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European Ground-based observations of
essential variables for CLImate and
operational METeorology
- providing a testbed capability in the UK.
1John
Nash, 2Catherine Gaffard, 1Richard Smout
and 2Owen Cox
Upper Air Team, Observation Research and Development,
1Exeter, 2Reading
© Crown copyright Met Office
COST Action ES0702,
European Ground-based Observations of Essential
Variables for Climate and Operational Meteorology
(EG-CLIMET)
came into force on 15 February 2008 and is likely to
continue for at least 4.5 years.
http://www.eg-climet.org/
© Crown copyright Met Office
COST Action ES0702, (EG-CLIMET)
This paper will describe the purpose of the Action and how
it is likely to develop including relationships with other
international activities in Europe and in WMO.
The practical aspects of setting up a testbed experiment
will be outlined and the possibilities for further collaboration
considered.
© Crown copyright Met Office
• COST (European Cooperation in the field of Scientific Research)
Actions are new, innovative and interdisciplinary scientific networks
of nationally based research teams. COST is managed by the
European Science Foundation.
• Meteorological Projects are managed within the Earth System
Science and Environmental Management domain.
• 14 countries are expected to participate in the project
• Finland, France ,Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United
Kingdom ,
• Action involves NMHS, Universities and other research institutions
and manufacturers
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• The Action facilitates collaboration between national
activities by organising and funding regular working
group meetings, at least twice per year.
• Workshops will probably be held on an annual basis.
Attendance at the workshops is open to a much wider
community than just the participants in the Action.
• Funding is available for short-term visits between
national research organisations or operational
meteorological services participating in the Action
• Funding is available for scientific publications.
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Main Objective of EG-CLIMET
The specification,
development
and demonstration
of cost-effective ground-based
integrated profiling systems
suitable for future networks providing essential observations
for both climate and weather .
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• Climate and weather observations are essential for the
future development of climate change policies and also
weather services with an emphasis on securing the
safety and quality of life of the public.
• Within Europe improved ground based observations are
required to complement the space based atmospheric
observing systems of future GEOSS/GMES [Global Earth
Observations System of Systems/Global Monitoring
Environment and Security] networks.
• EG-CLIMET will try to decide how climate and weather
observations can be combined in a manner to form an
Integrated Observing system which is satisfactory to both
areas of interest, thus forming a cost-effective solution to
the ground-based observing sector problem
© Crown copyright Met Office
For weather forecasting, strategic planning usually
assumes that aircraft observations and weather radar
observations will make a strong contribution to national
upper air observing networks in future.
EG-CLIMET is designed to exploit the synergies that
occur when groups of ground-based remote sensing
systems are operated together, thus providing
continuous series of upper air observations at given
locations.
These systems are expected to be valuable in future
network because they can provide vertical profiles of a
greater range of meteorological variables in a wider
range of conditions than from a weather radar alone,
and at locations where aircraft observations will never
be readily available.
© Crown copyright Met Office
• In the case of climate, the GCOS Reference
Upper Air Network (GRUAN) is expected to
have several stations in Europe.
• These will, probably incorporate high quality
radiosonde systems supported by various
ground-based remote sensing techniques to
help maintain stability of observations.
• The ground based remote sensing should be
provided by some of the ground-based remote
sensing systems studied here
© Crown copyright Met Office
• Integrated profiling sites will provide upper air
measurements at high temporal resolution,
many times per hour as required.
• This is not available from most current
operational observing networks.
• Microwave radiometers are one of the types of
observing system that will be considered for
integrated profiling sites and for some GRUAN
sites.
• The next slide shows high temporal resolution
microwave radiometer observations from an
earlier field experiment in the UK
• The following slide shows the radiosonde
measurements made from the same site during
the same time period.
© Crown copyright Met Office
New
Visualisation
plots
Developed
For use with
all types of
Radiometer.
Owen Cox
Low cloud
present
Several times
Below 2km
during this
period
© Crown copyright Met Office
Sea breeze front
13 July 2005
Radiosonde measurements give vertical profiles with higher
vertical resolution than the radiometer ,
but the radiosonde samples do not show the low cloud
© Crown copyright Met Office
• The Action is to concentrate on providing
measurements from integrated profiling
systems of the following key atmospheric
variables,
clouds, wind, temperature and humidity.
• Long term deployments (testbeds) of
combinations of observing systems will be
used to check the cost-effectiveness, cost
efficiency and practicality of the systems.
