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Siddhartha Key Vocabulary and Terms Directions: Study these terms and keep this chart in your book for reference while reading and studying the novel. Character, word Definition or phrase Siddhartha (Sanskrit) He who is on the right road. It was the given name of the historical Gotama (or Gautama) Buddha of the sixth century B.C., who founded Buddhism. Although the hero of Hesse's novel has the same name and follows a somewhat parallel course, he is a fictional character. (Hesse never explained why he chose the Buddha's name for his hero.) Govinda (Sanskrit) keeper of cows (as cows are sacred in Hinduism, suggests religious calling) Samanas Gotama Buddha wandering ascetics, members of a sect that believes in achieving liberation from the self through extreme self-denial. They live as wandering beggars without shelter, all but naked indifferent to rain, cold, or hunger, and given to long periods of sitting immobile in meditation. The founder of Buddhism. His teaching calls for freeing oneself from all attachments and desires in order to escape from the sufferings of life. Kamala Name derived from “Kama,” the Hindu god of physical love/desire; denotes material, sensual world Kamaswami Name derived from “Swami”=master; “kama”=material—master of the material world Vasudeva Name that means “one who abides in all things and in whom all things abide.” Brahmin an individual belonging to the Hindu priest, artists, teachers, technicians class (varna or pillar of the society) and also to an individual belonging to the Brahmin tribe/caste into which an individual is born Ablutions The act of washing one’s self as ritual purification Sacrifices an act of surrendering a possession as an offering to God or to a divine or supernatural figure. Meditation a practice in which an individual trains the mind or induces a mode of consciousness, either to realize some benefit or as an end in itself Om a mystic syllable, considered the most sacred mantra. It appears at the beginning and end of most Sanskrit recitations, prayers, and texts. Atman the spiritual life principle of the universe, esp. when regarded as inherent in the real self of the individual. Brahman Brahman refers to the Supreme Self. refers to the creative aspect of the universal consciousness or God Nirvana a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism. Salvation Deliverance from the power and effects of sin. Liberation from ignorance or illusion. Atonement reparation for a wrong or injury, to make right a wrong or sin, forgiveness Rig-Veda Rig = praise verse Veda = knowledge an ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. It is counted among the four canonical sacred texts (śruti) of Hinduism known as the Vedas Discontent Dissatisfaction, displeasure Wisdom the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment; the quality of being wise. Soul the spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal. Supplication the action of asking or begging for something earnestly or humble The Upanishads ach of a series of Hindu sacred treatises written in Sanskrit c. 800–200 BC, expounding the Vedas in predominantly mystical and monistic terms. Ascetic characterized by or suggesting the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons Bliss Perfect happiness, contentment, great joy Disillusionment a feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be The Eightfold Path he path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. Mara and Maya the supernatural power wielded by gods and demons to produce illusions Samsara the cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound.