Download SIMM (single in-line memory module)

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WHAT IS RAM?
RAM is our working memory storage. All the
data, which the PC uses and works with during
operation, are stored here.
 Data are stored on drives, typically the hard
drive. However, for the CPU to work with those
data, they must be read into the working
memory storage, which is made up of RAM
chips.
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RAM TYPES
The traditional RAM type is DRAM (dynamic
RAM). The other type is SRAM (static RAM).
 SRAM continues to remember its content, while
DRAM must be refreshed every few
milliseconds.
 DRAM consists of micro capacitors, while SRAM
consists of off/on switches.
 SRAM can respond much faster than DRAM.
 DRAM is by far the cheapest to build.
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DRAM TYPES
FPM (Fast Page Mode)
 ECC (Error Correcting Code)
 EDO (Extended Data Output)
 SDRAM (Synchron Data RAM)
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SD RAM
DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) is
synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) that can
theoretically improve memory clock speed to at
least 200 MHz*.
 It activates output on both the rising and falling
edge of the system clock rather than on just the
rising edge, potentially doubling output. It's
expected that a number of Socket
7 chipset makers will support this form of SDRAM.
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RDRAM
Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
(RDRAM) is a memory subsystem that promises
to transfer up to 1.6 billion bytes per second.
 Rambus is intended to replace the current
main memory technology of dynamic random
access memory (DRAM).
 These are having much faster data transfer
rates
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RAM SPEEDS
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RAM speed is measured in ns (nano seconds).
The fewer ns, the faster is the RAM
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RAM MODULES
RAM is installed on SIMM or DIMM modules
 SIMM (single in-line memory module)
 DIMM (Dual in-line memory module)
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SIMM
A SIMM (single in-line memory module) is
a module containing one or several random
access memory (RAM) chips on a small circuit
board with pins that connect to the
computermotherboard.
 SIMMs typically come with a 32 data bit.
 The memory chips on a SIMM are typically
dynamic RAM (DRAM) chips.
 SIMM were common from the early 1980s to the
late 1990s.
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DIMM
A DIMM (dual in-line memory module) is a
double SIMM (single in-line memory module).
 Like a SIMM, it's a module containing one or
several random access memory ( RAM ) chips on a
small circuit board with pins that connect it to the
computer motherboard .
 A DIMM has a 168-pin connector and supports 64bit data transfer. It is considered likely that future
computers will standardize on the DIMM.
 SIMM and DIMM are very similar, except that
DIMM have electrical contacts on each side of the
module, while the contacts on SIMMs on both
sides are redundant.
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RIMM
RIMM = RDRAM In-line Memory Module.
 RIMMs are obsolete, and were only used by
very few Intel Pentium 3 based motherboards,
and early Pentium 4 motherboards.
 Its performance was good, But they were over 3
times the cost of similar SD Ram (DIMM) ram
sticks.
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BIOS
A special kind of program is required to enable the
CPU to talk to other devices
 A ROM chip stores these programs
 These programs are collectively known as the
Basic Input/Output Service (BIOS)
 Programs stored on ROM chips are known as
firmware
 Programs stored on erasable media are called
software
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BIOS (BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM)
BIOS (basic input/output system) is the program a
personal computer's microprocessor uses to get
the computer system started after you turn it on.
 It also manages data flow between the
computer's operating system and attached devices
such as the hard disk , video
adapter, keyboard , mouse , and printer .
 BIOS is theoretically always the intermediary
between the microprocessor and I/O device
control information and data flow
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CMOS
CMOS RAM, CMOS is short for Complementary
Metal-Oxide Semiconductor.
 CMOS is an on-board semiconductor chip
powered by a CMOS battery inside computers
that stores information such as the system time
and date and the system hardware settings for
your computer.
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FLASH ROM
Flash ROM is a new type of ROM chip
developed by Intel
 It can be reprogrammed without the chip being
removed
 Running a small command line program
combined with an update file can change or
update the BIOS
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POST (POWER-ON SELF-TEST)
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When power is turned on, POST is the diagnostic testing
sequence that a computer's basic input/output
system runs to determine if the computer keyboard
random access memory, disk drives, and other hardware
are working properly.
If the necessary hardware is detected and found to be
operating properly, the computer begins to boot.
If the hardware is not detected or is found not to be
operating properly, the BIOS issues an error message
which may be text on the display screen and/or a series
of coded beeps, depending on the nature of the problem.
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PORTS
The term port can refer to either physical or
virtual connection points.
 Physical network ports allow connecting cables
to computers, routers, modems and other
peripheral devices.
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SERIAL PORT (COM PORT)
A serial port enables external modems to
connect to a PC or network router via a serial
cable. The term "serial" signifies that data sent
in one direction always travels over a single
wire within the cable.
 It is in RS-232 standard.
 These serial ports and cables are the same
used for PC keyboards and other computer
peripheral devices
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LPT PORT
A parallel port is a type of interface found
on computers for connecting peripherals.
 In computing, a parallel port is a parallel
communication physical interface. It is also known
as a printer port
 LPT (line print terminal) is the usual designation
for a parallel port connection to a printer or other
device on a personal computer. Most PCs come
with one or two LPT connections designated as
LPT1 and LPT2.
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USB PORT (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)
A USB port is a standard cable connection
interface on personal computers and consumer
electronics. USB ports allow stand-alone electronic
devices to be connected via cables to a computer
 USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry
standard for short-distance digital data
communications. USB allows data to be
transferred between devices. USB ports can also
supply electric power across the cable to devices
without their own power source.
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EISA (EXTENDED INDUSTRY STANDARD
ARCHITECTURE)

EISA is a standard bus (computer
interconnection) architecture that extends
the ISA standard to a 32-bit interface.
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VESA

VESA Local Bus (sometimes called the VESA VL
bus) is a standard interface between your
computer and its expansion slot that provides
faster data flow between the devices controlled
by the expansion cards and your computer's
microprocessor.
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ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT (AGP)
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Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is
an interface specification that enables 3-D graphics to
display quickly on ordinary personal computers.
AGP is designed to convey 3-D images (for example,
from Web sites or CD-ROMs) much more quickly and
smoothly than is possible today on any computer other
than an expensive graphics workstation.
It is especially useful in conjunction with gaming, threedimensional (3D) video, and sophisticated
scientific/engineering graphics programs.
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PC CARD
A PC Card (previously known as a PCMCIA card) is
a credit card size memory or I/O device that fits
into a personal computer, usually a notebook or
laptop computer.
 Probably the most common use of a PC Card is the
telecommunications modem for notebook
computers. There are 16-binary digit and 32-bit
(CardBus) varieties of PC Cards. Another type of PC
card is theZV port Card.
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