epithelial Tissue Cover the inner and outer body surfaces Some produce secretions – mucus and digestive enzymes Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5 of 23 End Show Connective Tissue Connect other tissues to each other Solid – bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments Fluid – blood and lymph Slide 6 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Muscle Tissue Contract and shorten to create movement Slide 7 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Nerve Tissue Send messages Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. Slide 8 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Organs Groups of different types of tissues specialized to carry out a particular function. Ex. Heart – pumps blood Slide 9 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Organ Systems Group of organs having related functions. Ex. – Circulatory System – heart, arteries, veins, blood, capillaries Slide 10 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System Slide 11 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System The Integumentary System The skin, hair, nails, and a variety of glands make up the integumentary system. The skin is the largest organ in the body. Slide 12 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System The Integumentary System Functions of skin: • a barrier against infection and injury. • regulates body temperature. • removes wastes. • protection against ultraviolet light. Slide 13 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System The Skin The Skin The skin is made up of two main layers—the epidermis and the dermis. Beneath the dermis is a layer of fat that insulates the body. Slide 14 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System Structures of the Skin Nerves Sweat pore The Skin Blood Hair vessels Sebaceous gland Hair follicle Epidermis Dermis Muscle Sweat gland Hypodermis Fat Slide 15 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System The Skin Epidermis (outer layer) The epidermis has two parts: • The outer layer is dead cells. • The inner layer is living cells. Slide 16 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System The Skin Older cells make keratin, a tough protein that forms a waterproof covering on the skin’s surface. The epidermis also produces melanin, a dark brown pigment that protects the skin from sun damage. Slide 17 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System The Skin Dermis (inner layer) The dermis contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, smooth muscles, and hair follicles. Slide 18 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System The Skin The dermis contains two major types of glands: • sweat glands – removes wastes & cools body • sebaceous, or oil, glands – lubricates skin Slide 19 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System Hair and Nails Hair Hair covers most body surfaces: • protects the scalp from ultraviolet light • provides insulation from the cold. • prevents dirt particles from entering the body. • Composed of dead cells with keratin in them. Slide 20 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 The Integumentary System Hair and Nails Nails Nails grow from cells dividing in the nail root. Nail cells fill with keratin and produce a platelike nail that covers and protects the fingertips and toes. Slide 21 of 23 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 36–3 Keratin provides a. insulation. b. a waterproof covering. c. pigmentation. d. protection from UV radiation. Slide 22 of 23 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 36–3 The dermis contains two types of glands: sweat glands and a. sebaceous glands. b. pigment glands. c. hair follicles. d. dermal glands. Slide 23 of 23 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 36–3 All of the following are found in the dermis EXCEPT a. nerve endings. b. blood vessels. c. sebaceous glands. d. melanocytes. Slide 24 of 23 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 36–3 The function of melanin is to a. help control the rate of heat loss by the skin. b. produce sweat. c. produce a waterproof covering on the surface of the skin. d. absorb harmful UV radiation. Slide 25 of 23 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 36–3 The basic structure of human hair and nails is a. melanin. b. sebum. c. keratin. d. dermal cells. Slide 26 of 23 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall