Download Ch 8 Lesson 4 Notes

LESSON 4
Out of the Depression
and Into War
Out of Depression
• SC was in a depression even before the stock
market crashed.
• FDR was elected by a landslide with a promise of a
New Deal – he was supported by many in SC.
• The 3 parts of this New Deal were relief, recovery &
reform.
• He said he would do this in the first “Hundred Days”
• Also said that the people had “nothing to fear, but
fear itself” in one of his fireside chats.
• These were radio talks where FDR would calm
the nation’s fears.
New Deal Programs – Alphabet Soup
• Civilan Conservation Corps (CCC) – benefited
SC as its provided jobs constructing new parks
and national forests
• Rural Electrification Act (REA) – improved the
lives of people living in rural areas of SC during
the Great Depression by creating cooperatives
to provide electricity to remote areas.
• Santee Cooper Project: provided jobs and
later recreational opportunities.
New Deal Programs – Alphabet Soup
• Public Works Administration (PWA) and the
Works Progress Administration (WPA) – put
people to work on building projects – bridges,
renovations
• Social Security Act (SSA) – provided basic
welfare programs – still impacts people today.
• FDR sought the advise from two important
South Carolinians (James F. Byrnes and Mary
McLeod Bethune) to help him create many of
these programs.
Strike of 1934
• Result of workers dissatisfaction with wages and
working conditions, workers of SC joined a labor union
and called for a general strike.
• Soon violence broke out between union members and
strike breakers.
• FDR urged the workers to end the strike and allow
negotiation to try to find a compromise.
• Strikers agreed, but many SC mill owners did not,
keeping their mills closed even when the workers were
ready to return to work.
• Strike led to the collapse of the union in SC.
Out of Depression & Into War
• Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler of Germany
believed the Germans were a superior
race.
• He wanted to conquer Europe and
cleanse it of inferior people.
• His actions in the late 1930s drew the
world into a second world war.
• The US was dragged into the war
when the Japanese attacked the US
naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii in
1941, officially ending the Great
Depression.
World War II
The Allied Powers and the Axis Powers
• More than 60 countries were involved in World War
II. They aligned with either Allied Powers or the
Axis Powers
• England, France, Russian, and the United States
led the Allied Powers
• Germany, Italy and Japan led the Axis Powers
• The war in Europe began in 1939.
World War II
Serving the Military
• More than 184,000 men and women from South
Carolina fought in World War II.
• The Doolittle Raiders attacked the Japanese and
boosted morale at home.
• This group of pilots purpose was to retaliate for
the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor.
• Jimmy Doolittle assembled the crew at the
Columbia Army Air base to train and plan the
mission.
The Dolittle Raiders
Lt. Col Horace Ellis “Sally” Crouch (back left) from Columbia. Crouch
served as navigator and bombardier with the Doolittle Raiders.
Serving in the Military
The Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen
• Initially, blacks weren’t allowed to serve in combat
positions, but eventually, the army eased that
restriction and let groups of blacks like the Tuskegee
Airmen see combat.
• The Tuskegee Airmen were the first group of black
pilots to participate in a major US war.
• They served with distinction and were awarded the
Congressional Medal of Freedom.
• They proved that African Americans could fight as
well as other Americans.
World War II
The Home Front
• More than 15 million men and women joined the
armed forces.
• Millions of women entered the work force.
• The government rationed certain goods so families
could only have a specific amount.
• This helped provide more resources for the
military.
• Americans helped pay for the war, which was very
expensive, by buying war bonds.
World War II
The Home Front – In South Carolina
• Fort Jackson in SC helped with war time efforts
as well – serving as a training base for draftees
from throughout the US.
• Unfortunately, many volunteers from SC were
found unfit for service in the military because
they were illiterate and unhealthy.
The Homefront
Japanese Internment and POW Camps
• In the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor,
President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066.
• It required more than 100,000 Japanese
Americans to leave their homes and businesses
and move to relocation, or internment, camps
located in remote areas of the United States.
• German prisoners of war were also held in camps
in the US. How do you think their experience was
different from the Japanese?
World War II
Postwar America
• FDR awarded many defense contracts to
southern factories in order to boost the
economy in the South. These contracts led to
many new residents moving to the state during
the 1940s.
• People worried that the economy would drop
after the war, but instead the economy
boomed.
• South Carolina and the nation experienced one
of the largest periods of economic growth in US
history.