Download STI PPT

(STI’s & STD’s)
8th grade
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Illnesses transmitted by vaginal intercourse,
oral sex, and anal sex.
Some STIs can be transmitted via IV drug
needles, childbirth or breastfeeding.
Sexually transmitted infections have been
well known for hundreds of years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease
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“Disease" implies the presence of symptoms
that the infected person is aware of.
“Infection” has a broader range of meaning
◦ a person may be infected, and may
potentially infect others, without having a
disease.
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The most recent
national estimates:
◦ approximately 19
million new cases of
STIs each year
◦ half of them among
15–24-year-olds
◦ 65 million Americans
have at least one viral
STI, most commonly
genital herpes.
http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FIB_STI_US.html
http://www.labsdirect.com/
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Parasite
◦ Pubic Lice (crabs),
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Bacterial
◦ Chlamydia,
◦ Gonorrhea,
◦ Syphilis
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Viral
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Hepatitis B,
Herpes (simplex 1 and 2),
HIV,
HPV
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Parasite
Also known as “crabs”
Infest human pubic hair
They feed exclusively on blood
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Main symptom is itching, usually in the
pubic-hair area.
Sexual contact, especially genital region, with
infected person.
Shared towels, sheets, clothing, etc.
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Crab lice can be treated with
cream rinse.
◦ These agents should be applied to
the affected areas and washed off
after 10 minutes.
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Shaving off or grooming infected
hair.
Prescribed shampoo that is
approved by the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA)
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Worldwide, it is estimated that 2 % of human
population have it.
◦ Accurate numbers are difficult to acquire.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubic_lice
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A bacteria
Known as a "silent" disease because it is often
symptomless.
If symptoms do occur, they usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks
after exposure.
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Women:
◦ Pain in vaginal area.
◦ abnormal vaginal discharge
◦ burning sensation when
urinating.
◦ lower abdominal pain,
◦ low back pain, nausea, fever,
pain during intercourse,
◦ bleeding between menstrual
periods.
Men:
 discharge from their
penis
 burning sensation
when urinating.
 burning and itching
around the opening of
the penis.
 Pain and swelling in
the testicles are
uncommon.
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Serious reproductive problems.
Infection can spread into the uterus or
fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID).
◦ Permanent damage to the fallopian tubes, uterus,
and surrounding tissues that can lead to chronic
pelvic pain, infertility, and potentially fatal ectopic
pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).
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Babies who are born to infected mothers can
get chlamydial infections in their eyes and
respiratory tracts.
Chlamydia is a leading cause of early infant
pneumonia and conjunctivitis (pink eye) in
newborns.
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Vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Chlamydia can also be passed from an
infected mother to her baby during vaginal
childbirth.
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Easily treated with antibiotics.
◦ A single dose of azithromycin
◦ All sex partners should be evaluated, tested, and
treated.
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Chlamydia is the most frequently reported
bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the
United States.
In 2009, 1,244,180 chlamydial infections
were reported to CDC from 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
An estimated 2.8 million infections occur
annually in the U.S.
Women are frequently re-infected if their sex
partners are not treated.
http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/default.htm
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A bacteria
This bacteria can grow and multiply easily in
the warm, moist areas of the reproductive
tract
The bacterium can also grow in the mouth,
throat, eyes, and anus.
Women:
 Most women have no
symptoms.
 Symptoms are often
mistaken for a bladder
or vaginal infection.
 Painful or burning
sensation when
urinating, increased
vaginal discharge, or
vaginal bleeding
between periods.
Men:
 Some have no symptoms
 Burning sensation when
urinating, or a white,
yellow, or green
discharge from the
penis.
 Painful or swollen
testicles.
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Women: Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease
(PID). About 750,000
women each year in
the United States
develop PID.
Men: Epididymitis, a
painful condition of
the ducts attached to
the testicles that may
lead to infertility if left
untreated.
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Contact with the penis,
vagina, mouth, or anus.
Ejaculation does not
have to occur for
gonorrhea to be
transmitted or acquired.
From mother to baby
during delivery.
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Antibiotics can successfully cure
gonorrhea in adolescents and
adults.
Drug-resistant strains of
gonorrhea are increasing in many
areas of the world, including the
United States, and successful
treatment of gonorrhea is
becoming more difficult.
CDC now recommends dual
therapy (i.e. using two drugs) for
the treatment of gonorrhea.
Persons with gonorrhea should be
tested for other STDs.
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Gonorrhea is a very
common infectious
disease.
CDC estimates that
more than 700,000
persons in the U.S.
get new gonorrheal infections each
year.
Less than half of these infections are
reported to CDC.
