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ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE
Reproductive System
I. MALE
●
1. Consists of organs that together produce ______________________________
○a.
●
Male Organs (essential)
b. Accessory organs
2. DUCTS OF TESTES
○Glands
●a.
●b.
●c.
●d.
3. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
●
●
a. External -b. Internal --
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4. TESTES
●A.
Structure and Location
○1)
○2)
○3)
Testes are located in the scrotum.
B. Functions of Spermatogenesis
○1)
○2)
•
______________________________– Primary Sex Hormone
C. Structure of the Spermazoan
●1. Consists of a head covered by ________________________________, a neck
a midpiece and a tail which is divided into a principle part and short end
part
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5. GENITAL DUCTS
●A) Epididymis –
•Anatomically divided into __________________________________________
3 FUNCTIONS OF EPIDIDYMIS
●a.
●b.
●c.
●B) Vas Deferens -- (a.k.a. =____________________________________________)
○1. A tube extending from the epididymis, it extends through the inguinal canal
into the abdominal cavity over the top and down the posterior surface of
the bladder
○2. Enlarged terminal portion called ______________________________
2 FUNCTIONS OF THE VAS DEFERENS
●
●
a.
b.
C) Ejaculatory Duct
●1. Formed by the union of the vas deferens with a duct from the seminal
vesicle, it passes through the prostrate gland terminating in the urethra
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6. ACCESSORY REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS
●1)
○ 1. Structure, Location, and Function
•a.
•b.
FUNCTION:
●2) Prostate Gland
○1.
○2. FUNCTION:
●3)
○1. A small pea-shaped structure with one inch long ducts leading into the
urethra, lies just below the prostate
○2. FUNCTION:
7. EXTERNAL SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
●1)
○ 1.
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○ 2. Divided into 2 compartments:
•a.
●2) Penis
○1.
•
•
a.
b.
›Contains the ___________________________________
○2. Sensory nerves found in
8. INTERNAL SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
●1)
○1.
○2.
9. COMPOSITION AND COURSE OF SEMEN
●A.
Consists of secretions from the following:
○ 1.
○ 2.
•Sperm live ________________________________________canal and related
structures
•Approx. ___________________________________________
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●
Passes from the testis through the epididymis through the vas deferens through
the ejaculatory duct and out the urethra
10. FUNCTIONS OF MAN IN REPRODUCTION
●A.
●B.
●C.
3 Stages of Coitus:
●1.
○a. Parasympathetic reflex initiated by various kinds of stimuli and consistency
of dilation of the arteries and arterioles of the penis causing its
enlargement and erection
●2.
○a. The reflex movement of sperm and secretions from the genital ducts and
accessory organs into the prostatic urethra
●3.
○a. One of several responses that characterize an orgasm
○b. _______________________is the climax of coitus
===============================================================
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II. FEMALE
● 1. FEMALE ORGANS (ESSENTIAL)
○ A.
● 2.
FEMALE ORGANS (Accessory)
○ A.
Glands
•1.
•2.
•3.
●
B. Ducts
○
○
○
1.
2.
3.
3. EXTERNAL GENITALIA
4. UTERUS
●A.
○
Structure, size, shape, divisions
Nonpregnant state –
●
●
●Contains a _____________________________(top, bulging surface of body)
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B. Wall of Uterus
●1. Lining of mucosa – ______________________________ (thick middle coat of
muscle called the _________________________________, partial external coat
called the _________________________________)
○___________________________________ - Infection of the Endometrium
●2. Endometrium 3 layers
(OUT TO IN)
○
○
○
C. Cavities of the Uterus
●
The body cavity is small, and triangular in shape with 3 openings:
○
○
5. BLOOD SUPPLY
●A. Arteriole blood supply
○Generous from the uterine arteries _________________________________
_______________________________________________.
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●B. Venous Supply
○
○
○
1.
2.
3.
•ALL GO TO THE ___________________________________
6. LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF UTERUS
●A. Uterus is in the pelvic cavity between the _________________________________
1. The uterus flexes with the body of the uterus lying over the bladder
pointing ____________________________________________________
2. The cervix joins the ______________________________________________
3. The uterus is capable of ______________________________________
•
•
RETROVERTED ______________________________- Descent of the Uterus into the Vagina
○4. It has _________anchoring ligaments
•
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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B. 3 Functions of Uterus
●
●
●
a.
b.
c.
7. UTERINE TUBES (Fallopian, Oviducts)
●A. Location
○
○
○
●
B. Structure
○
○
●C. 3 Divisions of Fallopian Tubes
○1. Isthmus –
○2. _______________________–
○3. Infundibulum –
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intermediate dilated portion
D. 2 Functions of Fallopian Tubes
●1.
Serves as a duct for the ovaries providing passageway for the ova to reach the
uterus
●2.
