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Ancient World Civ Name: 7.16 Summarize important achievements of Egyptian civilization. Big Ideas: Essential Question: Agriculture System -based on a Lunar cycle of 12 months - 3 Seasons of 4 months each Civic Calender Egyptians realized the Lunar calendar was off because Sirius is a stellar event that occurs every 365 and ¼ days. - So they invented a Civic calendar with 12 months of 30 days divided into 3 decades (weeks) of 10 days each for a total of 360 days. - 5 Days added to celebrate the Gods and match the Lunar Year. The Inundation -Flood season, Farmland is submerged in water, -coincided with the rise of the brightest star Sirius - Canal work is done, but planting cannot begin -Pharaohs construction projects -Planting Season - wheat, barley, figs, melons, pomegranates, and various vine plants. -flax, linens, papyrus also harvested. - Akhet Proyet Monumental Architecture -Egyptian Beliefs in polytheism and the afterlife their drove architectural achievements. - All were built for religious and ritual purposes. - - Known for their large scale size and perfection and precision in construction with only simple tools. Some construction methods are still unknown Great Pyramids -built as tombs in the old Kingdom - Known for their large scale size and perfection and precision in construction with only simple tools. - Some construction methods are still unknown -Khufu’s pyramid was first and greatest. Sphinx Human head and lion body. -symbol of royal power -headdress of a pharaoh. -guardian of the pyramids. Heiroglyphics The Rosetta Stone & JeanFrancois Champollion Papyrus Ancient script picture-writing used mostly by priests. Written by scribes. Used the Rosetta stone to unlock the language that was lost for 4,000 years. -discovered in 1799 and finally cracked in 1822 - 3 Languages used in Egypt were all used and it helped unlock all of Egyptian history -early paper form made from reed plants that grow along the Nile river.