Download PARTS OF SPEECH (JENIS-JENIS KATA) “Parts of speech” are the

PARTS OF SPEECH
important
(JENIS-JENIS KATA)
“Parts of speech” are the basic types of words that English has.
Most grammar books say that there are eight parts of
speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions,
prepositions and interjections. We will add one more type: articles.
It is important to be able to recognize and identify the
different types of words in English, so that you can understand
grammar explanations and use the right word form in the right
place. Here is a brief explanation of what the parts of speech are:
Noun
Verb
Adjective
A noun is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing,
idea, living creature, quality, or action.
Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness,
arrival
A verb is a word which describes an action (doing something)
or a state (being something).
Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want
An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you
something about the noun.
Examples: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick,
Adverb
An adverb is a word which usually describes a verb. It tells you
how something is done. It may also tell you when or where
something happened.
Examples: slowly, intelligently, well, yesterday, tomorrow,
here, everywhere
Pronoun
A pronoun is used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the
noun.
Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Conjunction
A conjunction joins two words, phrases or sentences together.
Examples: but, so, and, because, or
Preposition
A preposition usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun
phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence.
Examples: on, in, by, with, under, through, at
Interjection
An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often
stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion
or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation
marks.
Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!
Article
An article is used to introduce a noun.
Examples: the, a, an
Parts of Speech Quiz
Decide which parts of speech are the underlined words
1. You have to believe in yourself if you ever expect to be
successful at something.
2. We left for the mountain just before six in the morning.
3. We first went to the store to buy a few things
4. We had a breakfast at a café near the rail station
5. My friend wasn't strong enough to lift his heavy rucksack
6. I helped him carry it.
7. The weather was very cold
8. My friend said, "Oh! What a cold weather!"
9. The weather was very cold
10. We didn't spend the night there
11. Ater lunch let’s go out for a coffee
12. I left my shoes under the kitchen table
13. What! My car is new?
14. Andrew knocked the door, but no one answered
15. You have a pink shirt?
I
NOUNS
A. Nouns
 A noun is the name of a person, place, thing,
or idea.
 Whatever exists, we assume, can be named,
and that name is a noun.
 A proper noun, which names a specific
person, place, or thing (Carlos, Queen
Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem,
Malaysia, Presbyterianism, God, Spanish,
Buddhism, the Republican Party), is almost
always capitalized.
 Common nouns name everything else,
things that usually are not capitalized.
Generally nouns are divided into:
1. Countable
Countable/count nouns are words which can
be counted. They have singular form and
plural form. They usually refer to things.
Most countable nouns become plural by
adding an “s” at the end of the world.
......
Teeth
Singular
Dictionary
Plural
Dictionaries
......
Feet
Tree
Trees
......
Leaves
Stone
Stones
Man
......
Woman
......
.......
data
Note:
 Use singular noun after the words (a/ an, one, this,
that, a single, another, each)
e.g an insect, a car, each students
 When a nouns refer to more than one person or thing,
it is plural. The plural form of most noun is made by
adding s/-es to the singular. However there are some
exceptions
Singular
Baby
Plural
.......
........
Wives
Ox
......
Child
.......
Mouse
......
 We can use some and any with countable nouns:
 I've got some dollars.
 Have you got any pens?
 We can use a few and many with countable nouns:
 I've got a few dollars.
 I haven't got many pens.
2. Uncountable
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot
divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example,
we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of
milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more
uncountable nouns:






music, art, love, happiness
advice, information, news
furniture, luggage
rice, sugar, butter, water
electricity, gas, power
money, currency
note
battery
Electricity
bottle
Wine
report
information
tip
Advice
journey
travel
job
work
view
scenery
We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:


I've got some money.
Have you got any rice?
We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:


I've got a little money.
I haven't got much rice.
Here are some more examples of countable and uncountable nouns:
Countable Uncountable
dollar
Money
song
Music
suitcase
Luggage
table
Furniture
I.
Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or
uncountable (U)
1.
2.
3.
4.
The children are playing in the garden
I don't like milk
I prefer tea.
Scientists say that the environment is threatened by
pollution.
5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes.
6. We need some glue to fix this vase.
7. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional.
8. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning.
II
9. The bread my mother prepares is delicious.
VERBS
10. Drivers must be careful; the road is slippery.
Verbs carry the idea of being or action in the sentence.
11. Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any
accidents.
12. I bought three bottles of mineral water for our picnic.
BASE FORM
INFINITIVE
GERUND
SIMPLE PAST
Cook
Sing
Go
To cook
To sing
To go
Cooking
Singing
Going
Cooked
Sang
Went
13. Successful candidates will join the camp later this year.
14. A rise in oil prices is inevitable since there is more and more
world demand for energy.
15. The exercises on this website are interesting
PAST
PARTICIPLE
Cooked
Sung
Gone
Functions:
1.Infinitive:
II.
Error recognition
1. Cone shells live in much different seas and feed mainly on small
fish and worms.
2. The leaves of the common sunflower are rough to the touch on
both side
3. Haemoglobin enables the red blood cells to carry oxygen and
small numbers of carbon dioxide.
4. Another great artists of the time and possibly the most gifted
silversmith in the colonies was Paul Revere
5. Most housewifes prefer to have part-time jobs.

First and foremost, an infinitive is the form of the verb, but it is
not a verb.

Second, an infinitive can be a noun, an adjective or an adverb.

And finally, it is always "to" plus a verb.

Infinitive is used for showing a purposes
(My mother wakes up early because she want to prepare our
breakfast)

Examples: -students need to learn parts of speech
-The ants have arrived to grab the leftovers from the
picnic
-That attorney has the right to represent you.
-To sleep is the only thing Eli wants after his
double shift waiting tables at the
neighborhood café.
-To learn is important. SUBJECT OF SENTENCE
-The most important thing is to learn. COMPLEMENT OF
3.Past Participle
A past participle indicates past or completed action or time. It is
often called the 'ed' form as it is formed by adding d or ed, to the
base form of regular verbs, however it is also formed in various
other ways for irregular verbs.
There are three main uses for past participles in English:
SENTENCE
-He wants to learn. OBJECT OF SENTENCE
1. Perfect Tenses - I have broken my arm.
2. Adjectives: My window is broken.
2. Gerund/Ving
A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The
gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as
the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. Usually
gerund form after prepositions
Examples:
3. The Passive Voice: My window was brokenby that boy with the
rock. (Learn about the passive voice in the Green Level.)
Don't confuse the past participle with the present participle or
continuous form: breaking
EXERCISES FOR VERB
Direction: identify these sentences into correct or in correct then
make it correct

Reading helps you learn English. SUBJECT OF SENTENCE
1..... He is already two years old, but he still can not to walk

Her favorite hobby is reading. COMPLEMENT OF SENTENCE
2..... He comes here working not to spend leisure time

I enjoy reading. OBJECT OF SENTENCE

Are the students interested in joining the competition?
3..... Experts are sent to the stunami-stricken province to rebuild the
region
4. ......It’s easy to understand why he was angry
5........ It’s wrong by lifting a cat by its ears and legs.
6......Instead of study for his exm, he watched TV until late at night
7.....Tthe students had registering for classes before the semester
started
8......My brother enjoyed the meal at the party last night
9.... They move to LA in 2004
10... He has benn sick for four days. I think he must to see a doctor