• The testbed experiments are to be used to
generate data sets that can be exploited by new
data assimilation techniques, so the Action
intends to foster co-ordination between the
observing system designers and operators and
the users of the data , especially in numerical
weather prediction.
© Crown copyright Met Office
• The instruments working group is intended to deal with
further development of basic remote sensing systems
towards the standards required for the operational
networks
• Data assimilation working group tasks will be to design
techniques to assimilate observations [especially vertical
profiles], looking at developments required for future high
resolution numerical weather prediction models.
• Observing experiments will be responsible for coordinating the test bed operations, including design of the
experiments, practical implementation and generation of
data bases suitable for the data assimilation group to
exploit It will also need to work very closely with the data
evaluation group.
• The Optimum observation network group is intended to
examine methods of improved integration from groups of
observing systems at a given site and also to work on
methods of producing the best estimate of horizontal
variation in the profiles around the integrated profiling
site, utilising the observing experiments
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An example of a new measurement to be investigated
in the Action is high temporal resolution
vertical velocity measurements
by optical lidars in the boundary layer
and how they can be used with other measurements to
define the
depth of the convective boundary layer
And can operational windprofilers be configured to
measure these vertical velocities successfully?
© Crown copyright Met Office
Halo Photonics lidar
© Crown copyright
Use vertical velocity measurements to investigate
depth of convective boundary layer, courtesy of Reading Univ.
Met Office
© Crown copyright Met Office
Operational wind profiler
Wind profiler is starting to resolve vertical velocity fluctuations
at this temporal resolution and suggests convection starts at about 07.30
© Crown copyright Met Office
Signal to noise in the wind profiler measurements also contains
Information relevant to detecting the development og the boundary layer
Also
© Crown copyright Met Office
Proposed FUND TESTBED operations
• To be operated for a minimum of 2 years
• Special installations around London to provide data for
resolving questions about observation user requirements
for future high resolution models
• Full set of profiling observations at Wattisham.
• Full set of profiling observations at Chilbolton as long as
planning application is successful
• UFAM [Manchester University] wind profiler at Cardington
for part of the time.
• AMDAR from probably four locations
• Integrated profiling site near central London may be
funded by another Met Office project in 2010
• Minimum of 3 doppler radar winds.
© Crown copyright Met Office
Clee Hill
Wattisham
Cardington
Chenies
Chilbolton
Cobbacombe Cross
Dean Hill
Dunkeswell
© Crown copyright Met Office
Herstmonceux
• As these new sites have to sustain operations
for several years, with only limited site visits,
the infrastructure has to be set up as though the
equipment was in full operation.
• The data has to be communicated in real time
into the experiment data bases in common
formats so that scientists working on the data
do not have to spend large amounts of time
accessing the data or reformatting data.
• A major practical problem for observing
networks is communicating the information into
Exeter in a fashion which satisfies the IT
Security Policy of the IT network Managers.
• Thus, work in trying to install the testbed
network has been in progress for nearly a year,
and it will probably be March to June 2009,
before most of the testbed sites begin effectivel
operations
© Crown copyright Met Office
Some International links
• COST Action ES0604, Atmospheric Water Vapour in the
Climate System (WaVaCS), http://www.isac.cnr.it/wavacs/
•
COST 731 Propagation of Uncertainty in Advanced
Meteo-Hydrological Forecast systems, with the main
objective to study issues associated with the quality and
uncertainty of meteorological observations from remote
sensing and other potentially valuable instrumentation.
• CIMO has been authorised to work on testbed
experiments to improve the use of insitu and ground
based remote sensing instrumentation. So it is intended
that the UK Testbed phase of EG-CLIMET be nominated
as a UK WIGOS Demonstration project.
• Lindenberg Observatory in Germany is the nominated
Lead Centre for the development of the GRUAN network
for WMO/GCOS. This centre is collaborating with Action
ES0604, and it is expected that the activities will also link
to some of the EG-CLIMET investigations.
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Questions & answers
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How can the proposed UK testbed link with other
observations and planned activities in Europe?
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© Crown copyright Met Office
• Existing operational upper air observations for
wind and water vapour
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© Crown copyright Met Office
GPS water vapour processing is operational over
the UK
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00.UTC
GPS water vapour in kg.m-2
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08.UTC
GPS water vapour in kg.m-2
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12.UTC
GPS water vapour in kg.m-2
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18.UTC
GPS water vapour in kg.m-2
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23.01.08, 00.UTC
GPS water vapour in kg.m-2
© Crown copyright Met Office
© Crown copyright Met Office