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The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play Unabashedly plagiarized from G. E. Hutchinson By Jeff Mitton DUSEL at HUSEP Alvin WHOI Riftia pachyptila oxidation of Fe+2 to Fe+3 drives reduction of SO42- to H2S Microbes oxidize H2S to drive biochemical reactions Hydrothermal Vents Communities • A community whose primary energy source was not sunlight harnessed by photosynthesis, but chemical reactions • Was this just the first community independent of sunlight? The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play G. E. Hutchinson Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution Theodosius Dobzhansky Natural selection and adaptive evolution occur in the context of the environment. Within a species, genotypes are unevenly distributed among heterogeneous environments Species are sorted out by environmental variation, persisting in some environments, excluded from other environments Patchy Occurrence of Species and Communities To what degree are species’ distributions limited by their adaptations environmental heterogeneity? pH? Temperature? F, NH4, CH4, H2, H2S? Henderson, Across a Drift D1 D4 NH4 .006 .112 SO4 4.1 9.8 MN .66 2.84 ZN 35 155 D1 D3, Plugged D4 26,000 Years A microbial survey of the anoxic water from 2025 D1. Microbial identifications are based of blast searches of 16 S rRNA sequences. Uncultured bacterium clone SR_FBR_L83 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% Uncultured beta proteobacterium gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, Unidentified eubacterium RB21 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial 17% 63% 2% Uncultured beta proteobacterium clone AKYG404 16S ribosomal RNA gene, Uncultured beta proteobacterium clone 4-21 16S ribosomal RNA gene, uncultured bacterium SJA-149 16S rRNA gene, clone SJA149 A microbial survey of the anoxic water from 2025 D4. Microbial identifications are based of blast searches of 16 S rRNA sequences. 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 3% 1% 2% Uncultured beta proteobacterium gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, 11% Uncultured bacterium clone BE325FW 032701CTS_hole1-20 16S ribosomal 2% Uncultured delta proteobacterium MERTZ_2CM_83 16S ribosomal RNA uncultured bacterium partial 16S rRNA gene, clone S15B-MN11 2% 1% 27% 4% 2% Uncultured beta proteobacterium clone AKYG404 16S ribosomal RNA gene, Uncultured bacterium gene for 16S rRNA, clone:TD-3 1% 1% 13% 1% 5% 1% 2% 1% 1% Uncultured bacterium clone ML-723 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial Uncultured bacterium clone J2-77 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial Nitrogen NO2 NO3 NH4 Where does it come from? Nitrospira Nitrospira oxides NO2 to NO3 A whole series of questions… What degree of isolation between surface and depth? Will water residence times increase with depth? To what degree are the communities influenced by the thermal gradient? To what degree do communities change with chemistry? Gene flow among environments? Gene flow overridden by selection? Unique, ancient lineages?