In 2009, 301,174 cases of gonorrhea
were reported to CDC.
http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/STDFact-gonorrhea.htm
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A bacteria
It has often been called "the great imitator"
because so many of the signs and symptoms
are indistinguishable from those of other
diseases.
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Many people have NO symptoms for years,
yet remain at risk for late complications if
they are not treated.
There are 3 potential stages of syphilis:
◦ Primary
◦ Secondary
◦ Latent
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Direct contact with a syphilis sore.
Sores occur mainly on the external genitals,
vagina, anus, or in the rectum.
Occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Pregnant women with the disease can pass it
to the babies they are carrying.
Syphilis cannot be spread through contact
with toilet seats, doorknobs, swimming
pools, hot tubs, bathtubs, shared clothing, or
eating utensils.
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Marked by the appearance of a single sore
(called a canker).
The canker is usually firm, round, small, and
painless.
The canker lasts 3 to 6 weeks, and it can heal
without treatment.
However, if adequate treatment is not
administered, the infection progresses to the
secondary stage.
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Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions.
Rough, red, or reddish brown spots both on
the palms of the hands and the bottoms of
the feet.
Without treatment, the infection will progress
to the latent and possibly late stages of
disease.
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Called the hidden stage
Damages the internal organs, including the
brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver,
bones, and joints.
Signs and symptoms include difficulty
coordinating muscle movements, paralysis,
numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia.
This damage may be serious enough to cause
death.
It is rare for syphilis to reach this stage this
day in age.
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Easy to cure in its early stages.
A single intramuscular injection of penicillin,
an antibiotic, will cure a person who has had
syphilis for less than a year.
Treatment will kill the syphilis bacterium and
prevent further damage, but it will not repair
damage already done.
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In the United States, health officials reported
over 36,000 cases of syphilis in 2006.
Syphilis dates back to the 1400’s.
Many famous historical figures, including
Henry VIII, Adolf Hitler, Benito
Mussolini, Al Capone,
Vincent Van Gogh and
Ivan the Terrible, are alleged
to have had syphilis or other
sexually transmitted infections.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_syphilis
http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/STDFact-Syphilis.htm
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Virus
A serious liver infection caused by the
hepatitis B virus (HBV)
The highest concentrations of HBV are found
in blood.
◦ Lower concentrations found in other body fluids
including semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva.
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Appear about 2-3 months after you've been
infected and can range from mild to severe.
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Signs and symptoms of hepatitis B may
include:
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Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Joint pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Weakness and fatigue
Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes
(jaundice)
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Through blood, semen or other
body fluids.
Common ways HBV is transmitted
include:
◦ Sexual contact – unprotected sex
◦ Sharing needles – drug use
◦ Accidental needle sticks- health care
workers
◦ From mother to child - during
childbirth
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Acute hepatitis B infection
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◦ lasts less than six months.
◦ your immune system is usually able to clear the
virus
◦ you should recover completely within a few months
Chronic hepatitis B infection
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lasts six months or longer.
your immune system can't fight off the virus
infection may become lifelong,
May lead to serious illnesses such as cirrhosis and liver
cancer.
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Receiving an injection of
hepatitis B immune globulin
within 24 hours of coming in
contact with the virus may
help protect you from
developing hepatitis B.
Acute HBV may not need
treatment.
Chronic HBV will need antiviral
medication and the possibility
of a liver transplant (only if the
liver is severely damaged).
http://www.bing.com/health/article/mayo-MADS00398/Hepatitis-B?q=hepatitis+b
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2 billion people worldwide
12 million in the United States
http://www.hepb.org/hepb/statistics.htm
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Virus
Caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1
(HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2).
Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2.
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No or only minimal signs or
symptoms from HSV-1 or
HSV-2 infection.
Painful sores or cankers on or
around the mouth, genitals or
rectum, flu-like symptoms,
including fever and swollen
glands.
Blisters may take two to four
weeks to heal the first time
they occur.
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HSV-1 can cause genital herpes,
but it more commonly causes
cold sores.
HSV-1 infection of the genitals
can be caused by oral-genital or
genital-genital contact with a
person who has HSV-1 infection.
HSV-2 during sexual contact
with someone who has HSV-2.
Transmission can occur from an
infected partner who does not
have a visible sore and may not
know that he or she is infected.
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Oral herpes is what causes cold
sores (common)
Cold Sores appear on the external
areas around the mouth such as the
lips, chin, cheeks
and around the throat area.
The virus that causes oral herpes is
highly contagious and is referred to
as the "kissing disease".
Canker Sores are located on the
inside of the mouth (from stress,
genetics, food allergy, fatigue, etc.)
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Genital herpes frequently causes
psychological distress in people who know
they are infected.
Potentially fatal infections in babies.
Herpes may play a role in the spread of HIV,
the virus that causes AIDS.