○
•When implantation occurs in the Fallopian tubes or anywhere else in the
body cavity.
8. OVARIES (Female Gonads)
●A. Location and size
○
○
○
B. Microscopic Structure
●1.
a. The follicles are in _______________________________________________
●2.
Each month one follicle matures, ruptures and expels its ovum into the
____________________________________
C. 2 Functions of Ovaries
●a. Oogenesis -○
●b. Secretions of hormones, ____________________________________________
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9. VAGINA
●A. Location and Structure
○Between the _________________________________________
○
○It external outlet is protected by a fold of mucous membrane called the Hymen
B. 3 Functions
●a.
●b.
●c.
10. VULVA
●A.
Consists of numerous structures that together constitute external genitalia
1. Mons Pubis -2. ______________________________ -- Hairy skin covered lips
3. Labia Minora –
4. ________________________ -- Small mound of erectile tissue just below the
junction of the 2 labia minora (Correspond to the Glans Penis in the male)
5. Urinary Meatus –
6. _________________________________– Below the urethra
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7. Bartholins Gland –
•a. Comparable to the _________________________________________ in the male
•b. Opened by means of a long duct into the space between the hymen and the labia
minora
◦
Ducts from the lesser vestibular glands (Skenes Gland) open near the urinary
meatus
11. PERINEUM
●Located between the _________________________________________________
●Location of the perennial body - an important muscular support structure for the uterus
and vagina
○Episiotomy –
12. BREASTS
●A. Location and size
○Breasts lie just under the skin over ________________________________
○The size depends on the deposits of _______________________________
B. Structure
●1.
●2.
○
_____________________________________________ – Milk Producing Glands
●3.
A ______________________________________________opens into the nipple
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●4.
Circular pigmented area – borders the nipple is called ____________________
●
===============================================================
III. EMBRYOLOGY
●A.
○Provides information interprets many abnormal formations for prenatal
diagnosis and treatment.
●B.
Steps in development of a new individual
○ 1.
Preliminary Process –
•a.
◦
Ovulation occurs once every ________________________________________
•b.
●2.
__________________________________ is where the sperm is introduced
into the vagina, and swim to meet the ovum in the Fallopian tubes
Development Process –
○a.
○b. Multiplication of cells from the zygote occurs by repeated ________________
○c. _______________________________– A solid ball of cells is formed it
becomes hollow with a cluster of cells attached at one point on the inner
surface of the sphere
○d. Its now called a ______________________– its implanted in the endometrium
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●3. Embryonic Stage
○
a.
○
b. Differentiation of cells into three primary germ layers:
•1.
•2.
•3.
●4.
Fetal Stage
○ a.
○
•
___________________________________– Formation of various tissues from the
primary germ layers
b. __________________________________ – Formation of various organs by the
rearrangement of tissues
Twins
◦a.
◦b.
IV. GENETIC DISORDERS
●A. ______________________________–
A recessive disorder characterized by
thick mucous in the lungs and the pancreas. It interferes with
normal breathing and digestion
●B. ________________________________________– Dominant disorder
characterized by uncontrolled twitching of skeletal muscle and
deterioration of mental capacity. (________________________).
●C. MARFANS SYNDROME – ________________________.
Tremendous
growth of the extremities. Dislocation of the eye lenses and
cardiovascular defects. _________________________________
●D. PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU) –
A recessive disorder characterized by the
inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine found in milk.
Brain and nerve damage, mental retardation.
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●E. _______________________________________________________________ –
Sex-linked recessive disorder characterized by progressive muscular
atrophy. Begins in early childhood, _____________________________
●F. TAY-SACHS DISEASE –
Recessive disorder characterized by deterioration
of physical and mental abilities, early blindness, and death
●G. DOWN SYNDROME (______________________________)
○
a. Trisomy 21
•
V. AIDS
●______________– 5 men in L.A. were diagnosed with pneumocystis carnii at the
same time, 26 men in New York came down with Kaposi’s Sarcoma.
These two conditions do not occur in healthy individuals. They only
occur in immuno- deficient individuals.
A. Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
○Caused by
○Originates from
B. Primary modes of entry
●
●
●
1.
2.
3.
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●
C. Prevention:
○
D. 2 Stages of AIDS
○1.
○2.
•
•
•
•
•
_____________________________________– no symptoms stage (8 to 15 yrs.)
___________________________________ – symptoms are present
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
◦
The above symptoms are called _______________________________________
●E.
○
•
•
1.
2. Average life span after full blown AIDS is ____________________________
◦a.
Death by __________________________________
F. Testing (antibodies tests)
●1.
___________________________before antibodies show up
○ a.
Eliza Test –
○ b.
Western Blot -
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◦If result is positive,
then placed on AZT
›
›
G. 3 other ways to transmit AIDS
●1.
●2.
●3.
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