WHY???
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There is no treatment that can cure herpes,
but antiviral medications can shorten and
prevent outbreaks during the period of time
the person takes the medication.
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Results of a nationally representative study
show that genital herpes infection is common
in the United States.
Nationwide, about one out of six, people 14
to 49 years of age have genital HSV-2
infection.
Genital HSV-2 infection is more common in
women.
http://www.cdc.gov/std/Herpes/STDFact-Herpes.htm
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV cannot grow or reproduce
on their own, they need to
infect the cells of a living
organism in order to replicate
The human immune system
usually finds and kills viruses
fairly quickly
HIV attacks the immune system
making it difficult or impossible
to kill the virus.
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A part of white blood cells that
fight infection.
HIV attacks T-Cells (the main
target for HIV)
NUMBERS:
◦ healthy adult = 600 to 1200
◦ HIV+ person = 600 and 350 considered "very
good“
◦ 350 and 200 = The immune system is weakened
and therefore the HIV+ person may be at
increased risk for infection and illness.
◦ Less that 200 = The immune system is severely
weakened and the HIV+ person is at a much
greater risk of opportunistic infections.
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http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_many_T-cells_should_you_have#ixzz1jBW5G3xu
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is caused by HIV damaging the immune
system cells until the immune system can no
longer fight off other infections that it would
usually be able to prevent.
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Often no symptoms at all.
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It's NOT possible to tell just by looking if
someone has been infected with HIV.
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Some people experience a flu-like illness,
develop a rash, or get swollen glands.
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However, these are also common symptoms of
other less serious illnesses, and do not
necessarily mean that a person has HIV.
The only way to know for certain if someone is
infected with HIV is for them to be tested.
6 bodily fluids:
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Unprotected sexual
intercourse with an infected
person
Contact with an infected
person's blood
Use of infected blood
products: blood
transfusions
Injecting drugs
From mother to child:
http://www.avert.org/hiv.htm
Blood
Semen
Pre-ejaculatory fluid
Breast milk
Vaginal fluid
Rectal fluid
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antiretroviral drug treatment
◦ It is not a cure
◦ Helps keep the immune system strong.
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combination therapy
◦ Taking two or more antiretroviral drugs at a time is
called combination therapy.
◦ Taking two or more antiretroviral at the same time
vastly reduces the rate at which resistance would
develop, making treatment more effective in the
long term.
http://www.avert.org/treatment.htm
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People living with HIV:
◦ Worldwide - 33.3 million (2009)
◦ US - 682,668 (2008)
◦ Africa – An estimated 22.5 million people were living
with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa at the end of 2009,
including 2.3 million children.
◦ During 2009, an estimated 1.3 million Africans died
from AIDS.
http://www.avert.org/africa-hiv-aids-statistics.htm
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First recognizable case in the US was in 1981
(Ryan White – 13, contaminated blood
transfusion) . He had hemophilia (blood
doesn’t clot properly)
Died 5 1/5 years later
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5 theories:
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‘Hunters’ theory
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) theory
Contaminated needle theory
Colonialism theory
Conspiracy theory
http://www.avert.org/origin-aids-hiv.htm
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Magic!
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Human Papilloma Virus
The most common sexually
transmitted infection (STI).
There are more than 40 HPV types that
can infect the genital areas of males
and females.
These HPV types can also infect the
mouth and throat.
http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm
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Most people with HPV do not develop
symptoms or health problems from it.
In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system
clears HPV naturally within two years.
Genital warts
Warts in the throat (rare)
Cervical cancer (when left untreated)
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HPV is passed on through genital contact,
most often during vaginal and anal sex.
It may also be passed on during oral sex
It can be passed on between straight and
same-sex partners—even when the infected
partner has no signs or symptoms.
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Females: Two vaccines (Cervarix and Gardasil) are
available to protect females against the types of
HPV that cause most cervical cancers.
◦ Recommended for girls age 11 - 26 years of age, who
did not get any or all of the shots when they were
younger.
 It is recommended to get the same vaccine brand for all
three doses, whenever possible.
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Males: One available vaccine (Gardasil) protects
males against most genital warts and anal
cancers.
◦ This vaccine is available for boys and men, 9 through 26
years of age.
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There is NO treatment for the virus itself,
but there are treatments for the diseases
that HPV can cause:
◦ Genital warts can be removed by the patient him
or herself with prescribed medications.
◦ Cervical cancer is most treatable when it is
diagnosed and treated early. But women who get
routine Pap tests and follow up as needed can
identify problems before cancer develops.
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Approximately 20 million Americans are
currently infected with HPV.
Another 6 million people become newly
infected each year.
HPV is so common that at least 50% of
sexually active men and women get it at
some point in their lives.